University of Science and Technology, Yemen (USTY): Journals / جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجي
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The Impact of Governance on Organizational Performance (A Field Study at Al-Tawasul Foundation for Humanitarian Development – Yemen)
No full textهدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر الحوكمة بأبعادها منفردة (سيادة القانون، والشفافية والإفصاح، والمشاركة، والمساءلة والمحاسبة) في الأداء التنظيمي بأبعاده مجتمعة (رضا المستفيدين، والبعد المالي، والعمليات الداخلية، والتعلم والنمو) في مؤسسة التواصل للتنمية الإنسانية – اليمن. وقد اُستخدم المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، تكّون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع العاملين في الوظائف الإدارية والفنية في المؤسسة، وعددهم (57 فرداً)، استخدمت الباحثة أسلوب الحصر الشامل، كما اُستخدمت أداة الاستبانة الإلكترونية كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات والمقابلة شبه المهيكلة كأداة مساندة لتفسير النتائج. توصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن مستوى الحوكمة في المؤسسة جاء بدرجة مرتفعة، كما أن واقع الأداء التنظيمي في المؤسسة جاء بدرجة مرتفعة جدًا، وجود أثر ذي دلالة إحصائية للحوكمة في الأداء التنظيمي. كما أظهرت النتائج بأنه لا توجد فروق جوهرية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين استجابات أفراد مجتمع الدراسة تجاه محاور الدراسة (الحوكمة والأداء التنظيمي)، تُعزى للمتغيرات الشخصية والوظيفية. أوصت الدراسة بالمحافظة على الحوكمة الفعالة وتطويرها لما لها من أثر بالغ على الأداء التنظيمي، وزيادة الاهتمام في بُعد المساءلة والمحاسبة، وذلك من خلال تبني إطار عمل متكامل لبناء دورة المساءلة الكاملة التي توازن بين الرقابة من الأعلى للأسفل، وتفعيل آليات المساءلة من الأسفل للأعلىThe study examines the impact of governance and its dimensions—rule of law, transparency and disclosure, participation, accountability, and responsibility— on organizational performance at the Tawasul Foundation for Humanitarian Development in Yemen. Organizational performance was assessed through four dimensions: beneficiary satisfaction, financial performance, internal operations, and learning and growth. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology to analyze the relationships between governance practices and performance outcomes. The study population comprised all administrative and technical employees of the Foundation, totaling 57 individuals. Data were collected to evaluate how each governance dimension contributes to enhancing overall organizational performance. The findings highlight the importance of applying sound governance principles in non-profit organizations to improve efficiency, accountability, and sustainability, ultimately leading to better service delivery and institutional effectivenes
The Role Of Indigenous Experience In Conflict Settlement Among Nuer In Gambella Regional State Of Ethiopia: The Case Of Makuey, Jikow, And Lare District
No full textالهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم دور الخبرة المحلية في تسوية النزاعات بين قبائل النوير. تلعب شيوخ النوير دورًا كبيرًا في مجتمعاتهم، خاصة خلال النزاعات العنيفة التي تحدث بين العشائر والقرى. فهم المؤسسة الرئيسية القادرة على السيطرة على الموقف وإدارة النزاعات القائمة على العشيرة. تم جمع هذه البيانات من 20 من المخبرين الرئيسيين، وست مجموعات تركيز نقاشية تضم كل منها ثمانية مشاركين، بالإضافة إلى الملاحظة بالمشاركة. ولغرض صياغة المعنى، تم اعتماد التحليل النوعي التحليلي/التفسيري مدعومًا بوثائق من مصادر منشورة وغير منشورة، بما في ذلك على سبيل المثال لا الحصر: الأطروحات، والمجلات، والكتب، والأدلة، والتقارير. تناولت الدراسة دور الخبرة المحلية في تسوية النزاعات بين النوير في إقليم غامبيلا في إثيوبيا: حالة مناطق ماكوي، وجيكو، ولاري. وفي عملية الدراسة، تم استخدام المقابلات مع المخبرين الرئيسيين ومجموعات التركيز النقاشية والملاحظة للحصول على فهم واضح للدور المهم الذي تلعبه الشيوخ المحليون في تسوية النزاعات في المنطقة. استخدم الباحث منهجيات بحث نوعية. وكنتيجة لذلك، تم تجاهل الدور التقليدي للشيوخ في فض النزاعات من قبل المؤسسات الحديثةThe objective of this study is to assess the role of indigenous experience in conflict settlement among Nuer. The Nuer elders are playing a great role in their communities, especially, during violence conflicts that are happening between clans and villages. They are the main institution that can control the situation and managing the clan based conflict. This data was collected from 20 key informants, six FGD each with eight participant and participant observation. In order to construct the meaning, analytical/interpretative qualitative analysis was adopted supplemented by documents of both published and unpublished sources, inter alia, thesis, journals, books, manuals, and reports. The study examined the role of indigenous experience in conflict settlement among Nuer in Gambella regional state of Ethiopia: the case of Makuey, Jikow, and Lare district. In the study process key informant interview, FGD and observation used to get a clear understanding of the important role played by indigenous elders in conflict settlement in the area. The researcher used qualitative approaches. As a result, the traditional role of elders in dispute settlement has been ignored by modern institution
White Blood Cells Parameters among Malnourished Children Under-Five Years, Aden-Yemen
No full textBackground: Malnutrition is still a critical public health problem among children under five, with implications for immune function and hematological parameters.
Objective: This study aimed to identify abnormal WBC parameters among malnourished children under five in Aden, Yemen, and to determine the socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors associated with abnormal WBC parameters among those children.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 malnourished children under 5 years. The blood specimens were collected from all children, and an automated hematological analyzer was used to measure the WBC parameters. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data.
Results: Among 101 malnourished children, the majority were 52% females, and according to WBC parameters, leukocytosis, neutropenia, and lymphocytosis were observed at rates of 34.7%, 69.3%, and 82.2%, respectively. Elevated WBC counts were significantly associated with age group (p = 0.005), and high lymphocyte counts were linked to residence (p = 0.017), while no significant associations were found between WBC abnormalities and acute malnutrition or between low WBCs and socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors.
Conclusion: acute malnutrition remains a significant health challenge among children under five years of age, with notable sex disparities, as females were more affected. The leukocytosis, neutropenia, and lymphocytosis were noted among malnourished children. The associations were significant between leukocytosis and age groups and between lymphocytosis and residence of children. In contrast, lacking the significant differences between abnormal WBCs parameters and acute malnutrition, and between low WBCs parameters and socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors
Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and In Vitro Anti-lithiatic Effects of Ocimum basilicum Leaves Extracts
No full textBackground: Ocimum basilicum L., commonly referred to as "Reyhan”. It has various pharmacological effects, such as anti-hypertensive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Objective: In the present study, various phytochemical constituents, antioxidant potential, antibacterial activity, and in vitro anti-urolithiasis properties of Ocimum basilicum leaves were investigated.
Methods: Powdered basil leaves were extracted using water, ethanol, methanol, and chloroform by the maceration method. The well-diffusion assay was employed for testing antibacterial activity. Antioxidant capacity was assessed qualitatively by the TLC autography method using two mobile phases and quantitatively by the DPPH radical-scavenging assay using ascorbic acid as a standard. The turbidity method was utilized to assess the anti-urolithiasis efficacy of cystone in vitro.
Results: Phytochemical analysis indicated the existence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, amino acids, lipids, fixed oils, and carbohydrates; however, anthraquinones were absent. All extracts demonstrated antibacterial action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. An aqueous extract showed the widest diameter of inhibition zones, with S. aureus being 18.71 mm, P. aeruginosa 21.65 mm, and E. coli 20.65 mm. However, it showed very negligible action against K. pneumoniae. The qualitative antioxidant test indicated that all the extracts possessed antioxidant properties. Among these, the methanolic extract possessed the maximum quantitative antioxidant activity; vitamin C was used as a positive control. The in vitro anti-urolithiasis assay showed that the chloroform extract exhibited 61.86% inhibition of crystal formation.
Conclusion: Leaves of Ocimum basilicum exhibited marked antioxidant and antibacterial potentials. The plant also exhibited significant anti-urolithiasis property, which justifies its traditional use in herbal medicine
The Internet, the Digital Family, and Family Time: How Do New Communication Technologies Affect Family Relationships? (Case Study: Secondary Schools in Sana\u27a)
No full textبالتوازي مع القضايا العميقة والتحديات المتعددة التي تواجهها مؤسسة الأسرة في الجمهورية اليمنية، فقد أدى انتشار الإنترنت وتقنيات الاتصالات الحديثة في هذه المؤسسة إلى زيادة تعقيد هذه القضايا وزيادة مستوى التحديات التي تعود جزئيًا إلى تحول العلاقات الأسرية في اليمن، وقد تم إجراء هذا البحث المسحي بهدف دراسة العلاقة بين استخدام تقنيات الاتصال الجديدة والعلاقات الأسرية، ويتكوّن مجتمع الدراسة الإحصائي من طلاب المرحلة الثانوية في صنعاء من عدد من المدارس الحكومية والخاصة، وباستخدام أسلوب العينة الطبقية النسبية، اختير (400) منهم كعينة، وأجابوا على الاستبانة، وكان الإطار النظري لهذه الدراسة مزيجًا من نظريات "الأسرة الرقمية" و"حدود الأسرة"، ومن ابتكارات هذا البحث استخدام متغيرين وسيطين، هما الوقت العائلي والأسرة الرقمية، مستوحيان من الإطار النظري للبحث، وأخيرًا تشير نتائج هذا البحث إلى عدم وجود علاقة مباشرة ودالة إحصائيًا بين نوع وكمية استخدام تقنيات الاتصال الجديدة والعلاقات الأسرية، بل تتحقق هذه العلاقة من خلال مسار المتغيرات الوسيطة، وهما وقت الأسرة والأسرة الرقمية، وكان لمتغيري وقت الأسرة والأسرة الرقمية تأثير إيجابي في العلاقات الأسرية بمعاملات بيتا (0.473) و(0.273)على التوالي، وهما قادران عمومًا على تفسير 30 % من تباين متغير العلاقات الأسريةIn parallel with the profound issues and multiple challenges facing the family institution in the Republic of Yemen, the spread of the Internet and modern communication technologies within this institution has increased the complexity of these issues and increased the level of challenges, partly due to the transformation of family relations in Yemen. This survey research was conducted to study the relationship between the use of new communication technologies and family relations. The study population consists of secondary school students in Sana\u27a from a number of public and private schools. Using a proportional stratified sampling method, 400 students were selected as a sample and completed a questionnaire. The theoretical framework for this study is a combination of the "digital family" and "family boundaries" theories. One of the innovations of this research is the use of two mediating variables, family time and digital family, inspired by the theoretical framework of the research. Finally, the results of this research indicate that there is no direct, statistically significant relationship between the type and quantity of use of new communication technologies and family relationships. Rather, this relationship is realized through the path of the mediating variables, family time and digital family. Family time and digital family had a positive impact on family relationships, with beta coefficients of 0.473 and 0.273, respectively. They are generally able to explain 30% of the variance in the family relationships variabl
The Contributions of the OIC to Conflict Resolution between Fatah and Hamas in Palestine: An Investigation
No full textيُعتبر الصراع والخلاف بين حماس وفتح إلى جانب الخلافات السياسية الأوسع في فلسطين، مشكلة خطيرة تهدّد الوحدة الوطنية وأمن الدولة. تتناول هذه الورقة البحثية دور منظمة التعاون الإسلامي في التدخل لمعالجة هذا الصراع، وتبرز أهميتها الأكاديمية في تقييم فاعلية إدارة الصراع الداخلي الفلسطيني. ويتمحور السؤال الرئيس حول ما إذا كان انخراط منظمة التعاون الإسلامي في تسوية الانقسام بين حماس وفتح جوهريًا وفعّالًا أم يقتصر في معظمه على الطابع الشكلي. وتعتمد الدراسة منهجية تحليلية نوعية تجمع بين البيانات الأولية والثانوية، بما في ذلك المقابلات المتعمقة، والوثائق الرسمية، والمقالات العلمية، والتقارير الصحفية. وتُظهر نتائج التحليل الموضوعاتي والمقارن أن دور منظمة التعاون الإسلامي كان جزئيًا وغير كافٍ، ولا سيما من حيث مشاركتها المباشرة في جهود الوساطة. كما أن برامج تسوية النزاع التي نُفّذت بالتعاون مع منظمات دولية وإقليمية أخرى لم تسفر عن نتائج مستدامة تُذكر، باستثناء البيانات الرسمية ودعم اتفاقيات السلام. وتشكل الانقسامات بين الدول الأعضاء، والقيود الهيكلية، والاعتماد على القوى الجيوسياسية تحديات رئيسة تعيق قدرة المنظمة على تحقيق حلول مستدامة. وتخلص الدراسة إلى ضرورة اضطلاع منظمة التعاون الإسلامي بدور أكثر فاعلية في تعزيز الوحدة الفلسطينية من خلال تمكين هياكلها المؤسسية وتعزيز قوتها السياسية، وتسهم في إثراء السياسات المتعلقة بآليات تسوية النزاعات والنقاش الأكاديمي حول حل الصراعات السياسية والأيديولوجيةThe Hamas-Fatah war and the wider political differences in Palestine are a grave problem for national unity and state security. This paper looks at how the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) intervened in this conflict, and it is important to the academic community to assess the success of intra-Palestinian conflict management. The main question is whether OIC involvement in resolving the Hamas-Fatah rift is substantive or mostly nominal. The qualitative analytical methodology incorporates both primary and secondary data, including in-depth interviews, official documents, scholarly articles, and newspaper reports. Thematic and comparative analysis reveal that the OIC\u27s role has been partial and inadequate, with its direct involvement in mediation particularly weak. The conflict-resolution programs carried out in collaboration with other international and regional organizations yielded minimal, sustainable results beyond official declarations and support for peace agreements. Fragmentation among member states, structural limitations, and reliance on geopolitical forces are major challenges to the OIC\u27s ability to realize sustainable solutions. The article suggests that OIC needs to play a more active role in enhancing intra-Palestinian unity by empowering its institutional structures and political power. The study adds to the policies related to the conflict-resolution measures and the academic discussion of inter-political and ideological conflict resolutio
A Comparative analysis of Deep Learning-Aided-NOMA and Multi Carrier-NOMA for 5G Networks and beyond
No full textThis paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of deep learning-aided NOMA and multi-carrier NOMA for 5G networks and beyond. We investigate the performance of both techniques in terms of bit error rate, transmit power, signal-to-noise ratio, achievable capacity, outage probability, and data rate in a MATLAB environment. Simulation results of two techniques were evaluated. Furthermore, a comparative analysis identifies that the DL-NOMA exhibits superior performance in terms of power consumption, outage probability, and bit error rate. The results show that DL-NOMA reduces power consumption by 23.4%, outage probability by 27.6%, and improves bit error rate by 56.4%
Bridging the Tense Gap: A Contrastive Analysis of Translating Present and Past Perfect Simple from Arabic into English
No full textتُشكّل ترجمة الأزمنة والجوانب بين العربية والإنجليزية تحديات مستمرة لمتعلمي اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية، نظرًا للاختلافات البنيوية والدلالية الجوهرية بين اللغتين. تبحث هذه الدراسة في الصعوبات التي يواجهها طلاب الجامعات الناطقون بالعربية عند ترجمة زمن المضارع التام البسيط والماضي التام البسيط من العربية إلى الإنجليزية. باستخدام منهجية بحث وصفية تحليلية مدعومة بتحليل كمي، تفحص الدراسة ترجمات أربعة عشر طالبًا من طلاب السنة الأولى والثانية في تخصص اللغة الإنجليزية بجامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا في تعز. جُمعت البيانات من خلال اختبار ترجمة كتابي يتألف من عشر جمل عربية مصممة لاستخلاص الاستخدامات الوظيفية لأزمنة الماضي التام في اللغة الإنجليزية. تُظهر النتائج أن الاستخدام الخاطئ للأزمنة فاق الاستخدام الصحيح، مما يدل على محدودية إتقان أزمنة الماضي التام في اللغة الإنجليزية. وقد تمثل نمط الخطأ المتكرر في استبدال صيغ الماضي التام بصيغ أبسط، لا سيما الماضي البسيط والمضارع البسيط، مما أدى إلى تشويه العلاقات الزمنية وفقدان المعنى الجانبي. تُعزى هذه الصعوبات إلى غياب المقابلات المباشرة للأزمنة في اللغة العربية، والفهم الجزئي للوظائف الدلالية للأزمنة التامة في اللغة الإنجليزية، وعدم كفاية التدريس القائم على المقارنة والسياق. تُسهم هذه الدراسة بأدلة تجريبية في دراسات اللسانيات المقارنة والترجمة، وتُبرز الحاجة إلى تحسين المناهج التربوية في سياقات تدريس اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبيةTranslating tense and aspect between Arabic and English poses persistent challenges for English as a Foreign Language learners because of fundamental structural and semantic differences between the two languages. This study investigates the difficulties Arabic-speaking university students face when translating the present perfect simple and past perfect simple from Arabic into English. Using a descriptive-analytical research design supported by quantitative analysis, the study examines translations produced by fourteen first- and second-year English majors at the University of Science and Technology, Taiz. Data were collected through a written translation test consisting of ten Arabic sentences designed to elicit functional uses of English perfect tenses. The results show that incorrect tense usage exceeded correct usage, indicating limited mastery of English perfect tenses. A recurrent error pattern involved replacing perfect forms with simpler constructions, particularly the simple past and present simple, leading to distorted temporal relations and loss of aspectual meaning. These difficulties are attributed to the absence of direct tense equivalents in Arabic, partial understanding of the semantic functions of English perfect tenses, and insufficient contrastive and context-based instruction. The study contributes empirical evidence to contrastive linguistics and translation studies and highlights the need for improved pedagogical approaches in EFL context
A Comparative Study between Legally Imported and Smuggled Brands of Bisoprolol and Esomeprazole Tablets Marketed in Aden, Yemen
No full textBackground: While drugs are legally introduced into the Yemeni pharmaceutical market through local agents under supervision of the Ministry of Public Health and Population (MOPHP), the past year has seen a notable increase in the distribution of smuggled drugs.
Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the quality control parameters of both legally imported and smuggled products of bisoprolol (5 mg) and esomeprazole (40 mg) tablets, which are marketed in public pharmacies in Aden, Yemen.
Methods: A hundred tablets from each studied brand were purchased from a community pharmacy, and the quality of the studied brands was assessed through evaluation of weight variation, friability, thickness, diameter, hardness, disintegration, and assay tests, as well as identification of drugs by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrophotometer.
Results: The result of this study showed that both legally imported and smuggled tested tablets of bisoprolol conform with quality control standards except the weight variation test of smuggled bisoprolol failed to agree with pharmacopoeias specifications. Furthermore, the legally imported esomeprazole meets the quality control specifications for the tested parameters except the hardness and disintegration tests, while the smuggled esomeprazole complies with all tests but failed to an agreement with specifications for hardness, disintegration, and assay tests, where the result shows a value of 137%.
Conclusion: These results highlight the variability in quality across different sourcing pathways and underscore the importance of stringent regulatory oversight and routine quality assessment to ensure the safety, efficacy, and consistency of marketed pharmaceutical products
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Medical Science Students at Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: Psychological distress is a major challenge among university students, particularly those in medical sciences, due to high academic and emotional demands. Depression, anxiety, and stress are increasingly recognized as serious concerns affecting students’ well-being and academic performance.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical science students at Aljanad University for Science and Technology in Taiz, Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 students from the departments of nursing, pharmacy, medical laboratories, nutrition, and dentistry. Data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic, academic, and psychosocial variables.
Results: The findings revealed a very high prevalence of psychological distress. All participants reported symptoms of depression and anxiety, while 98.7% experienced stress. Extremely severe anxiety was the most common condition (84.6%), followed by extremely severe depression (40%) and stress (37.6%). Higher levels of distress were significantly associated with younger age, early academic years, insomnia, lack of emotional family support, and difficulties in communication with faculty members. Dental and pharmacy students showed the highest severity levels of anxiety and depression, respectively.
Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent among medical science students at Aljanad University for Science and Technology, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions and supportive academic environments