University of Science and Technology, Yemen (USTY): Journals / جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجي
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Hematological parameters among pregnant and non-pregnant women in Aldalea Governorate, Yemen: A Comparative Study
Full text linkBackground: Complete blood count (CBC) is an essential diagnostic tool for assessing overall health and monitoring physiological changes. Pregnancy induces specific hematological modifications reflecting both physiological adaptations and potential pathological conditions.
Objective: This study aimed to assess hematological parameters among pregnant and non-pregnant women in Aldalea Governorate, Yemen, and to identify significant differences that may affect clinical interpretations.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 women (128 pregnant and 36 non-pregnant) between May and December 2023. CBC analysis was performed using the Sysmex XP-300 hematological analyzer. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests via SPSS version 21, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: Pregnant women exhibited a significantly lower packed cell volume (PCV) compared to non-pregnant women (32.4 ± 4.73% vs. 37 ± 2.41%, p<0.001). Additionally, differential white blood cell analysis revealed a significantly elevated neutrophil percentage (60.3 ± 9.3% vs. 44.3 ± 11.83%, p=0.04) and a significantly reduced lymphocyte percentage (33.8 ± 8.85% vs. 45.1 ± 9.35%, p=0.011) among pregnant women. In contrast, differences in hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, and platelet counts were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that pregnancy in Aldalea is associated with a significant reduction in PCV and marked alterations in white blood cell differentials, indicative of hemodilution and immunological adaptations. These findings underscore the need for establishing region-specific hematological reference intervals for pregnant women to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize clinical management
Thyroid Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Study at the Diabetes Centre, Al-Gamhouria Modern General Hospital, Aden, Yemen
Full text linkيُعد خلل وظائف الغدة الدرقية أحد الاضطرابات الغدية الشائعة بين مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني (T2DM). تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد معدل انتشار خلل وظائف الغدة الدرقية بين مرضى السكري وعلاقته بالعوامل الديموغرافية والسريرية. أُجريت دراسة مقطعية شملت 100 مريض مصاب بالسكري من النوع الثاني، حيث تم تقييم وظائف الغدة الدرقية من خلال قياس مستويات هرمون الغدة الدرقية المحفز (TSH) والثيروكسين الحر (FT4) وثلاثي يودوثيرونين الحر (FT3).
بلغ معدل انتشار خلل وظائف الغدة الدرقية 20%، وكان قصور الغدة الدرقية (18%) هو النوع الأكثر شيوعًا. لم تجد الدراسة فروقًا ذات دلالة إحصائية في العمر أو الجنس بين المرضى الذين يعانون من خلل وظائف الغدة الدرقية والذين لا يعانون منه. ومع ذلك، كانت مستويات هرمون TSH مرتفعة بشكل ملحوظ لدى المرضى الذين يعانون من خلل وظائف الغدة الدرقية (p=0.001).
تؤكد هذه النتائج على أهمية الفحص الروتيني لوظائف الغدة الدرقية لدى مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني لتحسين الكشف المبكر والإدارة السريرية.Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently have thyroid dysfunction, an endocrine condition that requires careful examination. Objective: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among 100 T2DM patients was explored in this cross-sectional study. Method: Thyroid function was assessed using levels of free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Results: The findings showed a 20% prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, with hypothyroidism accounting for 18%. Notably, patients with and without thyroid disease did not differ significantly in terms of age or gender. However, patients with thyroid dysfunction had noticeably higher TSH levels (p=0.001). Conclusion: These results underscore how crucial routine thyroid function testing is for T2DM patients to promote early detection and efficient treatment
Efficacy and Outcomes of Autologous Blood Injection in the Management of Chronic Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation and Symptomatic Subluxation: A Prospective Clinical Study in a Yemeni Population
Full text linkالخلفية
يُعتبر الخلع المتكرر المزمن للمفصل الصدغي الفكي (CRTMJD) وتحت الخلع المصحوب بأعراض (CRTMJSS) من الحالات المرهقة التي تتميز بالإزاحة الأمامية المستمرة لللقمة الفكية من الحفرة الغلينية. تشمل الاستراتيجيات العلاجية الحالية كلاً من الأساليب غير الجراحية والجراحية. تهدف الأساليب التحفظية، مثل تقييد حركة الفك السفلي، حقن البوتوكس، والعوامل المصلبة، إلى تقليل فرط حركة المفصل، بينما تركز التدخلات الجراحية، مثل خياطة الكبسولة واستئصال الجزء البارز من الغلينة، على تحقيق الاستقرار التشريحي (Amer et al., 2021; Sarlabous & Psutka, 2018). ومع ذلك، تحمل هذه الأساليب مخاطر المضاعفات، فترات التعافي المطولة، أو عدم توفرها بسهولة في البيئات ذات الموارد المحدودة.
حقن الدم الذاتي (ABI)، وهو أسلوب علاجي بسيط يتمثل في حقن الدم المستخلص من المريض داخل الحجرات العلوية والسفلية للمفصل والأنسجة المحيطة بالكبسولة، برز كبديل واعد. من خلال تحفيز التليف داخل المفصل، قد يساهم ABI في تقييد الحركة الزائدة للقمة الفكية، على الرغم من أن الآليات الدقيقة التي تكمن وراء هذه العملية لا تزال غير مفهومة بالكامل (Chęciński et al., 2023). تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معالجة الفجوات في الأدلة السريرية من خلال تقييم فعالية وسلامة حقن الدم الذاتي في حالة محددة من المرضى.
هدف الدراسة
الهدف الأساسي من هذا التحقيق هو تقييم الفعالية السريرية والملف السلامة لحقن الدم الذاتي (ABI) كعلاج مستقل لإدارة الخلع المتكرر المزمن للمفصل الصدغي الفكي (CRTMJD) وتحت الخلع المصحوب بأعراض (CRTMJSS).
Background: Persistent, recurring dislocations of the temporomandibular joint (CRTMJD) and related subluxations (CRTMJSS) represent challenging medical conditions marked by repeated displacement of the jaw’s condyle from its socket. Treatment approaches currently span from non-invasive methods to surgical procedures.
Objective: The primary objective of this investigation is to assess the clinical efficacy and safety profile of autologous blood injection (ABI) as a standalone intervention for managing chronic recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation (CRTMJD) and symptomatic subluxation (CRTMJSS).
Method: A prospective single-arm study after receiving ethics clearance. All participants provided written consent before joining the research initiative. Twenty-six patients (5 males, 21 females; age range: 13–51 years) diagnosed with CRTMJD or CRTMJSS via clinical and radiographic evaluation were enrolled. Under local anesthesia (2% lidocaine), 8 mL of autologous blood was aspirated from the cubital vein. Post-procedure, patients were instructed to limit mouth opening (<2 finger widths) for 7 days. No adjunctive therapies (e.g., arthrocentesis, analgesics) were permitted.
Results: The study exhibited a female predominance (80.8%, n=21), with a mean age of 33.3 ± 12.1 years. Bilateral involvement was observed in 65.4% (n=17) of cases. There were no recurrent dislocations reported during the 6-month follow-up period. MMO decreased by 10–20% (pre-intervention: 48.5 ± 6.2 mm vs. post-intervention: 39.8 ± 5.1 mm; p < 0.01). Mean VAS scores declined from 7.2 ± 1.4 to 2.1 ± 0.8 (p < 0.001). Safety Profile: No adverse events, including ankylosis, infection, or hematoma, were documented.
Conclusion: Autologous blood injection (ABI) demonstrated robust efficacy in preventing recurrent TMJ dislocation (100% success rate) and significantly alleviated pain and functional impairment in this study. The observed reduction in mouth opening (10–20%) aligns with proposed mechanisms of capsular fibrosis, though further biomechanical studies are warranted to elucidate the precise pathophysiology. Importantly, the complete lack of complications following treatment highlights how safe ABI is compared to surgical options
Perception and Usage of Filtered Khaini (Shamma Al-HOT) Among University Students in Taiz City, Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Full text linkObjectives: This study explores the prevalence, awareness, and risks associated with using Filter Khaini (Shamma Al-HOT) among university and college students in Taiz, Yemen. It aims to assess the factors influencing its use and propose prevention strategies.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 435 students, analyzing stimulant consumption patterns, awareness of health risks, and motivations for use. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire.
Results: The study found that 29.89% of students used stimulants, with Qat (62.30%) being the most consumed, followed by smoking (16.32%) and Shamma Al-HOT (11.49%). Over half (51.49%) of students had prior knowledge of Shamma Al-HOT, but 67.35% were unaware of its ingredients. Peer influence (17.93%) was a key initiation factor. Most students (54.71%) recognized its health risks, while 21.39% lacked awareness. Reported adverse effects included health issues (40%) and psychological effects (30.12%). Cancer (2.98%) and oral infections were noted risks. While 21.15% wished to quit, 15.86% felt addicted.
Conclusion: The study highlights the urgent need for awareness campaigns, stricter regulations, and accessible treatment centers to combat Shamma Al-HOT use. A multi-sectoral approach involving families, educational institutions, media, and law enforcement is essential for prevention and intervention
Prevalence of Thyroid Cancer in Diyala Province, Iraq
Full text linkBackground: Thyroid cancer is a significant global health concern, with variations in incidence based on demographic and environmental factors.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the incidence of thyroid cancer in Diyala province by analyzing demographic and epidemiological patterns among patients.
Methods: This retrospective observational study, conducted at Baqubah Teaching Hospital in Diyala Governorate from February to December 2024, analyzes demographic and epidemiological patterns of thyroid cancer among 100 patients. The study examines age, gender, and living conditions as potential risk factors using statistical analysis.
Results: The findings indicated a higher prevalence of thyroid cancer in females, who accounted for 72.2% of diagnosed cases. The most affected age group was 41-50 years, followed by 31-40 years, 51-60 years, and <30 years with no cases reported in individuals over 60. Living conditions also played a crucial role, as 88.9% of diagnosed cases were from rural areas, suggesting environmental factors may influence risk. Papillary carcinoma was the most common subtype, comprising 83% of cases, while follicular carcinoma accounted for 17%. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in age distribution between male and female patients, but a significant difference in prevalence between rural and urban dwellers. The findings align with global trends, emphasizing the greater susceptibility of women to thyroid cancer, potentially linked to hormonal influences. The study also underscores the higher incidence in rural populations, possibly due to environmental exposures and healthcare access disparities. Limitations include the retrospective design and gender imbalance in the sample, which may affect generalizability.
Conclusion: This study reinforces the need for targeted screening programs, especially for high-risk groups, and further research into genetic and hormonal factors influencing thyroid cancer development.
Pharmacologic and Clinical Applications of Commonly Administered Medications to Neonates: Focus on Vitamin K, Vitamin D, and Hepatitis B Vaccine Un Updated Review
Full text linkBackground: The neonatal period is highly susceptible, and early pharmacological treatments can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. Three commonly used neonatal interventions—vitamin K, vitamin D, and the hepatitis B vaccine—are highlighted by this review as being pharmacological in nature, clinically used, having recommended doses, and being safe.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library using MeSH terms and keywords (e.g., "vitamin K in neonates"). The literature was restricted to that published in the English language during 2015–2025 and involving human neonates.
Results: Vitamin K: The world standard is intramuscular (IM) injection of 0.5–1 mg at birth to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding, although alternative oral administration is less uniform. Vitamin D: A daily dose of 400 IU is recommended for all neonates, with up to 1,000 IU in preterm or deficient infants, to prevent rickets and hypocalcemia. Hepatitis B vaccine: Early vaccination within 12–24 hours of birth is essential, especially for babies born to HBsAg-positive mothers, who should also receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG). The vaccine is highly effective and safe.
Conclusion: Vitamin K, vitamin D, and the hepatitis B vaccine are essential components of neonatal preventive care. Strengthening health systems, improving parent and healthcare worker education, and increasing access are vital for optimal outcomes
Plasma Dopamine Level as a Biomarker for Pain in Myofascial Temporomandibular Disorders
Full text linkالخلفية: تتميز اضطرابات المفصل الصدغي الفكي الليفي العضلي (M-TMD) بألم مزمن وخلل في عضلات الفك، وغالبًا ما يرتبط ذلك بالتوتر واختلالات كيميائية عصبية. وقد اقتُرح استخدام الدوبامين، وهو ناقل عصبي مسؤول عن تنظيم الألم، كمؤشر حيوي محتمل للألم المرتبط باضطراب المفصل الصدغي الفكي الليفي العضلي. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم مستويات الدوبامين في بلازما الدم لدى مرضى اضطراب المفصل الصدغي الفكي الليفي العضلي مقارنةً بالمجموعة الضابطة الأصحاء، واستكشاف دوره كمؤشر حيوي للألم. الأهداف: كان الهدف الرئيسي هو تقييم مستويات الدوبامين في بلازما الدم لدى مرضى اضطراب المفصل الصدغي الفكي الليفي العضلي وربطها بأعراض الألم السريرية. وشملت الأهداف الثانوية تحليل اختلافات الدوبامين حسب الجنس والعمر والنتائج السريرية. الطرق: أُجريت تجربة سريرية مستقبلية على 50 مشاركًا (25 مريضًا باضطراب المفصل الصدغي الفكي الليفي العضلي و25 من المجموعة الضابطة الأصحاء المتطابقين في العمر والجنس). جُمعت عينات الدم في أنابيب EDTA، وطُردت مركزيًا بسرعة 2000 غرام لمدة 10 دقائق، وحُفظت البلازما عند درجة حرارة -60 درجة مئوية. قُيست مستويات الدوبامين بالنانومول. وسُجلت البيانات السريرية، بما في ذلك العمر والجنس والأعراض ونتائج قياس كثافة المعادن في العظام. وتضمن التحليل الإحصائي مقارنات المتوسطات (اختبار t) وتحليل المجموعات الفرعية حسب الجنس والعمر.
النتائج: كانت مستويات الدوبامين في البلازما أعلى بشكل ملحوظ لدى مرضى M-TMD (المتوسط: 5.01 نانومولار) مقارنةً بالمجموعة الضابطة (المتوسط: 2.53 نانومولار؛ قيمة P < 0.001). كان لدى مرضى M-TMD الإناث مستويات دوبامين أعلى قليلاً (المتوسط: 5.12 نانومولار) من الذكور (المتوسط: 4.89 نانومولار)، وإن لم تكن ذات دلالة إحصائية (قيمة P = 0.23). شملت الأعراض الشائعة لدى مرضى M-TMD صرير الأسنان (44%)، وتيبس الفك الصباحي (40%)، وتوتر الفك المرتبط بالتوتر (56%). أظهر جميع المرضى تسطحًا خفيفًا في اللقمة عند استخدام OPG، ولم يُعثر على أي ارتباط ذي دلالة إحصائية بين مستويات الدوبامين والعمر (r = 0.12، قيمة P = 0.34). الخلاصة: تشير مستويات الدوبامين المرتفعة في البلازما لدى مرضى M-TMD إلى دورها المحتمل كمؤشر حيوي للألم والفيزيولوجيا المرضية المرتبطة بالتوتر. وتدعم النتائج إجراء المزيد من التحقيقات في المسارات الدوبامينية في M-TMD واستراتيجيات العلاج الشخصية التي تستهدف اختلال التوازن الكيميائي العصبي.Background: Myofascial Temporomandibular Disorders (M-TMD) are characterized by chronic pain and dysfunction of the jaw muscles, often linked to stress and neurochemical imbalances. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in pain modulation, has been proposed as a potential biomarker for M-TMD-related pain. This study aimed to evaluate plasma dopamine levels in M-TMD patients compared to healthy controls and explore its role as a pain biomarker.
Objective: The primary objective was to assess plasma dopamine levels in M-TMD patients and correlate them with clinical pain symptoms.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 50 participants (25 M-TMD patients and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls). Blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes, centrifuged at 2000 g for 10 minutes, and plasma was stored at −60°C. Dopamine levels were measured in nM. Clinical data, including age, gender, symptoms, and OPG findings, were recorded. Statistical analysis included mean comparisons (t-test) and subgroup analysis by gender and age.
Results: Plasma dopamine levels were significantly higher in M-TMD patients (mean: 5.01 nM) compared to controls (mean: 2.53 nM; p < 0.001). Female M-TMD patients had slightly higher dopamine levels (mean: 5.12 nM) than males (mean: 4.89 nM), though not statistically significant (p = 0.23). Common symptoms in M-TMD patients included bruxism (44%), morning jaw stiffness (40%), and stress-related jaw tension (56%). All patients exhibited mild condylar flattening on OPG, and no significant correlation was found between dopamine levels and age (r = 0.12, p = 0.34).
Conclusion: Elevated plasma dopamine levels in M-TMD patients suggest its potential role as a biomarker for pain and stress-related pathophysiology. The findings support further investigation into dopaminergic pathways in M-TMD and personalized treatment strategies targeting neurochemical imbalances.
Barriers and Attitudes toward Psychotherapy in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Full text linkBackground: Psychotherapy is a fundamental kind of treatment for people struggling with meager mental well-being for overcoming emotional obstacles and seeking personal development via the use of psychological tools.
Objective: The research explores the barriers to seeking psychotherapy in Pakistan due to the fragile mental health of the population.
Methods: The natives were approached through the cross-sectional study for collecting data specifically from adults 15 years and above from all socioeconomic backgrounds.
Results: 340 responses were collected, in which the ratio of female participants was 82.4% and of male was 17.6%. The most pervasive reasons for high stress levels among people were self-doubt and negative ways of thinking. The findings indicate that a sizable portion of Pakistan\u27s population is coping with mental health problems, but getting professional help is socially stigmatized. Nevertheless, 17.1% of people stated that they had sought the assistance of a counsellor or psychiatrist, and out of that, 95.3% of those surveyed recommended therapy to others facing any psychological issue.
Conclusion: The exploration ends with the conclusion that Pakistani natives are in an utmost need to access mental health, and if not managed, it may lead to social detachment
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Early Marriage among Female Secondary Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Aden, Yemen
Full text linkBackground: Early marriage remains a major challenge in Yemen, which affects development and contradicts human rights.
Objective: The present study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding early marriage among female secondary school students in Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 female secondary school students aged 14–19. Stratified sampling recruited students in the scientific section of grades 10–12. There were structured questionnaires to gather data for demographic, socioeconomic, and thematic variables of early marriage. Analysis was performed using SPSS.
Results: The majority of respondents were unmarried, aged 14–16, and had completed high school or university; nearly 72% had previously been exposed to some information about marriage, and 42% had a family history of underage marriage. 72% of participants believed that early marriage was unfair to girls, and they primarily attributed decision-making to the girls themselves (42%) or their families (38%). The main causes of early marriage were poverty (23%) and customs and traditions (69%), and the most common result was increased divorce rates (80%). The majority of participants (76%) believed that the best way to prevent early marriage is to raise awareness among girls and the general public.
Conclusion: The results highlight the necessity of community awareness campaigns, evidence-based policymaking, and educational interventions that empower teenage girls and aid in reducing the incidence and effects of early marriage in Yemen
Quantifying Dry Matter and Titratable Acidity of Fufu-Mash Using Portable Near-Infrared Spectrometer
Full text linkAbstract— A traditional fermented paste from cassava is called Fufu. Lactic acid bacteria\u27s activity during the fermentation of this product causes unique biochemical changes in cassava starch. The proper retting of the soaked cassava roots results from effective fermentation, which is influenced by the dry matter of the cassava roots and lactic acids. Measuring these traits in the lab takes a lot of time and money. Therefore, this study aimed to use near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to develop calibration models for dry matter and total titratable acidity. Eighty cassava genotypes were processed into Fufu mash. The Fufu mash samples were divided into two groups of seventy Fufu samples each for calibration, and ten Fufu samples for validation to create the calibration model. In addition, the lab analysis of the Fufu mash samples\u27 dry matter content and total titratable acidity produced the reference data. The results showed good coefficients of determination in calibrations (R2cal) and cross-validation (R2cv) for dry matter and total titratable acidity, respectively, of 0.83, 0.65 and 0.93, and 0.57. Thus, enhancing the NIRS calibration models used in this study may be possible and using them as a quick screening tool for cassava breeding initiatives aimed at producing Fufu