University of Science and Technology, Yemen (USTY): Journals / جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجي
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Histochemical Mapping of Mast Cells in Oral Dysplasia: A Window into Carcinogenesis in Rats
Full text link Background: The most common cause of death is cancer. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the initial phase of more than 95% of oral cavity carcinomas. The earliest histological indication of cancer is dysplasia, which occur before squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) forms. The risk of transformation to cancer is greater in dysplasia than in normal oral epithelium. Objectives: To demonstrate the correlation between the mast cell count and oral dysplastic lesions severity. Methods and Materials: the study involve 30 rats who randomly allocated into two groups: control and experimental groups. Formaldehyde and 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were applied topically to the rats\u27 buccal mucosa in order to cause carcinogenesis. Mast cell detection using toluidine blue stain. Results: the mast cell count (MCC) was more significant in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) (high- risk and low- risk dysplasia) than in control and most significantly expressed was in high-risk epithelial dysplasia. Conclusion: As OED severity increased, there was also a significant increase in the number of infiltrating mast cells (MCs). By reducing their tumor-promoting properties, MCs may be a viable target for the treatment of oral premalignant and malignant cancers
Prevalence and Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Hepatitis B Virus Among Dental Students at the University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen
Full text linkIntroduction: Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to be a serious global public health concern, impacting a substantial proportion of the worldwide population. This study investigates the prevalence of HBV and assesses knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among dental students at the University of Science and Technology (UST) in Aden, Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 186 dental students at the University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen. Blood samples were screened for HBV using ELISA, and a pre-tested questionnaire assessed KAP.
Results: A significant majority (89.2%) of participants reported awareness of HBV, indicating a baseline understanding of the infection. Knowledge levels were good (41%), moderate (41.9%), and poor (16.1%). Attitudes were almost positive (64.5%), while practices were poor (31.2%), moderate (54.8%), and good (14%). None of the 142 students who provided blood samples tested positive for HBV.
Conclusion: This study reveals significant knowledge gaps among UST dental students regarding HBV. Despite recognizing the disease\u27s severity, misconceptions persisted. Targeted educational interventions are needed to enhance HBV awareness among future healthcare professionals
Assessment of Nutrition Status for Sudanese Children (6-59 months) Internally Displaced Persons Camps in Kosti, White Nile State, Sudan
Full text linkBackground: Malnutrition among displaced children remains a major public health issue, especially due to the heightened vulnerability of this age group.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of children aged 6–59 months in two displaced camps, Alalgaia and Dababt-Bosin, in East Kosti, White Nile State, Sudan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study and data were collected between December 2023 and January 2024. Data were collected from 110 children and their mothers, using questionnaires that focused on socio-demographic, health, and dietary aspects. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0.
Results: Most mothers (40%) were aged between 18 and 24 years, and 52.7% were illiterate. Approximately 66.1% of the mothers had between 1 and 5 children under the age of five. The majority of fathers (62.7%) were over 30 years old. Nutritional assessments using MUAC showed that 58.2% of children were normal, while 28.2% had moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and 13.6% had severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Based on the prevalence of Z-scores, 42.7% of children were wasted, 37.3% underweight, and 28.2% stunted. Severe forms included 18.2% severely underweight, 14.5% severely wasted, and 10.9% severely stunted, while overweight and obesity were minimal (1.8%). Using BMI-for-age, 54.5% were within normal range, 37.3% had MAM, 6.4% had SAM, and 1.8% were overweight and obese. No significant relationships were found between age of children and MUAC status (p = 0.185) or age group and weight-for-age (p = 0.185). Dietary patterns showed poor meal frequency and limited consumption of fruits, milk, and protein-rich foods, with a reliance on staple items like Kisra, Miakilo, and Acida.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of malnutrition highlights the urgent need for targeted nutritional interventions and healthcare services to improve the well-being of displaced children in these camps
Knowledge and Practice Regarding HBV, HCV, and HIV Infections Among Hairdressers in Aden, Yemen
Full text linkالخلفية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة الاولى من نوعها فيما يتعلق بالمعرفة والممارسات بين الحلاقين حول خمج التهاب الكبد الفيروسي B وC وفيروس نقص المناعة البشري في عدن، اليمن. الهدف: وقد هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد المعرفة والممارسات بين الخلاقين الذكور حول خمج التهاب الكبد الفيروسي B وC وفيروس نقص المناعة البشري وتحديد العلاقة بين درجات المعرفة والممارسات والخصائص الاحتماعية والمهنية وغيرها من الخصائص ذات الصلة في عدن-اليمن. الطريقة: أجريت دراسة ذات مقطع عرضي على عدد 109 حلاق من اماكن حلاقة مختلفة في -. وكان جميعهم من الذكور. تم استخدام استبانة تم تصميمها مسبقًا لجمع البيانات من جميع المشاركين وقد تم إجراء تحليل البيانات باستخدام برنامج ( SPSS الإصدار 21). النتائج: كانت نسب المعرفة بين الخلاقين حول خمج وانتقال التهاب الكبد الفيروسي B وC وفيروس نقص المناعة البشري من 85.3٪ إلى 91.7٪;كما ان حوالي 33.9% و15.6% من المشاركين لم يسمعوا أبدًا عن التطعيم ضد فيروس التهاب الكبد B وخطر هذه الفيروسات على الحلاقين وعملائهم على التوالي. بينما كان ثلاثة وخمسون (48.6%) من الخلاقين يستخدمون شفرات حلاقة أو شفرات معادة الاستخدام بين عملاء مختلفين ولم يتلق 42 (38.5%) منهم لقاحًا ضد فيروس التهاب الكبدB وكانت هناك ارتباطات ذات دلالة احصائية بين المعرفة ومستوى التعليم وعدد العملاء يوميًا في كل محل حلاقة (القيمة الاحتمالبة= 0.004 و 0.001) على التوالي. كما كان هناك أيضًا ارتباط ذات دلالة بين الممارسة ومستوى التعليم وحجم محل الحلاقة بالإضافة الى ارتباط ذلت دلالة نسبية بين الحالة الاجتماعية للحلاقين والممارسة (القيمة الاحتمالية= 0.015 و0.001 و0.06) على التوالي. الاستنتاجات: كان غالبية من الحلاقين على دراية بخطر الإصابة بفيروس التهاب الكبد B و C وفيروس نقص المناعة البشري وطرق انتقال العدوى وخطر أدوات الحلاقة وكذلك التطعيم ضد فيروس التهاب الكبدB وُقد جدت ارتباطاتٌ ذات دلالة إحصائية بين درجة المعرفة والمستوى التعليمي وعدد الزبائن يوميًا. كما كانت الارتباطات ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الممارسة ومستوى التعليم وحجم محل الحلاقة، بالإضافة إلى ارتباطٍ ذي دلالة إحصائية نسبية بين الحالة الاجتماعية للحلاقين والممارسة. وان هناك نسبةٌ كبيرةٌ من الحلقين كانوا يعيدون استخدام أدوات الحلاقة لأكثر من عميل، وهذا الامر يتطلب مراقبةً مباشرة من الجهات ذات العلاقة والمسؤولة لمنع انتشار الأمراض المُعدية.Background: HBV, HCV and HIV infections can cause major health problems commonly caused by global mortality and morbidity. The current study is the first regarding the knowledge and practices among hairdressers about HBV, HCV, and HIV infections in Aden, Yemen.
Objective: It aimed to determine knowledge and the practices among men hairdressers regarding HBV, HCV, and HIV infections and to determine the association between scores of knowledge and the practices and demographic, occupational, and other related characteristics of hairdressers in Aden, Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 109 hairdressers, all of them were males. The predesigned questionnaire was used to collect the data from all participants.
Results: The percentages of knowledge among hairdressers regarding infections and transmission of HBV, HCV, and HIV were from 85.3% to 91.7%. About 33.9% and 15.6% of participants never heard about vaccination against HBV and the risk of these viruses on the hairdressers and their clients, respectively. Fifty-three (48.6%), of the hairdressers, were reused razors or blades between different clients and 42 (38.5%.) of them were not receive a vaccine against HBV. There were significant associations between knowledge and education level and the number of customers per day (p=0.004 and p=0.001), respectively. There was also a significant association between practice and level of education, size of salon as well and a borderline significant association was showed between the marital status of hairdressers and practice (p=0.015, 0.001 and 0.06), respectively.
Conclusion: The majority of hairdressers were aware of the risk of HBV, HCV, and HIV infection and transmission routes, the risk of shaving tools as well as vaccination against HBV. A high percentage of hairdressers have reused shaving tools and this needs direct monitoring by regulatory authorities to prevent the spreading of infectious diseases
Perceptions of Medical Students Toward Cadaver Dissection in the Anatomy Course at Two African Universities
Full text linkBackground: Cadaver dissection remains a cornerstone of medical education, offering unparalleled hands-on experience in anatomical learning. Despite ongoing debates about its emotional impact and relevance in the age of advanced virtual technologies, dissection continues to play a vital role in enhancing anatomical comprehension.
Objective: This study aimed to explore medical students’ perceptions of cadaver dissection.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Medical Sciences and Technology (UMST) in Sudan and the University of Rwanda (UR). A standardized, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from medical and dental students enrolled in gross anatomy courses, including voluntary participants.
Results: A total of 314 students participated, comprising 169 females (53.8%) and 145 males (46.2%), with ages ranging from 16 to 26 years. Over half of the participants (51.9%) were from UMST. The majority (82.8%) were medical students, while 17.2% were dental students. Most students (86.6%) described their first dissection experience as exciting. Additionally, 77.1% reported that dissection enhanced their understanding of anatomy, and 70.5% stated it improved their ability to recall anatomical structures compared to other learning methods. Furthermore, 55.4% preferred dissection over alternative methods, and 82% considered it essential to their medical education. However, challenges were noted: 47.1% had difficulty identifying structures, 74.2% were disturbed by the smell of formalin, and 29.9% experienced anxiety during dissection sessions.
Conclusion: The majority of students valued cadaver dissection as an effective and irreplaceable component of learning anatomy. Despite emotional and sensory challenges such as formalin odor, structural complexity, and anxiety, students demonstrated a strong preference for dissection and expressed respect for the cadaver as a vital educational resource
Computational study of 4-cyclohexylimidazolidin-2-one as a potential corrosion inhibitor for Sn (111) surface
Full text linkTin is a metal that is employed extensively in all human undertakings. Therefore, its deterioration is not surprising. Research has been done all around the world to stop this undesirable corrosive process. Using the most significant density functional theory (DFT) parameters related to the molecular ability of the corrosion inhibitor, such as, energy gap, energy of highest occupied molecular orbital, and energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, as well as issues related to chemical reactions, such as total hardness, softness, electronegativity, and electron fraction transitions from the anti-corrosion molecule to the tin atom, the possibility of 4-cyclohexylimidazolidin-2-one toward the corrosion inhibition on Sn (111) surface was studied. In addition to surface interactions between the inhibitor molecules and the tin surface, Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate. The outcome demonstrated the inhibitor\u27s robust interactions with the Sn (111) surface. These results lay the groundwork for creating environmentally friendly anti-corrosive inhibitors for the tin surface
ENHANCED GRAPH BASED WORD REPRESENTATION FOR BIOMEDICAL NAMED ENTITY RECOGNITION
Full text linkAs the biomedical literature continues to expand rapidly, the significance of extracting biomedical-named entities from this extensive body of work is steadily increasing. Bio-NER presents a greater challenge compared to general entity recognition due to the non-standard use of abbreviations, synonyms, homonyms, ambiguities, and the continual creation of new biomedical entity names. These factors combine to create a significant hurdle in the accurate identification and classification of biomedical entities. The underperformance of machine learning models in biomedical text analysis is primarily attributed to the inadequate representation of these texts through manually created features. In addressing this challenge, this study aims to create enhanced word representation methods to improve biomedical named entity recognition and are based on enhanced graph-based word representation techniques, utilizing machine learning approaches: CRF, SVM, and ensemble learning. These methods are assessed using the well-known GENIA corpus. The results show that SVM, CRF and ensemble learning with morphological, orthographic and context features achieves good results with overall F-measure of (54.6%), (81.87%) and (85.64) respectively. In addition, experimental results also show that enhanced graph-based word representation techniques achieve higher performance with overall F-measures (85.62%), (89.69%) and (91.17) respectively. Results show that proposed graph-based word representations significantly improve the overall performance of CRF, SVM, and ensemble learning over traditional feature representation techniques. In general, results show that word representation is a key factor in constructing a suitable recognition method
Explainable Artificial Intelligence-Based Diagnosis Assistant of Hepatitis C Virus
Full text linkHepatitis C is a liver infection prevalent in developing countries, and early detection of this disease would significantly reduce the mortality rate. Advances in artificial intelligence have led to the development of medical diagnostics systems. However, the decisions gotten from these systems are not easily explainable to the end users. Data preprocessing, including feature scaling and oversampling using Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique, was carried out on HCV data. Seven classifiers—logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, gradient boosting, K-nearest neighbor, and multilayer perceptron (MLP)—were implemented. The models were evaluated, and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) values were employed for model interpretability. MLP with standard scaling has the best performance with an accuracy of 0.97 and a sensitivity and specificity of 1.00. The features with the most influence on the outcome are the albumin test, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase, while sex and cholesterol had the least influence. A web-based diagnosis assistant was deployed for early diagnosis
LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS EXTRACT AND BIO-SYNTHESIZED COPPER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST MOSQUITO VECTORS
Full text linkThis research covers the synthesis and characterization of Cu nanoparticles using leaf extract of Amaranthus hybridus and the larvicidal evaluation of Amaranthus hybridus and Cu nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are an important area in biotechnology that has been attracting interest recently. The bottom-up method of synthesizing nanoparticles using plant extract (green synthesis) was adopted for this study. In this study, copper nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using the leaf extract of African spinach and characterized using various instruments. The FTIR analysis reveals the presence of various functional groups, such as the O-H (hydroxy) group, which was observed at 3363 cm⁻¹; the O=C (carbonyl) group, which appears at 1633 cm⁻¹; the sp³ C-H peak, which appears at 2924 cm⁻¹; C-C at 1014 cm⁻¹; and the Cu-O peak, which was observed at 676 cm⁻¹. A similar peak was not observed on the FTIR of Amaranthus hybridus. The SEM analysis shows crystalline irregular morphology. While the XRD analysis shows a face-centered cubic crystalline (FCC) shape, the size of the Cu nanoparticles was calculated to be 18.61 nm. The larvicidal activity of Amaranthus hybridus shows lethal concentration (LC) against Culex larvae; for the first instar, LC50 was found to be 40.42 mg/L, and LC90 was 82.08 mg/L. Second instar LC50 was 43.75 mg/L, and LC90 was 85.42 mg/L. For third/fourth instar, LC50 was 42.40 mg/L, while LC90 was 82.40 mg/L. Lethal dose/lethal concentration against Anopheles (LC50) for all instars was 32.86, 47.20, and 43.20 mg/L, respectively. LC90 was found to be (70.35, 87.20, 83.20) mg/L. The larvicidal activity of Cu NPs was calculated, and LC50 against Culex was found to be 22.20, 26.05, and 30.97 mg/L, respectively, and LC90 was found to be 42.20, 49.30, and 63.23 mg/L. While the LC50 of Anopheles larvae was found to be (28.84, 36.07, 35.40) mg/L and the LC90 was (52.09, 71.79, 64.60) mg/L, the correlation for both Culex and Anopheles’ larvae was significant for all instars
ON EXTENSIONS OF EXTENDED BETA AND GAUSS HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTIONS WITH THEIR APPLICATIONS
Full text linkتلعب دالة بيتا وامتداداتها دورًا حاسمًا في دراسة الدوال الخاصة، وقد قدم عدد من الباحثين وبحثوا في عدة امتدادات لهذه الدالة المهمة. في هذه الورقة، سنقدم امتدادات لدالة بيتا الممتدة ودالة جاوس فوق الهندسية. ثم سنتناول بعض الخصائص والحصول على التمثيل التكاملي وصيغ الجمع وإقامة علاقة إضافية لدالة بيتا الممتدة المعممة بين هذه الدوال الخاصة الأخرى مثل دالة رايت ودالة فوكس H والدالة فوق الهندسية المعممة.The Beta function and its extensions play a crucial role in the study of some special functions; several researchers have introduced and investigated various extensions of this important function. In this paper we present further extensions of the Beta and the Gauss hypergeometric functions. We also explore some of their properties, derive integral representation, and establish summation formulas. Furthermore, we investigate the relationship between these generalized Beta functions and other special functions, such as the Fox Wright function, Fox\u27s H-function, and generalized hypergeometric function