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Looking Beyond the Dyad: How Transformational Leadership Affects Leader–Member Exchange Quality and Outcomes
No full textDespite the attention given to leadership and its understanding, the overwhelming number of approaches remain focused on one specific theory, resulting in minimal integration across theoretical borders. A leadership typology combining aspects of transformational leadership (TFL) with leader–member exchange (LMX) theory is presented in order to focus attention on the relationship between TFL behaviors and LMX outcomes. The typology demonstrates that LMX outcomes are contingent on context and develop within a richer pattern of behaviors, perceptions, and interactions than typically captured by a focus on dyadic interactions alone. LMX success thus can be seen as the result of a process that co-evolves on the basis of interactions between leaders and followers by means of specific practices and perceptions
An Autoethnographic Approach to Composing Japanese American Music
Get PDFThis study details theory and praxis of one possible process of composing Japanese American music within the larger context of culture constructed to support Asian American political identity. I discuss possible approaches to “Asian American music” as well as the intentions behind three compositions I created within my current conception of it. While I do not posit that all Asian American music must be influenced by traditional Asian musical forms, the process I present in this project draws on studies of the shakuhachi, the Japanese bamboo flute. The compositions are also influenced by autoethnographic reflections I wrote in response to literature on Asian American music and classical Japanese music. I weave my autoethnographic musical compositions through theoretical prose in order to enrich potential emotional connection with all experiencers of this work in a way that would not be possible with musical or academic work alone. I see the creation and dissemination of distinctly Asian American art forms in contrast to orientalized stereotypes as an important aspect of the push to shift societal views and counter racist violence. Therefore, my work contributes to this effort by furthering discourse on methods for composing Asian American music in culturally and historically informed ways
The Prevalence of RED-S Among College Athletes
Get PDFRelative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S) is a phenomenon established by the International Olympic Committee to expand on the previously known condition as the female athlete triad, to include male athletes. Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports is a physiological functioning impairment due to athletes with low energy availability. Low energy occurs when athletes expend more energy (calorie burn with activity) than they consume (daily caloric intake) for an extended period. Leading to alter or impaired physiological function. College is a period where individuals gain their independence. Collegiate student-athletes are learning to juggle multiple aspects of their life. Along with excelling in the classroom, they need to develop physically to perform their sports. The increase of imposed demands as a new student-athlete can impact their performance and overall health if they are too overwhelmed. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of RED-S in junior-college athletes. An online survey through Qualtrics was distributed to head athletic trainers at college institutions nationwide to be shared with their student-athletes. Among the 50 responses, only 43 responses were completed for analysis. Survey responses demonstrated collegiate athletes presented with body-image issues, negative eating habits, and high activity levels. All of the participants reported performing physical activity for at least 2 hours a day, and 18% reported being physically active between 5-6 hours daily. 5% of the participants felt guilty about eating, whereas 12% “sometimes” feel guilty about what they are consuming. Respondents expressed concern about weight gain and issues with body image. Eating disorders are only one spectrum of RED-S. Further investigation such as bone and hormonal analysis will be necessary to fully understand the prevalence of RED-S in collegiate athletics
Evaluating obesity as a risk factor for complications after pediatric adenotonsillectomy
No full textObjectives: To evaluate associations between childhood obesity and post-adenotonsillectomy complications, informing guidelines for postoperative management. Methods: The retrospective review assessed outpatient pediatric tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy cases performed at 2 ambulatory surgery centers in 2020. Complications in the recovery unit and within 2 weeks of surgical discharge were reviewed along with clinical and demographic variables. Obesity was defined as sex-specific body mass index-for-age, or weight-for-age if height data were unavailable, at/above the 95th percentile. The 99th percentile served as the threshold for severe obesity. Analyses used Chi-square/Fisher\u27s exact tests and independent-samples t-tests with relative risk or effect sizes. Results: The review included 707 cases (180 patients with obesity). Overall incidence of complications in the recovery unit was 9.1%. Patients with obesity were significantly more likely to require supplemental blow-by oxygen (P =.02); relative risk was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.16–2.35) times greater in the cohort with obesity. Obesity had a small effect on postoperative oxygen saturation nadirs, which were significantly lower among patients with obesity (d = −0.34; P \u3c.001). No differences emerged between cohorts with and without obesity in the incidence of any other complications before or after surgical discharge. Overall incidence of post-discharge returns was 7.9%. Incidence of complications did not vary by obesity severity. Conclusion: From this cohort, childhood obesity without other significant comorbidities may not warrant routine inpatient care following adenotonsillectomy. Patients with obesity should receive additional monitoring for oxygen desaturation events during the first hours of recovery. Further prospective studies should continue to address this important topic
Integration of Knowledge Management in Digital Healthcare Industries
No full textAlthough digital technologies provide many advantages and opportunities for storing, processing, and sharing information in real-time, disseminating and managing knowledge are critical for value creation. A deeper understanding of the tools and processes as drivers of knowledge creation can also have a significant impact on service quality in the healthcare industry. Knowledge management theories presuppose an essential aspect of knowledge relates to human processing, challenging the technology basis of digital healthcare. Without the ability to leverage digital technologies through knowledge management, the creation of value is minimal. This study provides a conceptual knowledge management digital capability model (KMDCM) in order to enhance digital healthcare performance
The herpetofauna of Tabasco, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status
No full textThe herpetofauna of Tabasco, Mexico, consists of 170 species, including 39 anurans, five caudates, one caecilian, two crocodylians, 111 squamates, and 12 turtles. We catalogued the distribution of these species among the three physiographic regions we recognize in the state: the Gulf Coastal Plain (88 species), the Sierras Bajas de Petén (93 species), and the Sierra Norte de Chiapas (145 species). The individual species are found in either one, two, or all three regions (mean = 1.9). Approximately 68% of the herpetofauna in Tabasco occupies only one or two of the three regions, which is of important conservation significance. The largest number of single-region species is found in the Sierra Norte de Chiapas (50), followed by the Gulf Coastal Plain (12) and the Sierras Bajas de Petén (nine). Coefficient of Biogeographic Resemblance (CBR) calculations indicate that the Sierra Norte de Chiapas and the Sierras Bajas de Petén share the greatest number of species (79), followed by 71 species between the Sierra Norte de Chiapas and the Gulf Coastal Plain, and 61 between the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Sierras Bajas de Petén. Fifty-five species occupy all three regions. A similarity dendrogram based on the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) illustrates that the Sierras Bajas de Petén clusters with the Gulf Coastal Plain at the 0.67 level and the Sierra Norte de Chiapas clusters with the previous pair at the 0.64 level, and overall indicates an intermediate level of similarly. With reference to distributional categories, the greatest number of species is represented by the non-endemic species (146 of 170), followed by the country endemics (20), and the non-natives (five). Of the 146 non-endemic species, the majority (95) are MXCA species (i.e., those found only in Mexico and Central America). The principal environmental threats to the Tabasco herpetofauna are deforestation, agricultural activities, roads, soil contamination and oil extraction, myths and cultural factors (gastronomy), illegal commerce, and forest fires. We evaluated the conservation status of each of the native species by using the SEMARNAT, IUCN, and EVS systems, of which the EVS system provided the most inclusive assessment of the state’s herpetofauna. We also employed the Relative Herpetofaunal Priority (RHP) method to determine the rank order of the three physiographic regions and found the highest values in the Sierra Norte de Chiapas. Most of the protected areas in the state are located in the Gulf Coastal Plain, which is only the second or third most important region from a conservation perspective. Nonetheless, about 95% of the native herpetofauna has been documented within the system of protected areas. Finally, we provide a set of conclusions and recommendations for the future protection of the Tabasco herpetofauna
THE STUDENT EVALUATION OF TEACHING: LET’S BE HONEST–WHO IS TELLING THE TRUTH?
No full textThe student evaluation of teaching is a common practice in the business schools of most colleges and universities. Currently, over 99% of business schools use student evaluations to measure teaching performance, but the honesty of student responses has been questioned. Prior research has indicated that student evaluations can contain answers the students knew were not deserved or purposely false. Given the importance of evaluations in decisions for promotion and faculty tenure, the honesty of student evaluation responses is paramount. Understanding there may be certain characteristics which could predispose students to be less than truthful, this research investigated the influence of consumerism on truthfulness in student evaluations. A survey of 178 undergraduates revealed that about half think of themselves as customers, and that those who think of themselves as customers may be more likely to provide false information on student evaluations
The political economy of Vermont’s abortion bill
No full textPublic choice literature divides the rationality of voting between instrumental and expressive. In this paper, we take the Vermont legislature in passing the H. 57 bill as a case to explain some of the determinants of expressive voting empirically. The H.57 bill declares that no government entity can interfere with, or restrict, a consenting individual’s right to abortion care across the entire gestation period. However, the bill has not changed the previously status quo of the state towards abortion rights. Thus, it creates a situation in which we can analyze the legislator’s voting behavior through the lens of an expressive voting framework. We utilize a high dimensional dataset and post-double-selection LASSO method to explain the channels that influence the expressive voting on the H. 57 bill. We web scrape the lower and upper chamber voting data on H.57 bill and use the 2017 American Community Survey 5-year estimates to retrieve 89 different socioeconomic, housing, and demographic characteristics of State Legislative Districts. Our results suggest channels of poverty, gender, and population diversity are some crucial mechanisms
Vitamin B supplementation for sickle cell disease
No full textObjectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. To assess the effectiveness of vitamin B supplementation in children and adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), compared to no intervention or an alternative vitamin B supplementation given as part of standard care