Azabu University Science Information Repository / 麻布大学学術情報リポジトリ
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民衆信仰の寺院・善光寺と衆生救済思想の考察
Get PDF長野市に現存する善光寺はその縁起により創建の起源にはさまざまな逸話が存在する。秘仏である一光阿弥陀三尊像、上宮厩戸皇子と仏教弘通、信濃國に今でも大きな影響力を持つ諏訪信仰との関係性、また阿弥陀信仰と平安時代より寺院を支える根幹となる衆生救済思想などがある。中でも奈良時代に伝承された大乗仏教の経典で説かれる衆生救済思想と阿弥陀如来への信仰が人々の間に浸透した。一切衆生悉有仏性の考えは衆生の救済の中心となり、精神的支柱を形成したと考える。現代でも人々の信仰をあつめるこの寺院とその思想について総合的に考察をする。The concept of ‘ahinsā’ is one of the most understandable precepts in Buddhist philosophy. This leads to concerns regarding the fundamental value of animal ethics in the present age, considering the importance of all sentient organic life. This precept is deeply associated with the thought of sentient salvation known as ‘Shuujou Kyuusai’. In Japan, the oldest statue of Buddha is considered to be the one known as ‘一光阿弥陀三尊像’, located in the Zenkouji Temple in Nagano prefecture. There are miraculous stories regarding the foundation of this temple, which are closely related to an imperial prince, Umayado, who is thought to have written explanatory discourses for the oldest Buddhist literature imported to Japan in the 6th century. Zenkouji is still supported by numerous people who hope for equality, eternal peace and the health of peoples and the world, and maintain the essence of ethics described in the Buddhist literature. It is important to consider the philosophical ethics of Buddhism, which preach mercy and respect for all sentient beings with Buddha nature.P(論文)総説application/pdfReviewdepartmental bulletin pape
Detection of chicken chapparvovirus 2 in chickens with hemorrhagic hepatitis in Japan
Get PDFChicken chaphamaparvovirus causes diarrheal symptoms and can be detected in fecal samples. This study reports the detection of chicken chapparvovirus 2 in debilitated chickens with hemorrhagic hepatitis at a broiler farm in Japan. After euthanasia and necropsy, liver hemorrhage was observed. Nuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes were identified using histological analysis. High-throughput sequencing analysis using RNA from livers of three affected chickens revealed infection by chicken chapparvovirus 2 and chicken anemia virus. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that all three chickens were positive for chicken chapparvovirus 2, and only one was positive for both chicken chapparvovirus 2 and chicken anemia virus. In conclusion, chicken chapparvovirus 2 causes infection in chickens in Japan and might be involved in hemorrhagic hepatitis.査読ありjournal articl
Approach for the Evaluation of Lake Environments using Major to Trace Elements in the Liver of Micropterus salmoides
Get PDFSixteen major to trace elements (Na, Mg, P, K, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, Pb) in the liver of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) captured at three lakes were determined by ICP-MS and ICP-AES to evaluate largemouth bass as an environmental indicator of lakes and marshes. The concentrations of major to trace elements in largemouth bass liver ranged from 13,100 g g-1 for P to 0.13 g g-1 for Cd and Pb. The concentrations in the livers of largemouth bass samples at Lake Sagami and Lake Shinsei showed that ten elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, and Pb) were different between the two lakes. In addition, six elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, As, Se, and Sr) showed similarities between the lake surface water and largemouth bass liver. A result of a principal-component analysis using the elemental concentrations of 16 major to trace elements in largemouth bass livers for 11 samples at Lake Sagami, for 6 samples at Lake Shinsei, and one sample at Benkeibori moat showed a different tendency. Furthermore, the results using four elements (Fe, As, Rb, and Sr) as indices showed that largemouth bass from each lake could be clearly classified into three groups by plotting in combination with these elements.本研究では， 3 地点の湖沼から採取したオオクチバス（Micropterus salmoides）の肝臓に含まれる主要～微量元素16元素（Na, Mg, P, K, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, Pb）を ICP-MS 法及びICP-AES 法で定量し，それら元素濃度の特徴から，湖沼環境の指標生物としてのオオクチバスの評価を行った。オオクチバス肝臓中の主要～微量元素の濃度は， P の13,100 μg g-1 から Cd， Pb の 0.13μg g-1 までの範囲であった。相模湖11個体と震生湖 6 個体のオオクチバス肝臓中の元素濃度を比較した結果， Mn， Fe， Cu， Zn， As，Se， Rb， Sr， Cd， Pb の10元素で，両湖沼のオオクチバスに差異が見られ，内， Mn， Fe， Cu， As， Se， Sr の 6 元素では，湖沼の表層水とオオクチバス肝臓の平均元素濃度に類似性が認められた。オオクチバス肝臓中の主要～微量元素16元素の元素濃度を用いて主成分分析を行った結果，主成分得点プロットでは，それぞれの湖沼から採取されたオオクチバスにグループ化できた。さらに Fe， As， Rb，Sr の 4 元素を指標とした結果，各湖沼のオオクチバスが，明瞭にグループ化することができた。journal articl
A de novo nonsense variant in the DMD gene associated with X‐linked dystrophin‐deficient muscular dystrophy in a cat
Get PDFAbstract Background: X-linked dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy (MD) is a form of MD caused by variants in the DMD gene. It is a fatal disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles. Hypothesis/Objectives: Identify deleterious genetic variants in DMD by whole- genome sequencing (WGS) using a next-generation sequencer. Animals: One MD-affected cat, its parents, and 354 cats from a breeding colony. Methods: We compared the WGS data of the affected cat with data available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database and searched for candidate high-impact variants by in silico analyses. Next, we confirmed the candidate variants by Sanger sequencing using samples from the parents and cats from the breeding col- ony. We used 2 genome assemblies, the standard felCat9 (from an Abyssinian cat) and the novel AnAms1.0 (from an American Shorthair cat), to evaluate genome assembly differences. Results: We found 2 novel high-impact variants: a 1-bp deletion in felCat9 and an identical nonsense variant in felCat9 and AnAms1.0. Whole genome and Sanger sequencing validation showed that the deletion in felCat9 was a false positive because of misassembly. Among the 357 cats, the nonsense variant was only found in the affected cat, which indicated it was a de novo variant. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: We identified a de novo variant in the affected cat and next-generation sequencing-based genotyping of the whole DMD gene was determined to be necessary for affected cats because the parents of the affected cat did not have the risk variant.journal articl
External quality control survey on identification of microorganisms using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Get PDFAbstract: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry（ MALDI-TOF MS） is a bacterial typing tool that was approved as a medical device in 2011. However, external accuracy control examination of bacterial typing using mass spectrometry is still only performed on a small scale. In this study, E. faecium and S. maltophilia were selected and tested according to established procedures using Score Values at 228 institutions. The Score Values for MALDI Biotyper were 2.43±0.08 for E. faecium and 2.38±0.08 for S. maltophilia; and those for VITEK MS/PRIME were 99.9±0.0 for E. faecium and S. maltophilia. These results suggest that it is useful to evaluate external accuracy control with Score Values using the procedures we have developed.journal articl
Clinical efficacy and tolerability of zonisamide monotherapy in dogs with newly diagnosed idiopathic epilepsy: Prospective open‐label uncontrolled multicenter trial
Get PDFBackground: Zonisamide (ZNS) is a newer generation antiseizure medication (ASM) used to treat epilepsy in dogs and cats. However, scientific and clinical information, particularly regarding monotherapy, is limited.
Objectives: To evaluate the antiseizure efficacy and tolerability of ZNS monotherapy in dogs with newly diagnosed idiopathic epilepsy (IE).
Animals: Study included 56 client-owned dogs newly diagnosed with IE.
Methods: This was a prospective multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled study. All dogs were ASM-naïve and had ≥2 seizures within 12 weeks. Dogs were administered 2.7-14.4 mg/kg ZNS PO q12h and followed up for ≥12 weeks. Data from the 12-week maintenance treatment period were compared with those from the 4- to 12-week pretreatment period for efficacy evaluation. Data from the entire ZNS administration period were used to assess tolerability.
Results: Fifty-six dogs were included in our study. Of the dogs, 53 were assessed for efficacy; 40 (76%) had a ≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency, and 29 (55%) achieved seizure freedom. For 90% of the dogs with ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency, the mean ZNS dose was 4.8 (range, 2.7-8.6) mg/kg q12h and the mean trough plasma ZNS concentration was 18.9 (range, 8.0-48.0) μg/mL. In 7 of the 56 dogs (13%), reduced activity, decreased appetite, vomiting, hindlimb weakness, soft stools, or constipation was observed, albeit mild and temporary. Laboratory tests revealed no relevant changes.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Our study suggests that ZNS monotherapy is effective and well-tolerated in dogs with newly diagnosed IE.journal articl
Omega-3 fatty acids mitigate skin damage caused by ultraviolet-B radiation
Get PDFMice fed a diet containing an adequate amount of ω-3 fatty acids (ω-3 Adq) or a deficient diet (ω-3 Def) were irradiated with ultraviolet-B (UV-B) and were measured daily changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL). TEWL was significantly increased in ω-3 Def mice with repeated UV-B irradiation, but this increase was significantly reduced in ω-3 Adq mice. The epidermal layers revealed thickening of the spinous and basal layers induced by UV-B irradiation in both groups. Moreover, the ω-3 Def mice had a disturbed epidermal structure and a coarser stratum corneum. And the granule cell layer is significantly reduced, and abnormal layer formation (parakeratosis) occurred in the stratum corneum. These results suggest that continuous UV-B irradiation promotes epidermal turnover and leads to epidermal thickening, but ω-3 fatty acids protect the body from UV-B-induced stress.journal articl