International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports (IJPEFS)
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Connection between morphological characteristics and vertical jump stiffness of Female volleyball players
Get PDFResearch was conducted on the sample of 73 female participants, members of volleyball clubs “Jahorina” from Pale and “Student”, aged 10-16 (younger pioneers N=35 and pioneers-cadets N=38). Younger pioneers had been involved in the training process for 1 year whereas pioneer-cadet female participants had been involved in the training process for at least three years. Morphological characteristics were measured on entire sample using the IBP procedure, as well as the vertical jump stiffness assessment using the device ‘Just Jump System’ aim of this research was to determine the connection between anthropometrical variables and jumping performances of female volleyball players. Linear regression analysis results suggest that predictor system of the anthropometrical variables had no statistically significant connection with the criteria in both sub-samples. Common variable in both cases was in very low percentages. Research results suggest that the assessment of muscle strength in explosive motor tasks is independent from the body size and activities of morphological characteristics
Comparison of health benefits between a high intensity interval training and a moderate intensity continuous training when performed in a nonlaboratory setting, in moderately obese women
Get PDFThe objective of this pilot study was to compare the effects of a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and a moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) performed within a fitness center, on various health indices of 49 sedentary and moderately obese women (age 37 ± 7 years; BMI 32 ± 4 kg/m2) randomly assigned to supervised exercise on a cycle ergometer, 3 times/week, during 12 weeks, at 60% (MICT, n=24) or 85% (HIIT, n=25) of their heart rate reserve for weeks 5-12. Anthropometry, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, CRF (2 km-walking test estimated V; O2max), quality of life, QoL (SF-36 Questionnaire), eating behaviors (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, TFEQ) and perceived health (Short Health Perceived Questionnaire, SHPQ) were obtained before and after training from 10 HIIT vs. 13 MICT participants who completed the program. At baseline, both groups showed similar characteristics, except for a better sleep quality (SHPQ) in MICT than in HIIT participants (p<0.005). Increases in CRF (+3 to +5%) and decreases in body weight (-2%) and thus BMI (-2.5 to -4.5%), waist girth (-4%) and fat mass (-6 to - 8%) were comparable (0.0001<p<0.05). The physical component score (SF-36), the cognitive restriction and hunger scores (TFEQ), and the perceived health items (SPHQ) were similarly improved, irrespective of the training mode (0.01<p<0.05). Twelve weeks of either HIIT or MICT led to similar body weight and fat mass losses as well as to comparable improvements in CRF, QoL, eating behaviors and perceived health, in healthy, sedentary and moderately obese women. However, the large dropout in the HIIT (58%; 14 of 24) and MICT (48%; 12 of 25) groups questions the implementation of such training programs within a non-laboratory setting. Further studies are clearly needed to better adapt the conditions of practice to subjects' characteristics and thus promote their long-term adherence to exercise
Physical activity of pupils: Engagement of pupils younger school age in extracurricular sports activities
Get PDFOne of the most important health problems of today's society is hypokinesia accompanied by obesity. The assumption is that reduced physical activity has a large negative impact on the school population. The problem of reduced commitment and involvement of pupils in extracurricular activities is increasingly evident in recent times, which results in a number of negative health effects on the human body of an individual. This study comprised a group of pupils from first to the fourth year of elementary school in Pale (city East Sarajevo, BIH). The total sample consisted of 175 pupils (84 male and 91 female) age 11 to 14±0,5years. As a way of gathering the required information, we used an anonymous questionnaire of the open type in order to collect information about pupils involvement in extracurricular sports activities. The survey was conducted in October 2017 and all the pupils voluntarily participated in the study. Based on the survey results have been obtained the necessary information to reflect the very good of physical activity, of the pupils population. Of the total sample of pupils, the survey confirmed that 100% are physically active pupils. This is an encouraging result because today we have less physically active school children
Daily Fluctuations in Hormonal and Performance Markers in Collegiate Weightlifters
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to assess relationships between daily fluctuations in hormonal and performance markers in weightlifters. Nine male collegiate weightlifters gave daily pre-practice salivary samples for one week and were tested daily for standing broad jump distance; first jump (BJ1) and best jump (BJB) were recorded. Volume-load was heavy on Monday (47%), light on Tuesday (13%), and medium-heavy on Wednesday (40%). To determine if variables differed by day, RM ANOVAs were used with partial-eta squared effect sizes (η2 p) to calculate meaningful changes. RM ANOVA models suggest daily differences occurred for T (F=4.027, p=.024, η2 p =.402), T/C (F=11.735, p=.019, η2 p =.898), and BJ1 (F=6.229, p=.004, η2 p =.509), but not for C (F=1.623, p=.219, η2 p =.213) nor BJB (F=1.088, p=.379, η2 p =.154). Daily fluctuations in BJ1 shared a moderate inverse relationship with daily fluctuations in C (r = -0.42), whereas BJB revealed no association with hormonal markers. T, T/C, and BJ1 appeared to be meaningfully affected by the previous day’s training stress in collegiate weightlifters, suggesting that BJ1 may be indicative of hormonal status and that a one-day reduction in VL may enhance acute athlete readiness
Are internal focuses really useful? A replication study in Basketball
Get PDFTo evaluate the external vs. internal focus during free basketball shots in non-basketball players. For this analysis 49 subjects participated in one baseline and one experimental session. During the baseline session all the participants performed 20 free basketball shots without instructions (Non-Instructions). During the experimental session participants were randomly allocated to one group: Dominant-Group, which performed the free basketball shots with the dominant hand; or a Non-dominant Group, which performed the shots with the non-dominant hand. Both groups performed 20 throws under internal and external focus of attention conditions. In the Dominant-Group internal focus of attention resulted in a higher number of successful shots compared with the external focus condition. Our study does not support previous findings and shows that external focus of attention impairs the performance of free basketball shots with the dominant hand in comparison with internal focus and ¨no instructions¨ conditions, in non-basketball players
A Comparison of Physiological Demand between Self-Propelled and Motorized Treadmill Exercise
Get PDFThere are a wide range of options for individuals to choose from in order to engage in aerobic exercise; from outdoor running to computer controlled and self-propelled treadmills. Recently, self-propelled treadmills have increased in popularity and provide an alternative to a motorized treadmill. Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women) ranging in age from 19-23 with a mean of 20.4 ± 0.8 SD were participants in this study. The subjects visited the laboratory on three occasions. The purpose of the first visit was to familiarize the subject with the self-propelled treadmill (Woodway Curve 3.0). The second visit, subjects were instructed to run on the selfpropelled treadmill for 3km at a self-determined pace. Speed data were collected directly from the self-propelled treadmill. The third visit used speed data collected during the self-propelled treadmill run to create an identically paced 3km run for the subjects to perform on a motorized treadmill (COSMED T150). During both the second and third visit, oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) data were collected with COSMED’s Quark cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) metabolic mixing chamber system. The VO2 mean value for the self-propelled treadmill (44.90 ± 1.65 SE ml/kg/min) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (34.38 ± 1.39 SE ml/kg/min). The mean R value for the self-propelled treadmill (0.91 ± 0.01 SE) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (0.86 ± 0.01 SE). Our study demonstrated that a 3km run on a selfpropelled treadmill does elicit a greater physiological response than a 3km run at on a standard motorized treadmill. Self-propelled treadmills provide a mode of exercise that offers increased training loads and should be considered as an alternative to motorized treadmills
A Comparison of the Technique of the 180° Cutting Maneuver Performed on Grass and on a Hardwood Floo
Get PDFThe 180º cutting maneuver (also known as the 505 drill) is commonly seen in field and court sports, and it consists of a 15 m run up to a turning point, followed by a timed stop and 180º change of direction for 5 m. The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective joint movements, limb velocities and body positions to perform the 180º cutting maneuver. Additionally, the study compared the kinematics of the 505 drill performed indoors while wearing running shoes and outdoors while wearing cleats. For this study, twelve athletes executed the 505 drill indoors while wearing running shoes, and twelve executed the 505 drill outdoors while wearing cleats. Fifty nine independent variables were measured for each athlete and compared to the athlete’s time to complete the test. Mean test time was 2.27 seconds for the indoor group and a significantly lower 2.47 s for the outdoor group. Correlation analysis and forward stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed on both groups to determine which variables were significantly related to test time. Trunk forward lean at push off of the jab leg was most highly correlated to test time for the indoor athletes (r= -0.887), however, flexion at maximum flexion of the jab knee was most highly correlated to test time for the outdoor group (r= - 0.748). Outdoor athletes could benefit from assuming a lower and more flexed body position similar to the indoor athletes and attain a greater degree of trunk lean at jab leg touchdown
Characterizing the Metabolic Intensity and Cardiovascular Demands of Walking Football in Southeast Asian Women
Get PDFGiven that the recent rise in obesity rates throughout Southeast Asia is disproportionately driven by women, part of the regional solution may be to encourage more habitual physical activity within this population. Taking advantage of the regional popularity of walking football, this study sought to characterize the cardiovascular demands and metabolic intensity of Southeast Asian women competing in walking football matches to determine the sports’ suitability for promoting physical health. It was hypothesized that both cardiovascular and metabolic intensity measures (≥65% HR% and ≥3.0 METs, respectively) would meet or exceed established thresholds for improving fitness and health. Methods: Women’s teams from Singapore (Mean±SD: 42±11 yrs age; 29.2±7.0 kg/m2 BMI; n=14) and Malaysia (40±10 yrs age; 32.9±5.7 kg/m2 BMI; n=8) competed in two successive matches within a single day during which measures of heart rate (HR) and GPS (from portable handheld device) were recorded for each player, while relative HR was computed as a percent of each player’s age-predicted maximal HR (HR%, %). The GPS data were later converted to walking distance and metabolic intensity (i.e., metabolic equivalents, or METs). One-sample t-tests at the 0.05 alpha level were used to compare variables to their respective thresholds. Results: Both Malaysian and Singaporean teams had mean relative HRs (91-95% of HRMAX [P=0.008] versus 77-80% of HRMAX [P<0.001], respectively) that exceeded the 65% threshold for improving cardiovascular fitness. Both teams also maintained an average metabolic intensity that was statistically similar to the 3.0 MET threshold that decreases one risk for non-communicable diseases (3.2±0.9 METs [P=0.0510] versus (3.3±1.0 METs [P=0.288], respectively), and both teams walked an average of 2.2-2.4 kms/match. Conclusions: These results support the idea that competitive walking football is of sufficient intensity to promote positive changes in both cardiovascular and metabolic fitness in this population of Southeast Asian women
A brief review of body composition in police workforce
Get PDFIt is evident that success in performing certain police duties undoubtedly depends on the level of certain physical abilities, while good health status is necessary for each employee in police workforce. Tasks performed by police officers can involve chasing fleeing suspects on foot, grappling, wrestling and handling uncooperative belligerents, and carrying injured or unconscious people. Next to the “foot soldiers”, logistics and administration jobs are less physically but mentally very demanding and stressful. In both cases, body composition has twofold importance in physical fitness: performance-related and health-related. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to gather the studies that dealt with body composition in police workforce using various approaches with the aim to make a clearer insight into what has been done so far, and what might be done in the future
Convergent Validity of a Consumer-Grade Accelerometer with a Research-Grade Pedometer in a Physical Education Setting
Get PDFThe cost of activity monitors has substantially reduced in recent years, making them more feasible for use in physical education programs. This study examined the convergent validity of the consumer-grade Movband activity monitor with the research-grade NL-2000 pedometer. The NL-2000 was chosen as the criterion unit because it is unaffected by BMI, pedometer tilt, or waist circumference, and has been recommended for use in research [1]. One hundred and eleven elementary school aged children (53 boys, 58 girls; 9.2 ± 0.7 yr.) from three physical education classes wore an NL-2000 on their right hip and a Movband on each wrist during a 30 minute class in which participants walked or ran on a hiking trail. A repeated measures ANOVA of mean steps indicated a significant difference (p< .001) between the NL-2000 (2411.74 ± 514.87) and the Movband worn on either wrist (left= 1554.33 ± 340.81, right= 1532.26 ± 329.76). Pearson product-moment correlations indicated that NL-2000 steps and Moves were significantly and positively correlated (p< .001; left= .79, right= .85). The correlation coefficient between left and right wrists was .87. In general, the Movband can provide reasonable estimates of physical activity for physical education teachers