International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports (IJPEFS)
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Can Physics Help Athletes Run Faster on a Curve Track
Get PDFSprinting on a curve is slower than sprinting on a straight lane. To explain this phenomenon, various models based on a combination of biological and physical assumptions have been developed. These models depend on detailed parameters that significantly differ for each individual athlete. Here, I propose a general model solely based on kinetic theory of physics that can be universally applied to all athletes. By solving the force and torque equations for the running speed of the athletes on a curved track, I analyze sprinting speeds between the inner and outer curves. Applying the data from the classic works into my models, I find that the results and conclusions are mostly aligned with the previous works while my approach is built on the accurate physics principles and contains no uncontrollable parameters. Further I show how runners can alleviate the centrifugal effect of curved track by tilting their bodies and I quantitatively determine the optimal tilting angle for a given curvatur
Reliability of independent kinetic variables and measures of inter-limb asymmetry associated with bilateral drop-landing performance
Get PDFThe purpose of this investigation was to establish the within-session reliability for peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), time to peak vGRF, and loading rate, both unilaterally and bilaterally, during a droplanding task as well as the reliability of inter-limb asymmetry in peak vGRF. Twenty-two men (age = 22 ± 4 years; height = 180.4 ± 6.1 cm; mass = 77.9 ± 14.0 kg) and 17 women (age = 20.4 ± 3.6 years; height = 164.6 ± 9.4 cm; mass = 60.3 ± 9.8 kg) volunteered for a single testing session. Participants completed three countermovement jumps (CMJ) to establish maximum jump height before performing five bilateral drop-landings from 50%, 100%, and 150% of their maximum CMJ height. The bilateral drop-landing protocol was then repeated after a 10 min recovery. Systematic bias, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV%) and minimal detectable change (MDC) values for each kinetic measurement was calculated for the left and right leg, as well as bilaterally. There was no systematic bias present between trials (P > 0.05). All kinetic measurements showed relative reliability, ranging from large to near perfect (ICC = 0.57–0.95). Absolute reliability ranged considerably depending on the measure and drop-height, with peak vGRF and time to peak GRF showing the greatest reliability at higher drop heights (CV% = 6.6–9.7%). Loading rate for all drop heights demonstrated CV% ranging 13.0–27.6%. Furthermore, MDC values for inter-limb asymmetries in peak vGRF ranged between 14.5–16.2% for all drop heights. Overall, many of the kinetic measurements evaluated were sufficiently reliable to detect typical changes in bilateral drop-landing performance when greater drop heights were used
The Effects of Innovative Shotgun Shooting Methods on Collegiate Shotgun Shooters
Get PDFSporting activities are classified according to movement demands and can be categorized as either dynamic or static actions. Many events exist within the discipline of “shooting sports”, and dynamic and static demands vary drastically among those events. However, consideration for differences in movement demands is frequently disregarded in shooting sports; common practice protocol encourages shooters to utilize static shooting techniques for all shooting sport events. In particular, shooting techniques for shotgun shooting, a dynamic sporting event, regularly align with rifle shooting (static activity) methods. Innovative dynamic shotgun shooting techniques have recently been developed, however, no previous studies have examined the outcomes of employing these dynamic techniques. Therefore, the current research investigated the effects of innovative shotgun shooting methods on collegiate shotgun shooters (n=38). Pre and post trap and skeet scores were collected at a certified International Shooting Sport Federation and USA Shooting competition field. Upon completion of pre-test shooting, subjects participated in an Optimum Shooting Performance (OSP) intervention that outlined innovative dynamic shooting and practice techniques. Post-test shooting scores were collected after 2-weeks of OSP practice. A paired sample t test identified statistically significant improvements for trap shooting scores (t[32] = 2.82, p = .008, 95% CI [0.431, 2.660], d = .49), skeet shooting scores (t[32] = 2.59, p = .01, 95% CI [0.436, 3.625], d = .45), and total shooting (sum score of trap and skeet tests) scores (t[32] = 3.37, p = .002, 95% CI [1.417, 5.734], d = .59). These results suggest that learning and utilizing the OSP methods significantly increased the shooting performance of college shotgun shooters
Sporting events among the disabled between excellence and ideal in motor performance
Get PDFThe identification of mechanical variables in the motor performance trajectory has a prominent role in improving skill performance, error-exceeding, it contributes seriously to solving some problems of learning and training. The study Aims to highlight the indicators of motor performance for Paralympic athletes during the practicing sports between modelling and between excellences in motor performance, this by taking into account the distinction of athlete practicing with special behavioural skills for the Paralympic athletes. In the study we relied on the analysis of some previous research of biomechanical performance indicators during some of the events sports (shooting activities in the Paralympic athletics, shooting skill in the wheelchair basketball). The results of the study highlight the distinction of disabled practitioners of sporting events identified in motor performance during practice, by overcoming some physics indicators in human movement, as a lower centre of body weight, Increase in offset distance, such resistance which requires them to redouble their efforts. However, the results of the study highlighted the strength of the correlation between biomechanical variables of motor performance and the digital level achievement similar to the other practitioners normal
Effect of a-Week Summer Camp on the Hopelessness and Self-Esteem of the University Students Attending Sport Sciences Faculty
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of participation in a 1-week summer camp on the hopelessness and self-esteem of the university students attending Sport Sciences Faculty. Participants were 36 university students assigned to experiment group using a random procedure. Coopersmith Self-esteem and Beck Hopelessness Scales were completed at the beginning and end of the summer camp by designed the university. The obtained data were analysed in the SPSS 18.0 program and the significance level was taken as 0.05. The descriptive statistics, independent simple t test, paired simple t test and Pearson correlation were used for analyse the data in the study. According to the results of the research, no significant difference was observed in the comparison of the hopelessness and self-esteem levels between pre and post-test. In addition, there was a significant difference in the hopelessness level of male and female students but any significant difference was not observed in terms of self-esteem. There was a significant relationship between hopelessness and self-esteem pre and post-test. These result shows that a 1-week summer camp cannot change the hopelessness or self-esteem level. However, as the self-esteem rises, the rate of despair decreases whereas as the despair rises, the selfesteem decreases
Neuromuscular and Bounce Drop-Jump Responses to Different Inter-Repetition Rest Intervals during A Composite Training Session in Hurling Players
Get PDFThe purposes of this study were to a) compare a 4-min to an 8-min rest interval between composite training (jump-sprint combination) repetitions in a single session to allow for the recovery of neuromuscular and bounce drop-jump (BDJ) performance and b) investigate if super compensation would occur after 168hrs of rest. Twelve players were randomly assigned to either a 4-min or an 8-min rest interval group. Participants first completed a BDJ test to identify individual BDJ drop heights followed by a 20m sprint test. Seventy-two hours later, a composite training session of two repetitions (three BDJs followed by a 20m sprint after a 15s rest) with either a 4-min or an 8-min rest interval was performed. A three repetition maximum (3RM) back squat strength test, a BDJ, countermovement jump (CMJ) and a sprint performance test were completed 10-mins pre- and immediately post-session, and 168 hrs post-session. CMJ force (8-min group) and BDJ (height and reactive strength index (RSI)) measures decreased significantly post-session (4-min and 8-min groups; P ≤ 0.05). Presession to 168 hrs post-session, relative 3RM back squat strength and 20m sprint performance increased significantly for the 4-min group only (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, a 4-min composite training inter-repetition rest interval leads to a significant decline in BDJ measures (RSI and jump height) which may act as fatigue markers for monitoring. However, 4-mins provides sufficient recovery during the session which, in conjunction with 168 hrs of recovery, causes super compensation in neuromuscular performance in hurling players
The relationship between occupational burnout levels of job satisfaction of Physical Education Teachers in the case of Mugla Province
Get PDFPurpose of the research; To determine whether occupational burnout levels of physical education teachers differ from their demographic characteristics and to question the relationship between physical education teachers' job satisfaction and occupational burnout levels, if relevant, to reveal the effect on occupational burnout level. The model of the research is causal comparative and relational screening. The research universities constitute 406 physical education teachers who work in the provinces and districts of Muğla and the sample is 76 physical education teachers who participate voluntarily. The obtained data were subjected to normality test. Nonparametric test statistic was used when determining the difference between the groups because the data were not distributed normally. The Kruskall Wallis and Mann Whitney-U test at 0.05 significance level was used to determine the difference between the demographic characteristics of the physical education teachers and the levels of occupational burnout. The relationship between job satisfaction and occupational burnout levels of physical education teachers was determined by correlation analysis at the significance level of 0.01. Because of the relationship between two variables; A regression analysis of the significance level of 0.01 was used to determine the effects of physical education teachers' job satisfaction levels on their occupational burnout levels. According to research findings; there is a significant difference between the seniority years of physical education teachers and the average levels of emotional exhaustion and personal achievement levels. Physical education teachers with 11-15 years of seniority have higher levels of emotional exhaustion and personal success than others. There is a positive relationship between physical education teachers' job satisfaction and occupational burnout levels. As levels of job satisfaction increase, occupational burnout levels decline. This effect is; 15.9% (R2 = 0.155) in the dimension of emotional exhaustion and 15.7% (R2 = 0.157) in the personal achievement dimension
Sports for all and its role for maintenance and promotion of physical fitness and wellness
Get PDFSports are the physical activities that named according to their respective ways of playing. There is a misleading concept regarding sports that only players can participate in physical or sports activities. But the true is that as the science and technology has made individual to rely on machines, its becomes necessary for all to take part in any kind of physical and sports activities to escape one from the hypo kinetic disorders and to keep physical fitness and wellness. This study has analyzed the role of sports in relation to maintain and promote physical fitness and wellness
Monitoring Workload and Performance Response to Taekwondo Training
Get PDFThis study compared the association between Foster’s and Banister’s TRIMP methods for quantifying internal training load and training stimuli responses. Methods: A group of twenty-two Taekwondo competitors were divided by gender and level of expertise. The athletes practiced three different types of exercises to develop the following skills: a) speed, b) power, and c) aerobic power. Results: A significant correlation was obtained between the Foster’s and Banister’s TRIMP methods for developing aerobic capacity (r = 0.60, p = 0.004) and power (r = 0.52, p = 0.014). No significant correlation was suggested between training methods and speed training (r = 0.20, p = 0.377). Conclusion: Lactate and heart rate responses to different types of exercises suggested the need for aerobic and anaerobic-based training sessions. The use of rating of perceived exertion scale-based measurements to monitor workload is recommended for Taekwondo competitors
The Effect of Fluid Consumption and Exercise on Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance
Get PDFBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a simple, non-invasive technique to determine body composition. The fundamental principle of determining body composition via bioelectrical impedance is to determine the resistance to, or conductance of, a low voltage current applied to biological tissue. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is well correlated to total body water. Bioelectrical impedance is sensitive to fluid shifts namely changes in blood flow, changes in electrolyte concentration, and changes in hydration status and consequently bioelectrical impedance has been used as a tool to measure such changes. Thirty college-aged students, 18-25 years old, 18 men and 12 women were subjects for this study. Bioelectrical impedance was determined with the Tanita BC-418 at two time points. Subjects were instructed to drink 490ml of water then exercised on the treadmill for 30mins. Our results show a significant decrease in resistance in both the sum of the upper limbs and the sum of the lower limbs indicating a fluid shift that is related to the fluid consumed by the subjects, but independent of tonicity