Rzeszów University
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Prospects for the renaissance of the Weimar Triangle and its activities after Russia's aggression against Ukraine
No full textNiniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest tzw. Trójkątowi Weimarskiemu utworzonemu w 1991 roku, czyli nieformalnej grupie państw, którą tworzą Polska, Niemcy i Francja. Ukazuje genezę, sukcesy i niepowodzenia oraz jego działalność i perspektywy renesansu po agresji Rosji na Ukrainę 24 lutego 2022 roku. Trójkąt Weimarski powstał w trudnym momencie dla Polski i Europy, tzn. po zjednoczeniu Niemiec 3 października 1990 roku, ale przed rozpadem Związku Sowieckiego w grudniu 1991 roku, który miał negatywny stosunek do transformacji ustrojowej w Polsce rozpoczętej w czerwcu 1989 roku i jej euroatlantyckich aspiracji. Podobny, wrogi stosunek do euroatlantyckich aspiracji Ukrainy ma Federacja Rosyjska pod rządami Władimira Putina, który m.in. po to zaatakował ten suwerenny kraj, aby udaremnić mu akcesję do Unii Europejskiej i NATO. W artykule tym staram się zweryfikować hipotezę, że Trójkąt Weimarski to jeden z największych sukcesów polityki zagranicznej Polski po 1989 roku, której głównym celem była akcesja do struktur euroatlantyckich, aby w ten sposób zapewnić suwerenność i umocnić nasze bezpieczeństwo. Stwierdzam, że Trójkąt Weimarski spełnił tu swoją rolę. Ponadto uważam, że może on odegrać podobną rolę w przypadku starań Ukrainy o członkostwo w strukturach euroatlantyckich. W związku z tym niezbędny jest jego renesans, a akceleratorem tego procesu jest tocząca się od ponad dwóch lat wojna w Ukrainie. Poza tym stwierdzam, że biorąc pod uwagę komplikującą się dziś sytuację międzynarodową, Trójkąt Weimarski powinien aktywniej działać i odgrywać większą rolę w polityce zagranicznej Polski, Niemiec i Francji oraz Unii Europejskiej. Powinien też podejmować konkretne działania na rzecz zakończenia wojny rosyjsko-ukraińskiej i akcesji Ukrainy do Unii Europejskiej i NATO.This article is devoted to the so-called Weimar Triangle created in 1991, i.e. an informal group of countries consisting of Poland, Germany and France. It shows its origins, successes and failures, as well as its activities and prospects for the renaissance after Russia's aggression against Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The Weimar Triangle was created at a difficult time for Polish and Europe, i.e. after the reunification of Germany on 3 October 1990, but before the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991, which had a negative attitude towards the political transformation in Poland, which began in June 1989, and its Euro-Atlantic aspirations. The Russian Federation under the rule of Vladimir Putin has a similarly hostile attitude towards Ukraine's Euro-Atlantic aspirations, and he attacked this sovereign country in order to prevent it from joining the European Union and NATO. In this article I try to verify the hypothesis that the Weimar Triangle is one of the greatest successes of Polish's foreign policy after 1989, whose main goal was accession to Euro-Atlantic structures in order to ensure our sovereignty and strengthen our security. I would like to say that the Weimar Triangle has served its purpose here. Moreover, I believe that it can play a similar role in Ukraine's efforts to become a member of the Euro-Atlantic structures. Therefore, its renaissance is necessary, and the accelerator of this process is the war in Ukraine, which has been going on for almost two years. Furthermore, I would like to state that, given the increasingly complicated international situation today, the Weimar Triangle should once again operate and play an important role in the foreig policy of Polish, Germany, France and the European Union. It may also play an important role in ending the Russia-Ukraine war and Ukraine's accession to the European Union and NATO
Acne vulgaris during pregnancy – management ensuring both maternal and fetal safety
No full textIntroduction and aim. Acne vulgaris represents a condition commonly encountered by women during pregnancy. However, its treatment becomes particularly demanding when occurring during gestation. The aim of this review is to present multiple strategies for management of acne in pregnant women, prioritizing both maternal and fetal safety.
Material and methods. Review and analysis of the scientific literature available in November and December 2023.
Analysis of literature. The study describes commonly used topical treatments and oral medications emphasizing difficulty and responsibility of assessing the safety of drug use during pregnancy. Apart from that, the importance of skin care is stressed with a focus on usage appropriate to the condition and pregnancy-safe cosmetics. The influence of diet and physical activity on acne development is also underlined, as well as the significant association between acne and mental health.
Conclusion. Dealing with acne during pregnancy might be difficult; however, there are effective and safe acne treatments suitable for pregnant women, along with various supportive approaches. Considering above, the authors highlight a holistic nature of acne management that includes not just medication but also procedural interventions, skin care practices, diet, physical activity, and psychological support
Metamorphoses for Piano by Edward Sielicki – in the Shackles of Postmodernity and in the Light of Polish Piano Variations after 1989
No full textThe article describes Edward Sielicki's Metamorfozy in the light of Polish piano variations written after 1989 and in the context of the concept of postmodernism. The composer (born in 1956) belongs to the generation of artists born in the 1950s. Generally, it is akin to the „Stalowa Wola generation”. Metamorfozy, created in 2013/2017, are close to the variational form, although they are not directly variations. In the music material, Sielicki used, in a processed manner, motifs taken from, among others, from the Prelude in B flat minor, Op. 28 No. 16 and the Etude in A flat major, Op. 25 No. 1 by Chopin and the Prelude in A minor, Op. 32 No. 8 of Rachmaninoff. He deformed them, blending them into the sound material of his own invention. The way of using the set material brings Metamorfozy closer to postmodern aesthetics with such categories as allusiveness, grotesque, viewing oneself and others' creativity in the „crooked mirror”
An early medieval horseshoe-shaped fibula from Koprzywnica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. A contribution to the study of contacts between the Sandomierz Land and Eastern Europe in the 11th century
No full textZapinka podkowiasta znaleziona w Koprzywnicy potwierdza nie tylko istnienie bliskich kontaktów handlowych, kulturowych i politycznych Ziemi Sandomierskiej z Europą Wschodnią we wczesnym średniowieczu, poświadczonych również źródłami o innym charakterze (por. Florek 2019), ale wydaje się również stanowić kolejną przesłankę, wskazującą na udział przybyszy z terenów średniowiecznej Rusi w organizacji struktur państwa piastowskiego na jego terenie w XI w.In the 1990s, a horseshoe-shaped fibula, made of copper and probably originally silver-plated, was accidentally discovered in the area of Koprzywnica. The fibula has a body in the form of an open ring with non-touching ends, with a flat pin mounted on it. The body, made of thick wire with a circular cross-section, was twisted multiple times around its axis. At the perpendicularly bent ends of the body (relative to its plane) there are two flat, round discs decorated with incised lines forming quadrangles with two diagonals, and with punched circles in the corners and in the centres of the quadrangles. The pin, cut from thick sheet metal, is flat, relatively narrow, and rectangular in cross-section, only widening at the part wound around the body. It is decorated with ornamentation consisting of incised lines as well as punched dots, circles, and short dashes.
Horseshoe-shaped fibulae, made of iron, copper and its alloys, lead-tin alloys, or silver, were particularly popular in the Early Middle Ages among Baltic and Finno-Ugric peoples living on the southern shores of the Baltic Sea and in the areas of northeastern Rus’ and Scandinavia. They are much rarer in the territory of Western Slavs. The number of published items coming from present-day Polish lands (excluding areas that were part of the Rurikids’ state in the Middle Ages) does not exceed 100.
The fibula found in Koprzywnica shows many specific features: large size, twisted body ending with flat discs set parallel to its plane, rich decoration of the discs and the pin. Among the finds from Polish lands, including those that belonged to Rus’ in the Middle Ages, there are no direct analogies. Due to the way the body arms are finished, the fibula is most similar to the horseshoe-shaped fibulae with nailshaped ends (in the shape of a nail head) known from the Veliky Novgorod area and its surroundings. There, the twisting (multiple turning) of the body and a similar method of decorating the body ends and the pin are often found. Almost identical to the specimen from Koprzywnica is, for example, a fibula discovered in the village of Rabititsy (Рабитицы), located south of St. Petersburg.
Taking into account the presented analogies, the fibula from Koprzywnica should most probably be considered a product originating from the Early Medieval Slavic-Baltic-Finnic borderland in the area of Veliky Novgorod and dated to the 11th century.
From the territory of the historic Medieval Sandomierz Land, 15 horseshoe-shaped fibulae are currently known. They were discovered: in cemeteries in Końskie, Końskie district; Sandomierz (2 items); Radom (2 items); and Wiślica (2 items); as well as settlements at Czwartek in Lublin, Wzgórze Staromiejskie in Sandomierz, Koprzywnica (Sandomierz district), Zawichost-Trójca (Sandomierz district, 2 items), Brzezie (Opatów district), Wojnowice (Ostrowiec district), and at the hillfort in Szczaworyż (Busko district). Apart from the items from Koprzywnica, and from settlements at Wzgórze Staromiejskie in Sandomierz and in Wojnowice, all the others represent the most common and long-lasting type with rolled (loop-shaped) ends of the body.
Although horseshoe-shaped fibulae in the area of the Sandomierz Land could theoretically have appeared as early as the 9th century (Szczaworyż, possibly Lublin-Czwartek), it seems that they (at least the majority of them) originate from the end of the 10th century and the 11th century, that is, from the period immediately following the incorporation of these lands into the Piast state, which is believed to have occurred around 970 AD. Assuming, as it has been increasingly emphasized in recent scholarship, that horseshoe-shaped fibulae were a foreign element to West Slavic outfit, they should be viewed as items that came to the Sandomierz Land along with people who arrived from areas where such fibulae were used and popular, that is, from northeastern Europe, most likely from the part that was included in early medieval Rus’. In both graves from Sandomierz, dated to the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries where horseshoe-shaped fibulae were found, they were accompanied by items with clear East European analogues or even originated from those areas. The potential East European (early medieval Rus’) origin of one of the deceased, in whose grave a horseshoe fibula was found, is also indicated by the results of specialist analyses of the skeletal remains. The presence of newcomers from Eastern Europe in the vicinity of Sandomierz at the end of the 10th century and in the 11th century, as well as later, in the 12th century, is confirmed by finds belonging to a range of other categories of artefacts: ornaments, outfit elements, military items, and objects related to trade. These could have been merchants arriving from those areas or - what seems more likely in the light of the discoveries in Sandomierz, Daromin, and Ruszcza Płaszczyzna – armed men, members of the ducal retinue of the first two historical Piasts (Mieszko and his son Bolesław), or persons organizing and subsequently exercising local authority on their behalf. It cannot be excluded that there were also newcomers from Rus’ supporting Casimir the Restorer in the restitution of his rule after the crisis of the Piast monarchy in the 1030s
Caring and therapeutic services – a patient’s opinion on experience and satisfaction with night nursing care
No full textThe study was conducted pursuant to the approval of the Bioethics Committee at the University of Rzeszów No. 04/12/2015, dated 2 December 2015.Introduction and aim. Night nursing care ensures well-being, peace, and security allowing a patient to enter into the deep sleep phase. This study aims to analyze the relationship between an assessment of caring and therapeutic services and the opinion of in-patients on their experience and satisfaction with night nursing care.
Material and methods. A questionnaire developed by the authors and the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale were used in this study. This study was conducted in the eastern region of Poland in the Podkarpackie province. The study included 585 patients.
Results. Tasks analyzed resulting from care and therapeutic functions, in the patient’s opinion, had a significant impact on the overall assessment of nursing care. Meeting the expectations regarding night rest (experience of nursing care) and satisfaction showed the strongest correlation. Tasks resulting from therapeutic functions showed an average correlation with the exception of planned medical care.
Conclusion. The level of implemented health services by nurses at night significantly influences the overall assessment of the quality management system in health care
Assessment of preoperative anxiety and negative automatic thoughts in patients waiting for corneal transplantation
No full textThe study received ethical approval from Mardin Artuklu University Ethics Committee. Decision date and number: 07.01.2022/21.Introduction and aim. In patients waiting for organ transplantation, increased waiting time can increase anxiety by creating negative automatic thoughts. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between corneal transplant recipients’ negative automatic thoughts and anxiety before organ transplantation.
Material and methods. The population of this correlational descriptive study consisted of 108 patients waiting for cornea transplantation in the Eye Bank unit of a hospital in the south east region of Türkiye. The data were obtained from the patients presented to the ophthalmology clinic for transplantation between September and December 2022. A patient information form, the Negative Automatic Thoughts Scale, and the Trait Anxiety Scale were used to collect the data. Percentage distribution, arithmetic mean, logistic regression and correlation analysis were used in the data analysis.
Results. It was determined that the mean score of the negative automatic thoughts of the transplant patients participating in the study was 100.69±47.83, and the trait anxiety mean score was 53.06±6.07. There was a positive relationship between neg ative automatic thoughts and trait anxiety at a moderate level, which was statistically significant (p<0.05, r=0.53).
Conclusion. It was determined in the study that the patients’ negative automatic thoughts and trait anxiety were high, and their anxiety increased as the negative automatic thoughts increased
Therapeutic advantages of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients with schizophrenia – a systematic review
No full textIntroduction and aim. In patients with schizophrenia, omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) treatment was found to ameliorate the cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory problems caused by antipsychotic medication and even reduce the need for medication by 20%. In this study, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation in patients with schizophrenia.
Material and methods. The PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting this systematic review. The Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched electronically. The first search yielded 50 papers in total. Subse quently, 43 publications that did not meet our eligibility requirements were removed, and seven articles were selected.
Analysis of the literature. The analysis showed that n-3 PUFA supplementation and the placebo group both decreased their psychotic (PANSS and GAF scales) and Calgary Depression Scale symptomatology and boosted their functional ability (GAF) when used as an adjuvant to antipsychotic medication. When administered as a monotherapy with a metabolic antioxidant, n-3 PUFA supplementation proved beneficial for treating schizophrenia. In patients with schizophrenia, n-3 PUFAs have thera peutic benefits as adjuvant treatments to medications, although not for different variables or patient groups.
Conclusion. In many studies, patients with chronic schizophrenia who received n-3 PUFA supplementation showed no improvement in their clinical condition
Instruments in the Liturgy of Catholic Churches in the Districts of the Tarnopol Region in Ukraine
No full textThe article systematizes information about unpreserved organs of the Ternopil region, primarily in the Bereżany and Ternopil districts. The period of the beginning of the Roman Catholic confession in Ukraine and the Ternopil region is described. A list of musical instruments in all parishes of both districts is provided. It was established that the oldest instrument was the organ from 1627 in the town of Zborów in the parish church of St. Anna
Having a man-to-man talk – stereotype of a man and masculinity contained in idioms
No full textArticle concerns stereotype of a man, masculinity which is contained in Polish idioms. This paper includes information about stereotype’s theory and general imagine of man. It also comprehends information about idioms and their role in stereotype’s forming. In next part of article there is analysis of examples of Polish idioms about man, masculinity, father and husband. Article is summarised with conclusions
Zagrożony rozwój wschodniej Polski? – Rola uniwersytetów w absorpcji kapitału ludzkiego
No full textThe aim of the article was to determine the role of universities in “attracting” human capital to selected geographical areas, as well as to indicate recommendations in the area of university marketing.
Assuming that the most important factor in the sustainability of socio-economic development is human capital, it was concluded that the development of Polish regions will depend on the ability of universities to acquire human capital both from within a given voivodeship, and the ability to compete with other academic units for secondary school graduates in the country. The need for competition results directly from demographic changes, which lead to a reduction in the rate of population growth in regions.
Spatially, on a theoretical basis, the studied entities will be the capitals of the voivodeships of eastern Poland, i.e. Olsztyn, Białystok, Lublin, Rzeszów. Due to their location, peripherality compared to the EU and Poland, and the level of socio-economic development, they are model examples of areas subject to the loss of human capital.
During the work, a review of Polish and foreign-language literature was used to verify the assumption about the essence of higher education among the endogenous factors of regional development. Then, based on statistical studies, including: The Central Statistical Office and the relevant Ministries, the author compared research entities and the local government units in which they are located. Surveys and interviews allowed for the assessment of young people's mobility.
It was found that universities play a key role in the absorption of human capital with a relatively high tendency to migrate. Additionally, recommendations were prepared regarding the scope of university promotion to meet the expectations of high school graduates as much as possible.Celem artykułu było określenie roli, jaką pełni uniwersytet w ogóle czynników „przyciągania” kapitału ludzkiego do wybranych obszarów geograficznych, jak również wskazanie rekomendacji z zakresu marketingu uczelni.
Zakładając, że najważniejszym czynnikiem trwałości rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego jest kapitał ludzki założono, iż rozwój polskich regionów będzie zależał od zdolności uniwersytetów do pozyskiwania kapitału ludzkiego zarówno z obszaru danego województwa, jak i zdolności do rywalizacji z innymi jednostkami akademickimi o absolwentów szkół średnich w kraju. Potrzeba rywalizacji wynika bezpośrednio ze zmian demograficznych, które prowadzą do ograniczania tempa przyrostu liczby ludności w regionach.
Przestrzennie, na kanwie teoretycznej, badanymi podmiotami są stolice województw wschodniej Polski, tj. Olsztyn, Białystok, Lublin, Rzeszów. Ze względu na swoje położenie, peryferyjność na tle UE i Polski, poziom rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego, stanowią modelowe przykłady obszarów poddawanych utracie kapitału ludzkiego.
W trakcie prac wykorzystano przegląd literatury polskiej i obcojęzycznej celem weryfikacji założenia o istocie edukacji wyższej wśród czynników endogenicznych rozwoju regionalnego. Następnie, na bazie opracowań statystycznych, m.in. Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego i właściwych ministerstw dokonano porównania podmiotów badawczych i JST, w których są zlokalizowane. Badania
ankietowe i wywiady pozwoliły na ocenę mobilności młodych osób.
Stwierdzono, iż uniwersytety odgrywają kluczową rolę w zakresie absorpcji kapitału ludzkiego o relatywnie wysokiej skłonności do migracji. Ponadto przygotowano rekomendacje dotyczące zakresu promocji uczelni, tak by w jak najwyższym stopniu odpowiadały oczekiwaniom maturzystów