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KAJIAN BERBAGAI JENIS PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN CUPANG BAGAN (Betta imbellis var. Sumatraensis)
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UJI CEMARAN BAKTERI DAN CENDAWAN PADA KEJU KASAR (Cheddar)
Get PDFContamination Test of Bacteria and Fungi on Rough Cheese (Cheddar)        Foodstuffs such as cheese as a source of nutrition for humans, is also a food source for microorganisms. The growth of microorganisms in foodstuffs can cause adverse or beneficial change. Quality cheese can be seen from the presence of bacteria and mildew stains on the cheese samples. This study aimed to determine quantitatively the presence of bacteria and fungi in ten samples of coarse cheese (Cheddar) from five traditional markets in Bogor. Testing performed at the microbiology laboratory a contamination of bacteria of Salmonella sp and Listeria monocytogenes and yeast. The research results from ten samples of coarse cheese (Cheddar) had stain of pathogenic bacteria of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp Based on standar method of SNI 19-2897 – 1992 was negative/25g of sampel or mold and yeast was <10 cfu / g. Sample Zt was concluded that no contamination and Save to be consumend. Key words : Cheese (Cheddar), Bacteri and Fungi ABSTRAK       Bahan makanan seperti keju selain merupakan sumber gizi bagi manusia, juga merupakan sumber makanan bagi mikroorganisme. Pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dalam bahan pangan dapat menyebabkan perubahan yang merugikan atau menguntungkan. Kualitas keju dapat dilihat dari keberadaan cemaran bakteri dan cendawan, pada sampel keju. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara kuantitatif keberadaan bakteri dan cendawan pada sepuluh sampel keju kasar (Cheddar) dari lima pasar tradisional di Bogor. Pengujian dilakukan di laboratorium mikrobiologi berupa uji cemaran bakteri Salmonella sp, Listeria monocytogenes dan cendawan. Data hasil penelitian dari sepuluh sampel keju kasar (Cheddar) diantaranya untuk cemaran bakteri patogen Salmonella sp dan Listeria monocytogenes berdasarkan metode SNI 19-2897-1992 hasilnya yaitu negatif/25g serta kapang dan khamir hasilnya < 10 cfu/g sehingga nilai cemaran mikroba dikatan memenuhi standar dan layak untuk dikonsumsi.Kata kunci :  Keju (Cheddar), Bakteri dan Cendawa
SKRINING SENYAWA KIMIA DAN PENGARUH METODE MASERASI DAN REFLUKS PADA BIJI KELOR (Moringa oleifera, Lamk) TERHADAP RENDEMEN EKSTRAK YANG DIHASILKAN
Get PDFChemical Compounds and Effect of Screening Method on Seeds maceration andrefluxing moringa (Moringa oleifera, Lamk) to the yield Extract Generated          Studies had been conducted with the goal of identifying chemical compounds and compare the two methods of extraction, the maceration and reflux in moringa seeds (Moringa oleifera, Lamk) to the yield generated. The study was conducted by using the method of extraction and maceration reflux with solvent hexane and 80% methanol, and then the identification of classes of secondary metabolites phytochemical test done. Moringa seed samples had 11.6% moisture content. Yield produced by the reflux method using n-hexane solvent were 23.03% and 21.22% maceration method. While the 80% methanol solvent refluxing method had yield 6.16% and 5.26% maceration method. Phytochemical test results on seed powder contained alkaloids and saponins. Phytochemical test results on seed extract reflux method was an alkaloid, hydroquinone phenols, flavonoids and saponins while the maceration method was a class of compounds alkaloids and saponins.Keywords : Moringa oleifera, reflux, maceration, phytochemicals ABSTRAK          Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi senyawa kimia dan membandingkan dua metode ekstraksi, yaitu maserasi dan refluks pada biji kelor (Moringa oleifera, Lamk) terhadap rendemen yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi maserasi dan refluks dengan pelarut heksana dan metanol 80%, kemudian identifikasi golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder dilakukan dengan uji fitokimia. Sampel biji kelor memiliki kadar air 11,6%. Rendemen yang dihasilkan dengan metode refluks menggunakan pelarut n-heksana adalah 23,03% dan metode maserasi 21,22%. Sedangkan dengan pelarut Metanol 80% metode refluks mempunyai rendemen 6,16% dan metode maserasi 5,26%. Hasil uji fitokimia pada serbuk biji mengandung alkaloid dan saponin. Hasil uji fitokimia pada ekstrak biji menggunakan metode refluks adalah alkaloid, fenol hidrokuinon, flavonoid, dan saponin sedangkan dengan metode maserasi adalah senyawa golongan alkaloid dan saponin.Kata kunci : Moringa oleifera, refluks, maserasi, fitokimi
PERAN PEMANGKU KEPENTINGAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI
Get PDFA watershed is a natural resource management unit, in which there are resources that are managed by the government, private, and community. The role of the various stakeholders, helped influence on changes in the physical characteristics of the watershed. The existence and role of the various stakeholders in a watershed to be important in restoring watershed ecosystem function and maintain watershed conditions. For that, this study aims to examine the role of stakeholders and power relations that exists in the management of Hulu Cisadane subzone. Data was collected by in-depth interviews and field observations and study of literature. Analisisi data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the position and role of stakeholders kepentigan namely Instasi government, private and Peoples, which is categorized as a group decision (appropriator), providers and the producent, where the role of these stakeholders still overlap led to weak policies interference with the watershade function
PERSEPSI DAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM KEGIATAN REHABILITASI HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI KABUPATEN BOGOR
Get PDFÂ Â Kebun bibit rakyat (KBR) a program of the Ministry of Forestry to provide that is by planting the forest with forest trees and multipurpose trees spcies (MPTS) Corps who held in self management system by society groups, especially in rural areas. Result seeds kebun bibit rakyat used to rehabilitate of forest and land critical and activities greening activities.The purpose of this research is to find out perception, participation and involvement of the community in the rehabilitation of forest and land areas through the creation kebun bibit rakyat to the implementation and sustainable, independently knowing internal and external factors that influence the perception and participation knowing relation characteristic of farmers with perception and public participation in the activities of KBR.The Results of research conducted at the location of KBR in District Pamijahan Regency Bogor average respondent's perception of the four villages of development activities in the category KBR agreed by 53.15%. The level of participation of the majority of participants KBR in program planning activities is high ie 51.84% (63 respondents), the implementation phase has an average score of participants included in the category of participation high at 66.33% (63 respondents). Public Participation in the activities of participants in the District Pamijahan KBR is high at 70.58%, in the three study areas, namely in Cibitung Kulon village by 63.27%, amounting to 93.33% Ciasmara, Cibunian by 100.00%. In areas classified as Medium Pamijahan of 54.29% (25.71% is high only)
KAJIAN KONTRIBUSI SISTEM AGROFORESTRI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETANI (Studi kasus : Desa Cibatok Dua, Kecamatan Cibungbulang, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Get PDFThe development of private forests can provide benefits for farmers because timber commodity has a good selling point. In addition, there is added value if the farmer combining forestry commodity with other commodities such as fruits and crops. Farmers in the Cibatok Dua Village develop private forests and earn additional income for their household needs. This study aims to calculate the contribution of agroforestry in the management of private forests in Cibatok Dua Village to farmers income and identify the types of forestry plants, fruit trees, and the types of agricultural crops with agroforestry systems in the Cibatok Dua Village. The results showed that farmers develop simple agroforestry system with intercropping patterns. That system combining forest trees and agricultural crops as well as fruits between them. The tree that planted was Albisia (Albizia moluccana) and intercropped plants were banana, papaya, coconut, sweet potato, cassava, maize, yam, cloves, pandan, and galangal. Yields from community forests contributes 36% of the total income of farmers. Based on the financial analysis performed by the Discounted Cash Flow method, obtained NPV of Rp 64,197,125, IRR 15%, and Net B / C 2. It means that private forest management by Cibatok Dua Village farmers is financially feasible
INSIDEN PENYAKIT PADA KECAMBAH SENGON (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Berneby and J.W Grimes) DAN UJI PATOGENITAS
Get PDFThe Insidence of The Desease in Sengon Plant Sprouts and Patogenicity Tests        Plant diseases commonly attack in nursery. The symptoms of attack are seed or seedling rot while in media or after weaning to bag. The aims of research were to describe the symptom of disease and identify the causing agent by postulate Koch examination. The research was conducted in laboratory and nursery as long as four months. Basic method were exploring the disease symptom and examining of disease by postulate Koch. Data was then analyzed descriptively. Results showed the disease symptom was damping off (Lodoh) characterizing, fell down, wilted and rot, performing flashed hot water (Lodoh). This attack categorized as post emergence damping-off level. The causing agent was identified as fungi Fusarium sp. It had three spore typically microconidia, macroconidia dan clamidospore.Key words: damping off, disease, moluccana, nursery, seedling. ABSTRAK        Pada proses persemaian tanaman, insiden serangan penyakit sering terjadi. Salah satu gejala serangan yang timbul adalah pembusukan pada biji atau semai yang ditabur di media semai atau pasca penyapihan tanaman. Akibat serangan tersebut tingkat kematian tanaman dapat mencapai 80%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan gejala serangan penyakit dan mengidentifikasi penyebab primer dari penyakit tersebut melalui uji postulat Koch. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan persemaian selama 4 bulan. Metode dasar yang digunakan adalah eksplorasi untuk mengetahui gejala serangan penyakit dan eksperimen untuk pengujian postulat koch. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala yang ditunjukkan oleh semai sengon adalah akibat serangan penyakit lodoh (damping off) dengan cirri semai rebah, layu dan seperti tersiram air panas (lodoh). Serangan penyakit ini tergolong pada fase post emergence damping-off. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa fungi penyebab penyakit ini adalah Fusarium sp. Fungi ini menghasilkan tiga jenis spora yaitu mikrokonidia, makrokonidia dan klamidospora.Kata kunci: lodoh, moluccana, penyakit, persemaian, semai
PENGARUH PELABURAN AMONIUM HIDROKSIDA TERHADAP EMISI FORMALDEHIDA KAYU LAPIS DAN PAPAN PARTIKEL
Get PDFThe effect of spreading by ammonium hydroxide on formaldehyde emission of plywood and particleboardThe formaldehyde emmision from panel products such as plywood and particleboard bonded with urea formaldehyde (UF) can have negative effects to human  health, especially if used in a room with limited ventilation. To reduce formaldehyde emission, chemical agents can be applied to the product. In this exsperiment report, the effect of ammonium hydroxide 25% application on formaldehyde emission of UF on to wards the bonded plywood and particleboard was described. Application of ammonium hydroxide on plywood and particleboard significantly affected UF emission. The higher amount of application of ammonium hydroxide, the lower formaldehyde emission from plywod and particleboard. The effect of ammonium hydroxide to UF emission level differed according to type of panel and examination standard. Application of ammonium hydroxide of 0.009 ml/cm2 and 0.015 ml/cm2, the formaldehyde emission of plywood and particleboard could meet Japanese Standard; while spreading on particleboard of 0,003 ml/cm2and on plywood of 0,014 ml/cm2, the formaldehyde emission could conform to American Standard.Key words : Plywood, particleboard, formaldehyde emission, spreading, ammonium hydroxide ABSTRAKEmisi formaldehida dari produk panel seperti kayu lapis dan papan partikel yang direkat dengan urea formaldehida (UF) dapat mengganggu kesehatan, terutama jika digunakan di dalam ruangan dengan ventilasi terbatas. Untuk mengurangi emisi formal-dehida, produk tersebut dapat dilburi dengan suatu bahan kimia. Dalam tulisan ini dikemukakan pengaruh dari penggunaan pelaburan dengan amonium hidroksida 25 % terhadap emisi formaldehida kayu lapis dan papan partikel yang masing-masing direkat dengan UF. Pengaruh pelaburan dengan amonium hidroksida terhadap emisi formaldehida kayu lapis dan papan partikel masing-masing sangat nyata. Semakin banyak amonium hidroksida yang dilaburkan, emisi formaldehida dari kayu lapis dan papan partikel sema-kin rendah. Pengaruh amonium hidroksida terhadap tingkat penurunan emisi formaldehida berbeda menurut jenis panel dan standar pengujian. Pada pelaburan dengan amonium hidroksida sebanyak 0,009 ml/cm2 dan 0,015 ml/cm2, kayu lapis dan papan partikel memenuhi persyaratan emisi formaldehida Standar Jepang. Sedangkan pelaburan pada papan partikel sebanyak 0,003 ml/cm2, dan pada kayu lapis sebanyak 0,014 ml/cm2, emisi formaldehidanya memenuhi Standar Amerika.Kata kunci : Kayu lapis, papan partikel, emisi formaldehida, pelaburan, amonium hidroksid
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK AIR SIMPLISIA DAUN SEMBUNG (Blumea balsamifera)
Get PDFAntioxidant Activity of Aquous Extract of Sembung Leaf (Blumea balsamifera)            Simplicia medicinal plants are more commonly known by the term of herbal medicine in the form boiling and steeping. Sembung leaf water extracts content of secondary metabolites has potential natural antioxidant. An antioxidant is a substance that can prevent or slow down the deterioration of a substance. This research aimed to test the potential of antioxidant in water extracts of leaves sembung (Blumea balsamifera) in the form of boiling and steeping using DPPH method through determination of IC50 values. Best antioxidant test results found in extracts of steeping the leaves with IC50 values of 155,65 ml/l while the extract boiling sembung with IC50 values indicated by 293,80 ml/l, antioxidant standards testing used was quercetin.Keywords : antioxidant, aquous extract, Blumea balsamifera, DPPH ABSTRAK        Simplisia tanaman obat yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah jamu sering diaplikasikan dalam bentuk godogan dan seduhan. Ekstrak air daun sembung memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Antioksidan merupakan substansi yang dapat mencegah atau memperlambat kerusakan suatu zat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji potensi antioksidan ekstrak air daun sembung (Blumea balsamifera) dalam bentuk seduhan dan godogan dengan metode DPPH melalui penentuan nilai IC50. Hasil uji antioksidan terbaik terdapat pada ekstrak seduhan daun sembung dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 155,65 ml/l sedangkan ekstrak godogan sembung menunjukan nilai IC50 sebesar 293,80 ml/l,  sebagai standar pengujian antioksidan digunakan kuersetin.Kata kunci : Antioxidan, extract air, Blumea balsamifera, DPP
EKSTRAKSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI PENDAHULUAN GOLONGAN SENYAWA FENOL DARI RIMPANG LENGKUAS MERAH (Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Sch)
Get PDFExtraction and Identification of Phenol Compounds Group Introction galanga Rhizome RED (Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Sch)          Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources with a variety of crops are grown, one of which is a spice plant. Plant herb is a plant that is used in addition to the food manufacturing process is also used as potential drugs medicines, such that the red ginger (Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Sch). Red ginger is a plant that has been known to have the potential to cure many diseases. Generally, people use the red ginger to treat diarrhea and skin diseases caused by fungi. Ginjer contains phenol red that could serve as an antibacterial. The study was conducted to extract the phenolic compounds and identify them by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), with the following steps: extraction of samples, testing of phenolic compounds, and identification of phenolic compounds by GCMS. According to the research and identification was carried out on the red rhizome ethanol extract, we could conclude that the phytochemical tests showed positive rhizome containing phenol red. And from the GCMS got some phenolic compounds contained in the ethanol extract of rhizome of red, one compound with a molecular weight of 164 g / mol with molecular formula C10H12O2 .Keyword : Red gingge (Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Sch), compound fenol, extraction, GCMS. ABSTRAK           Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya dengan sumber daya alam dengan berbagai jenis tanaman yang tumbuh, salah satu diantaranya adalah tanaman rempah - rempah. Tanaman rempah merupakan tanaman yang dimanfaatkan selain untuk proses pembuatan makanan juga cukup potensial dimanfaatkan sebagai obat – obatan, diantaranya yaitu lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Sch). Lengkuas merah merupakan tanaman yang telah diketahui berpotensi dapat mengobati berbagai macam penyakit. Umumnya masyarakat menggunakan lengkuas merah untuk mengobati diare dan penyakit kulit yang disebabkan oleh jamur. Lengkuas merah mengandung senyawa fenol yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengekstraksi senyawa fenol dan mengidentifikasinya dengan Gas Chromatography dan Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), dengan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu ekstraksi sampel, uji senyawa fenolik, dan identifikasi senyawa fenolik dengan GCMS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan identifikasi yang telah dilakukan pada ekstrak etanol rimpang lengkuas merah, dapat disimpulkan bahwa uji fitokimia menunjukkan rimpang lengkuas merah positif mengandung senyawa fenol. Dan dari hasil GCMS didapatkan beberapa senyawa fenol yang terkandung pada ekstrak etanol rimpang lengkuas merah, salah satunya senyawa dengan berat molekul 164 g/mol yang mempunyai rumus molekul C10H12O2.Kata kunci : Lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Sch), senyawa fenol, ekstraksi, GCMS