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FERMENTASI TALAS BELITUNG (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) DENGAN VARIASI RAGI DAN PENAMBAHAN NUTRISI DALAM
Get PDFFermentation of Belitung Taro (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) with variation of Yeast and Adding Nutrition to Produce Ethanol Plants that are potential to produce bioethanol are plants that have sugar or carbohydrate levels one of which is Belitung taro (Xanthosoma sagittifolium). This research aims to make bioethanol with simple fermentation process with variation on yeast type (bread yeast and tape yeast) and with the addition of nutrients (NPK fertilizer) to obtain maximum bioethanol content. This research was begun by making taro pulp with four treatments and each treatment repeated 3 times. The four treatments consist of taro belt with yeast bread, yeast bread and NPK, yeast tape, yeast tape and NPK. Observations were performed on days 2, 4, 6, 7, 14 which included observation of pH and ethanol content. In addition, proximate test is also done. The results showed that the highest ethanol content in the fermentation process with yeast yeast occurred on the 7th day of 3.64% while in the yeast tape the highest level occurred on the 4th day of 3.07%. Addition of NPK can not produce maximum ethanol content. For proximate test, the result showed that the content of ash is high enough that is 4.57% while for carbohydrate, protein, fat, coarse fiber, and moisture content obtained results equivalent to the literature.Keywords: Ethanol, Fermentation, Belitung Taro, Bioethanol ABSTRAKTumbuhan yang potensial untuk menghasilkan bioetanol adalah tanaman yang memiliki kadar gula atau karbohidrat salah satunya yaitu talas belitung (Xanthosoma sagittifolium). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat bioetanol dengan proses fermentasi sederhana dengan variasi pada jenis ragi (ragi roti dan ragi tape) serta dengan penambahan nutrisi (pupuk NPK) sehingga didapatkan kadar bioetanol yang maksimal. Diawali dengan membuat bubur talas belitung dengan empat perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Empat perlakuan terdiri atas talas belitung dengan ragi roti, ragi roti dan NPK, ragi tape, ragi tape dan NPK. Pengamatan dilakukan pada hari ke 2, 4, 6, 7, 14 yang meliputi pengamatan pH dan kadar etanol. Selain itu dilakukan juga uji proksimat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar etanol tertinggi pada proses fermentasi dengan ragi roti terjadi pada hari ke-7 yaitu 3,64% sedangkan pada ragi tape kadar tertinggi terjadi pada hari ke-4 yaitu 3,07%. Penambahan NPK tidak dapat menghasilkan kadar etanol yang maksimal. Untuk pengujian proksimat didapatkan kadar abu yang cukup tinggi yaitu 4,57% sedangkan untuk kadar karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serat kasar, dan kadar air didapatkan hasil yang setara dengan literatur.Kata Kunci : Etanol, Fermentasi, Talas Belitung, Bioetano
PERBANDINGAN HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS DAN ASAM TERHADAP PATI JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays L.) DALAM PEMBUATAN GULA CAIR
Get PDFComparison Hydrolisis of Enzymatic and Acid of  Sweet Corn Starch (Zea mays L.) in Liquid Sugar ProductionSweet corn starch (Zea mays L.) contains high carbohydrate that can be used for food and industrial purposes. Sweet corn starch can be used for liquid sugar as alternative sweetener by enzymatic or acid hydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis was performed by treating the starch with alpha amylase for liquefaction and glucoamylase for saccharification, while acid hydrolysis was performed by mixing the starch with 1,0 N hydrochloric acid. According to the results, the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis is higher than acid hydrolysis. The highest yield of liquid sugar is 91,73% produced by enzymatic hydrolysis using alpha amylase 42µL and glucoamylase 42µL and 59,40% of reducing sugar. The yield of liquid sugar produced by acid hydrolysis using HCl 1,0 N is 78,55% and 31,48% of reducing sugar.Key words: Zea mays, starch, liquid sugar, hydrolisis of hydrochloric acid, hydrolisis of alpha amylase, hydrolisis of glucoamylaseABSTRAKPati jagung manis (Zea mays L.) mengandung karbohidrat cukup tinggi yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk bahan pangan dan industri. Pati jagung manis dapat diolah menjadi gula cair dan digunakan sebagai pemanis alternatif melalui hidrolisis pati baik secara enzimatis atau asam. Hidrolisis enzimatis melalui tahap likuifikasi menggunakan alfa amilase dan tahap sakarifikasi menggunakan glukoamilase. Hidrolisis asam dilakukan menggunakan asam klorida 0,1 N. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gula cair hasil hidrolisis enzimatis menghasilkan rendemen lebih tinggi dibandingkan hidrolisis asam. Rendemen gula cair paling tinggi dihasilkan pada proses hidrolisis enzimatis menggunakan alfa amilase 42µL dan glukoamilase 42µL sebesar 91,73% dengan nilai gula pereduksi sebesar 59,40%. Rendemen gula cair hidrolisis asam menggunakan HCl 1,0 N sebesar 78,55% dengan nilai gula pereduksi sebesar 31,48%.Kata kunci: Zea mays, pati, gula cair, hidrolisis HCl, hidrolisis enzim alfa-amilase, hidrolisis enzim glukoamilas
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI INFUSA DAUN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera L) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli
Get PDFAntibacterial Activity of Infused Aloe Vera Leaf (Aloe Vera L) on Growth Of Stapylococcus aureus and Escherichia coliDisinfectants may act as antibacterials. Aloe vera (Aloe vera L) is one of the plants that is often used by the community as a medicinal plant that has many active compounds such as lignin, saponin and anthraquinone substances that act as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Aloe vera leaf extracted with infusa method on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The research method is to see the reduction / reduction of bacterial count (% reduction) after 30 second and 60 second with disc diffusion method. The results showed decrease or decrease of bacteria count (% reduction) to Escherichia coli bacteria found in aloe leaf skin infected by 28,2% after 60 seconds. While decrease or decrease of bacteria amount (% reduction) to Staphyloccocus uareus bacteria infusa mixture of meat and skin of Aloe vera leaves of 27.5% after 60 seconds. Antibacterial test of aloe vera leaf aloe (Aloe veraL) of 100% concentration by disc diffusion method did not show any inhibition zone around cultures of test bacteria.Keywords: Aloe vera, antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, Infusa.ABSTRAKDesinfektan dapat berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Lidah buaya (Aloe vera L) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang sering digunakan masyarakat sebagai tanaman obat yang memiliki banyak senyawa aktif seperti lignin, saponin dan antrakuinon yaitu zat yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri daun lidah buaya (Aloe vera L) yang diekstrak dengan metode infusa terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Metode penelitian yaitu dengan melihat penurunan/pengurangan jumlah bakteri (% reduksi) setelah waktu 30 detik dan 60 detik dengan metode difusi cakram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan atau pengurangan jumlah bakteri (% reduksi) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli terdapat pada infusa kulit daun lidah buaya yaitu sebesar 28,2 % setelah waktu 60 detik.Sedangkan penurunan atau pengurangan jumlah bakteri (% reduksi) terhadap bakteri Staphyloccocus uareus terdapat pada infusa campuran daging dan kulit daun lidah buaya yaitu sebesar 27,5 % setelah waktu 60 detik. Uji antibakteri infusa daun lidah buaya (Aloe veraL) konsentrasi 100% dengan metode difusi cakram tidak menunjukkan adanya zona penghambatan disekitar biakan bakteri uji.Kata kunci : Lidah buaya, Aktivitas antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, dan  Escherichia coli,  Infusa
KUALITAS AIR SUMUR MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR SAMPAH (TPAS) RAWA KUCING KOTA TANGERANG
Get PDFThe Quality of Well Water around Final Garbage Dump (FGD)  Rawa Kucing, Tangerang, IndonesiaFGD Rawa Kucing is located at Sultan Iskandar Muda Street, Kedaung Wetan, Neglasari, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. It serves 1000 tons of garbage per day from 13 districts in Tangerang. The volume of garbage in Kota Tangerang increases from 1,212,264 m3 in 2008 to 4,590,724 m3in 2012.Well water is the main source of water for people around the FGD RawaKucing. They use well water for bath, wash,  and toilet (BWT) and other needs. Garbage decomposition which makes pollution around FGD Rawa Kucing can accur in air, water, and soil. Waste accurs in water and soil caused by leachate. Leachate can easily spread through rainwater runoff and it absorbs to the ground and polluting it including well water around it. Contaminated well water can decrease the quality of water physically, chemically, and microbiologically.Groundwater samples taken from residents' well water around FGD Rawa Kucing and they were represented by three groups which have distance 100 m - 3 km from FGD. Each group consisted of three samples which were taken from well water having depths between 8-18 m. The examination of the quality of well water should be made in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No.416/MENKE /PER/IX/1990 on the Conditions and Control of the Quality of Clean Water and Quality Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 492/MENKES/PER/IV/ on Requirements and Quality Control of Drinking Water.The quality of well water around FGD Rawa Kucing showed that there were the decreased quality water after testing with several parameter tests. There were six examination parameters which concentrate on exceeding the required quality standards that of TDS (1600-1764 mg/L), Nitrates (10.5-37.8 mg/L), Ammonia (3.50-66.21 mg/L), Iron (1.054-7.063 mg/L), Manganese (1.085-10.130 mg/L), and Total Coliform (80-130 colonies/100 mL).Keywords : Well water, leachate, TPAS, pollution, water qualityABSTRAKTPAS Rawa Kucing berada di Jalan Sultan Iskandar Muda Kelurahan Kedaung Wetan, Kecamatan Neglasari, Kota Tangerang, Banten dan mengangkut 1000 ton sampah/hari dari 13 kecamatan.Volume sampah di Kota Tangerang terus meningkat dari tahun 2008 sebesar 1.212.264 m3 sampai pada tahun 2012 telah mencapai 4.590.724 m3. Air sumur merupakan sumber air utama bagi masyarakat sekitar TPAS, karena hampir semua kebutuhan air dipenuhi dari air sumur yaitu untuk Mandi Cuci Kakus (MCK) dan kebutuhan lainnya. Pencemaran akibat dekomposisi sampah dapat terjadi di udara, dapat pula terjadi pada air dan tanah yang disebabkan oleh adanya rembesan air lindi. Lindi tersebut mudah disebarkan melalui limpasan air hujan dan meresap mencemari air tanah termasukair sumur yang ada di sekitarnya. Air sumur yang terkontaminasi lindi berakibat terjadinya penurunan kualitas air secara fisik, kimia, dan mikrobiologi. Air tanah sampelyang diambil berasal dari sumur penduduk yang berada di sekitar TPAS Rawa Kucing diwakili oleh 3 pengelompokkan dengan jarak 100 m – 3 km dari TPAS. Setiap kelompok terdiri dari 3 sumur pompa dengan kedalaman sumur antara 8 – 18 m. Pemeriksaan kualitas air sumur dilakukan  mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990 tentang Syarat-syarat dan Pengawasan Kualitas Air Bersih dan Peraturan MenteriKesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 tentang Syarat-syaratdan Pengawasan Kualitas Air minum. Kualitas air sumur masyarakat di sekitar TPAS Rawa Kucing mengalami penurunan setelah dilakukan pengujian terhadap beberapa parameter. Ada 6 parameter pemeriksaan yang mempunyai konsentrasi melebihi baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan yaitu TDS (1600-1764 mg/L), Nitrat (10,5-37,8 mg/L), Amonia (3,50-66,21 mg/L), Besi (1,054-7,063 mg/L), Mangan (1,085-10,130 mg/L), dan Total Coliform (80-130 koloni/100 mL).Kata kunci : Air sumur, air lindi, TPAS, pencemaran, kualitas ai
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PENGGERGAJIAN KAYU SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria) MENJADI PAPAN SERAT
Get PDFFiberboard can be made from a variety of berligno-cellulose fiber materials. One of the berligno-sesulose fiber materials is Sengon wood which is a waste of sawmills. Efforts to use sengon wood waste can be used for high density fiberboard. In this study we want to see the quality of sengon wood fiber board with TRF adhesive (Tanin Resolsinol Formaldehyde). The sengon wood fiber board was tested according to the JIS A-5905-2003 standard. The parameters tested were the physical-mechanical quality of the fiberboard, namely density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness development, elastic modulus, fracture modulus and internal adhesive strength. TRF is applied in three levels, namely: 0%, 6% and 8%. The results showed that the physical-mechanical quality that met the JIS A-5905-2003 standard was density (0.935 - 1.204 g / cm3), moisture content (9.840 - 12.2%), modulus of elasticity (313.55 - 355.53 kg / cm2), broken modulus (36,672 - 39,341 kg / cm2) and internal adhesion strength (4,244 - 4,371 kg / cm3). While the nature of water absorption (65,875 - 79,856%) and the development of thickness (27,665 - 39,295%) did not meet the JIS A-5905-2003 standard, at all TRF levels
PERENCANAAN JALUR INTERPRETASI PENDAKIAN KAWAH RATU TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK
Get PDFKawah Ratu is one of the tourist attractions in the highlands of the Mount Salak Forest, Mount Halimun Salak National Park, Pasir Reungit Village, Bogor. Existing tourism activities can have a positive and negative impact on the surrounding environment. To reduce the negative impact that was usually caused by visitors, it takes activities that can balance the activities of traveling and protecting the environment, namely the interpretation of nature. The purpose of this research was to identify the existing Kawah Ratu climbing trail to be developed as an interpretation trail and to make an interpretation program for the Kawah Ratu hiking trail. The research method was descriptive analysis, by analyzing primary data using Quantum 2.1 software and overlaying with Mount Bunder maps taken from Google earth to produced interpretation trail. The results of the Interpretation trail of the Kawah Ratu trail were Pine and Rasamala Forests, Medicinal Plants, Mushroom Habitats, Flowering Plants, Orchid Plants, Cangkuang Plants, Cigamea and Amphibious Rivers, Fern Plants, Mountain Forests (Montana) and Kawah Ratu. The trail of interpretation of the Kawah Ratu climb that was made has a length of about 3.7 Km with a normal travel time of around ± 1 hour 20 minutes of travel. Some alternative interpretation programs compiled were one-day travel packages, Frog and Toad Kawah Ratu, and Metallic Battle on wide screen. Keywords:Mount Halimun Salak National Park, interpretation trail, interpretation pragramm
EFEKTIFITAS PENGAWET NABATI DARI TUBA (Derris Elliptica BENTH.) MELALUI EKSTRAKSI PADA TITIK DIDIH PELARUTNYA YANG DIAPLIKASIKAN PADA BEBAK GEWANG
Get PDFIn East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) area there are many Gewang trees (Corypha utan LAMK.). Many people in NTT use Gewang midrib as components of home buildings such as walls and ceilings. But the building components of the Gewang midribs contain ingredients that have the potential to be attacked by organisms such as termites. To overcome this, preservation action is needed. On the other hand there are several types of toxic forest flora that are recommended as sources of vegetable preservatives including Tuba (Derris elliptica BENTH.). Meanwhile, there has not been much research on preservation for gewang midribs. Therefore this study aims to determine the effectiveness of vegetable preservatives from Tuba for preservation of Gewang midribs through extraction at the temperature of the boiling point of the solvent. Extraction of Tuba plants was carried out using a solvent of Acetone, Methanol and Water each at the boiling point temperature for 1 hour in a ratio of 1: 8. The results showed that through GCMS analysis and preservative effectiveness testing through soil termite tests indicated that the extraction method used in this study resulted in no sufficient amount of active ingredients to be used as vegetable preservatives or able to preserve gewang midribs. The results of this study recommended that in order to obtain active ingredients from Tuba plant extracts as vegetable preservatives to preserve gewang midribs, it is not recommended to extract these plants using extraction methods as was done in this study. Instead, to obtain active ingredients from Tuba plant extracts, it is recommended to try to extract using methanol at room temperature for 72 hours in a ratio of 1: 5
PERILAKU MASYARAKAT DALAM PELESTARIAN HUTAN RAKYAT DI DESA DANGIANG, KECAMATAN CILAWU, KABUPATEN GARUT, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Get PDFThe existence of the community forest in Dangiang Village, Cilawu District, Garut Regency, has supported efforts to conserve forests that are a buffer for people's lives. Sustainable community forest management is influenced by community behavior, as well as factors that support and hinder community efforts in preserving community forests. This study aims to examine the behavior of the community in an effort to preserve community forests and their supporting and inhibiting factors. The research method used is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that people's behavior is related to aspects of perception, participation, policy, cooperation, women's role, and cultural values / norms; Among them is maintaining the sustainability of community forests by planting, maintaining, and not carrying out activities that damage the forest. The community participates actively in the conservation activities. The supporting factors are the existence of local wisdom, active roles and community collaboration with stakeholders. The inhibiting factor is the economic function of the community forest which is still lacking, human resources are still low, and the accessibility of the area is inadequate. Utilization of community forest potential can increase community income through timber certification, identification of community forest products, increase collaboration between communities and stakeholders, and improve product yields in community forest areas.Â
KADAR FOSFAT DALAM AIR SUNGAI CIKANIKI
Get PDFPhosphate Content in Cikaniki RiverThe Cikaniki River is one of the tributaries of Cisadane, which crosses the provinces of West Java and Banten. This river has a very high function and value for human life and water ecosystem. Phosphates formed naturally in formed of rock and undergo a weathering process, rocks gradually break down into phosphate ions dissolved in water. Phosphates in orthophosphates are produced by nature and are found in waste, whereas polyphosphates are often used in detergents, but in water the form of poly will turn into an ortho form. The analysis to find out the phosphate content in Cikaniki River. Phosphate analysis of river water refers to SNI 06-6989.31-2005, using the uv-vis spectrophotometric method in ascorbic acid. The results showed that the phosphate content in Cikaniki River still fulfilled the Standard Quality of PP no. 82 of 2001, is <0.2 mg / L except in Kampung Babakan Liud area. Phosphate contamination in river water can be derived from natural processes as well as from the addition of contamination due to human activities in the form of agriculture, industry, and household activities and the presence of excessive phosphate can lead to explosive growth of algae in the waters.Keywords: River, Phosphate, ascorbic acid, wasteABSTRAKSungai Cikaniki adalah salah satu anak sungai Cisadane, yang melintasi Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Banten. Sungai ini memiliki fungsi dan nilai yang sangat tinggi bagi kehidupan manusia dan ekosistem air. Fosfat terjadi secara alami dalam bentuk batuan dan mengalami proses pelapukan, batuan secara bertahap mengurai menjadi ion fosfat yang larut dalam air. Fosfat dalam bentuk ortofosfat diproduksi oleh alam dan ditemukan di limbah, sedangkan polifosfat sering digunakan dalam detergen, tetapi di dalam air bentuk poli akan berubah menjadi bentuk orto. analisis untuk mengetahui kandungan fosfat di Sungai Cikaniki. Analisis fosfat pada air sungai mengacu kepada SNI 06-6989.31-2005, menggunakan metode spektrofotometri uv-vis secara asam askorbat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar Fosfat di Sungai Cikaniki masih memenuhi Baku Mutu PP No. 82 Tahun 2001, yaitu  < 0,2 mg/L kecuali pada daerah  Kampung Babakan Liud. Pencemaran Fosfat di air sungai dapat berasal dari proses alamiah maupun berasal dari penambahan cemaran akibat aktifitas manusia yang berupa pertanian, perindustrian, maupun kegiatan rumah tangga dan keberadaan fosfat yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya ledakan pertumbuhan alga di perairan.Kata Kunci: Sungai, Fosfat, asam askorbat, limba
POTENSI SENYAWAAN NITROGEN DAN FOSFAT PADA PENCEMARAN SUNGAI CILIWUNG HULU KOTA BOGOR
Get PDFPotential Of Phosphate and Nitrogen Compounds in Pollution of The Upper Ciliwung River in Bogor River is a habitat for various types of aquatic organisms that can provide an overview of the state of the river, such as the quality and quantity of ecological relationships that occur within it. Ciliwung is one of the rivers that flow to Jakarta via Puncak, Bogor Regency, Bogor City, Depok City and empties into the Bay of Jakarta. In 2015, the quality status of the upstream Ciliwung river had moderate polluted status. One parameter for reviewing water quality is nutrient content (phosphate and nitrogen). The presence of high nutrients can stimulate the growth of algae in waters that can harm the aquatic ecosystem. This study shows that there is a relations and positive relations with a correlation coefficient of 0.508 on the nitrogen and phosphate compounds in the upstream Ciliwung river water pollution. The concentration of nitrogen compounds is higher than that of phosphate.Keywords: Ciliwung, Nitrogen, Phosphates, River, Relations. ABSTRAK Sungai merupakan suatu habitat bagi berbagai jenis organisme akuatik yang dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai keadaan sungai, seperti kualitas dan kuantitas dari hubungan ekologis yang terjadi didalamnya. Sungai Ciliwung merupakan salah satu sungai yang mengalir kearah Jakarta melalui Puncak, Kabupaten Bogor, Kota Bogor, Kota Depok dan bermuara ke Teluk Jakarta. Pada tahun 2015, status mutu sungai Ciliwung bagian hulu memiliki status tercemar sedang. Salah satu parameter peninjauan kualitas air adalah kandungan zat hara (fosfat dan nitrogen). Keberadaan zat hara yang tinggi dapat menstimulasi ledakkan pertumbuhan algae di perairan yang dapat merugikan ekosistem perairan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang sedang dan positif dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,508 terhadap senyawaan nitrogen dan fosfat pada pencemaran air sungai Ciliwung bagian hulu. Konsentrasi senyawaan nitrogen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan fosfat.Kata kunci: Ciliwung, Nitrogen, Fosfat, Hubungan, Sungai