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The Nursing of Old People Carried Out by Agricultural Cooperatives : Case Studies of JA Osuzu and JA Saito
Get PDFKorea has shifted to an unprecedented aging society. By the industrialization process which began in the 1970's, many young people migrated from the countryside to the city. Therefore, the aging of the rural population is more serious. On the other hand, nursing of aged parents has traditionally been done by the eldest son's wife. The public participation of women has recently advanced, and the son's family cannot take care of their aged parents. Under such a situation, the Korean government undertook the welfare policy for the aged. The Korean government sent the investigation committee to Japan in order to study the Japanese model. Regrettably, the committee investigated organization in central government and local government in urban areas. The problem of nursing of the old people in the rural area is more serious than in the urban areas in Korea. There are three reasons. Firstly, the aging in the rural area is very serious. Secondly, there is a shortage of care-givers. And the last is that the basic provision of care service is very poor in the rural areas. We focus on the third, Who supplies the care service in rural areas? There is a high probability that the agricultural cooperative offers the nursing service, because every rural municipality has an agricultural cooperative which is very well-organized. Therefore, our purpose is to find the features of the nursing of old people carried out by JA, through the field work with JA in Miyazaki prefecture, and to offer political implications for the welfare policy for the aged in Korea. This paper is an interim report on that. We investigated JA Osuzu and JA Saito and got the features of the nursing activity for the aged as follows. The first is that JA nursing activity for the aged has a high reliability, though it is difficult to ensure the anonymity. This is because the service-giver and the service-taker are both members of the same JA. The second is the progress of the nursing helper's consciousness. Most of the service-givers are the members of JA women's association. They recognize that the nursing of the aged is a private matter, but also know the nursing to be a public problem in this rural district. Finally, they recognize the nursing activity as mutual aid. They receive pay, but still regard the nursing activity as a type of volunteer work.Korea has shifted to an unprecedented aging society. By the industrialization process which began in the 1970's, many young people migrated from the countryside to the city. Therefore, the aging of the rural population is more serious. On the other hand, nursing of aged parents has traditionally been done by the eldest son's wife. The public participation of women has recently advanced, and the son's family cannot take care of their aged parents. Under such a situation, the Korean government undertook the welfare policy for the aged. The Korean government sent the investigation committee to Japan in order to study the Japanese model. Regrettably, the committee investigated organization in central government and local government in urban areas. The problem of nursing of the old people in the rural area is more serious than in the urban areas in Korea. There are three reasons. Firstly, the aging in the rural area is very serious. Secondly, there is a shortage of care-givers. And the last is that the basic provision of care service is very poor in the rural areas. We focus on the third, Who supplies the care service in rural areas? There is a high probability that the agricultural cooperative offers the nursing service, because every rural municipality has an agricultural cooperative which is very well-organized. Therefore, our purpose is to find the features of the nursing of old people carried out by JA, through the field work with JA in Miyazaki prefecture, and to offer political implications for the welfare policy for the aged in Korea. This paper is an interim report on that. We investigated JA Osuzu and JA Saito and got the features of the nursing activity for the aged as follows. The first is that JA nursing activity for the aged has a high reliability, though it is difficult to ensure the anonymity. This is because the service-giver and the service-taker are both members of the same JA. The second is the progress of the nursing helper's consciousness. Most of the service-givers are the members of JA women's association. They recognize that the nursing of the aged is a private matter, but also know the nursing to be a public problem in this rural district. Finally, they recognize the nursing activity as mutual aid. They receive pay, but still regard the nursing activity as a type of volunteer work.departmental bulletin pape
A Collection of Annotaions of "Kennreimonninn Ukyonodaibu shu" : Belonging to Imayama Hachimann Shrine (II)
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A Collection of Annotations of "Kennreimonninn Ukyonodaibu shu" Belonginng to Imayama Hachimann Shrine (I)
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Bakin's Usage of the Idiom, "hitoyo-no karani" : from comparison with the notes history of 'Nihon-Shyoki'
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Japanese revisionists and the 'comfort women' issue: a comparison of two texts
Get PDF愛国の誇りと国民の士気を再生するため、「美しい国、日本」を政権構想に掲げた安部元総理大臣は、2007 年3 月、第二次世界大戦中の日本軍が、女性を強制的に性労働者として従事させた証拠はないという公式声明を発表した。これを受けて世界のマスメディアと各国政府は激しい憤りを示し、生存する「慰安婦」に対して公式に謝罪するよう強く求めている。本記事では、リベラル系英国新聞「The Independent」と日本の保守系新聞「読売新聞」の記事を批判的談話分析を用いて比較し、筆者のイデオロギーが、事件や問題を描写する言葉において、そして記事が作り出す読者との関係においてどのように明確であるかを明らかにする。
When Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, the architect of the “Beautiful Japan” campaign to renew Japanese national pride and morale, made a public statement in March 2007 that there was no evidence the Japanese military coerced women into serving as sex workers during World War II, the international media and many governments replied with outrage and demands for a formal apology to the surviving “comfort women”. This article uses Critical Discourse Analysis to compare a story from the liberal British newspaper The Independent and an article from the conservative Japanese newspaper The Yomiuri Shimbun to reveal how the ideology of a text’s producer is evident in the language used to represent events and subjects and in the relationship the text forms with the reader.departmental bulletin pape
Motivation for second language learning: an exploratory study in Japan
Get PDF本論文は日本における第二外国語学習意欲の研究である。英語のみで教育を受ける日本の大学生の内的意欲、外的意欲、意欲のなさ、多文化を理解したいという意欲、旅行や仕事のために外国語を学びたいという意欲が計測された。過去の研究結果(Gardner, 1985, Gardner & Smythe, 1975, Trafford, 1995, & Wright, 1999)から意欲について年齢差と性別差があることが仮定された。総合的に女子の意欲の高さが仮定された。大学一、二年生は高い内的意欲と意欲のなさを示す一方、大学三、四年生は大学卒業後の生活を考慮し始める為に高い外的意欲を示すことが仮定された。この大学の特性から、中退せずに在籍し続ける学生は総合的に意欲が高く、同時に意欲のなさは低いことが仮定された。結果として三つの異なる分野の意欲においては性別差が発見されたが、それらは仮定と相違していた。またひとつの分野の外的意欲と意欲のなさにおいては年齢差が発見された。しかし、上記以外には、特に顕著な相違は発見されなかった。今回発見された様々な相違についての可能な説明と日本の大学における学習意欲の研究をこれからどう進めるべきかについて考察された。
This paper presents a study of second language learning motivation in the Japanese context. Students at a sheltered immersion English college in Japan were measured on the variables of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation as well as integrative and instrumental motivation. Based on previous research (e.g. Clark & Trafford, 1995; Gardner, 1985b; Gardner & Smythe, 1975; Wright, 1999) it was hypothesized that there would be differences in motivation both by age and sex. Females were hypothesized to show higher levels of motivation overall. Younger students were hypothesized to show higher levels of intrinsic types of motivation and higher levels of amotivation, while older students were expected to show higher levels of extrinsic motivation as they begin to focus on their lives after graduation from university. It was also hypothesized that based on the unique nature of the university, students who stayed would show high levels of motivation overall and correspondingly low levels of amotivation. Results showed sex differences in the levels of intrinsic motivatio —accomplishment; extrinsic motivation—introjected regulation; and extrinsic motivation—external regulation. However, these differences were not in the expected direction. Age differences were also found in levels of extrinsic motivation— external regulation and amotivation. However, aside from these specific domains of motivation, there were no major differences found across the spectrum of motivational levels. Discussion focused on possible explanations for the differences that were discovered as well as possible ways forward in researching motivation in Japanese universities.departmental bulletin pape
Learning English vocabulary at the university level: some considerations for objectives, strategies and outcomes
Get PDFこの論文は、日本の大学における英語学習者むけ語彙学習プログラムを紹介する。外国語学習者の語彙習得の分野の研究を総説する。プログラムの目的、習得方法、アセスメントは研究の主要な結果に基づいている。
This paper outlines a program of vocabulary study for students of English language at Japanese universities. The literature on vocabulary acquisition among second language learners is reviewed. Salient findings in the literature form the basis of the objectives,learning strategies and assessment methods that comprise the program.departmental bulletin pape
A Problem Concerning the Successor-training of Mizuumi Dengaku and Noh
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