Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
Not a member yet
4948 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of Thymoquinone on Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Viability (OVCAR-3)
Get PDFAim: Ovarian cancer is the third most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. However, it has the highest mortality rate among cancers due to its asymptomatic course, late diagnosis and recurrence. Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most commonly prescribed chemotherapeutics in the treatment of ovarian and breast cancer. The serious side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and the development of drug resistance restrict the use of these drugs. The use of natural products with anticancer activity may help partially overcome these problems. In this study, the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) and Dox, a powerful chemotherapy agent, on cell growth inhibition and cell viability on OVCAR-3 and human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) were determined by the MTT method.
Method: Ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines OVCAR-3 (CCL-2™) and HaCat (RRID: CVCL_0038) were used in the study. To determine the IC50 (inhibitory concentration) doses of Dox and TQ, HeLa and HaCaT cell lines were cultivated with the help of an automatic multipipet. Then, MTT test was applied to analyze cell survival (viability).
Results: OVCAR-3 cell growth was approximately 2.12 nM at the 48th hour in cells treated with Dox, while the IC50 value of TQ at the 48th hour was found to be 62.9 µM.
Conclusion: These results show that TQ potentiates the effect of Dox and the Dox/TQ combination may be a promising alternative to other chemotherapeutic combinations in the treatment of ovarian cancer with lower side effects.
Keywords: Thymoquinone, Cancer, Ovarian adenocarcinoma, MT
Total flavonoid and polyphenol content of Tinospora crispa cultivated at highland region
Get PDFBackground: Tinospora crispa (T. crispa) is herbaceous plant which commonly grows wild in tropical regions of South East Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. In Indonesia this plant is well known to be used as traditional medicine to treat gout, diabetes, hypertension, rheumatic, fever, and appetite stimulant. Researches worldwide indicated that T. crispa poses several pharmacological properties. One of those is the antioxidant activity, acting as free radical scavenger. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidative properties of T. crispa by analyzing the total flavonoid and polyphenol content.
Methods: T. crispa was cultivated at 850 AMSL field in Materia Medica Batu. The plant was harvested by cutting 5 cm of old stem and dried in 50° C for 7 days. Powder was then made by using milling machine. The amount of 300 g powder was subsequently macerated to get T. crispa extract. Total flavonoid and polyphenol contents were determined by using spectrophotometry method.
Result: From 300 g T. crispa powder using maceration method gave liquid yield with 56 g weight and 18.66% rendement. Total flavonoid and polyphenol content was 0.04% ± [3.68%] (w/w) and 0.60% ± [0.8%] (w/w) respectively.
Conclusion: Despite low in concentration, flavonoid and polyphenol content was successfully determined from T. crispa. In the future free radical scavenging assay need to be conducted to understand better about the antioxidant activity of T. crispa.
Keywords: Tinospora crispa, Brotowali, Flavonoid, Polyphenol
UV Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Voriconazole in Bulk Form
Get PDFThis study presents a validated UV spectrophotometric method for the precise estimation of voriconazole in bulk formulations. Voriconazole, an essential antifungal agent, demands accurate quantification for its pharmaceutical applications. The proposed method leverages the sensitivity of UV spectroscopy to determine voriconazole concentrations effectively.
The method\u27s validation adheres to regulatory guidelines, ensuring reliability and accuracy. Spectrophotometric analysis was performed within a specific wavelength range, demonstrating linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness across different concentrations of voriconazole.
Parameters such as specificity, sensitivity, and stability were evaluated to affirm the method\u27s suitability for routine analysis.
The results indicate the method\u27s efficacy in quantifying voriconazole in bulk and semi-solid forms with high precision and sensitivity. This validated UV spectrophotometric method presents a valuable tool for pharmaceutical analysis, facilitating quality control and assurance in voriconazole formulations.
Keywords: Voriconazole, UV spectrophotometry, Anti-fungal, semi-solid formulation, Beer’s Lambert’s law
The Effectiveness of SGLT2 Inhibitors in CKD Patients
Get PDFSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, often known as SGLT2Is, are a class of medications used largely for anti-diabetic activity in oral dose form that lowers blood glucose levels. In recent years, numerous trials have documented the use of medications for conditions including renal and cardiovascular illness that go beyond only decreasing blood sugar. Other benefits of SGLT2Is\u27 glucose-lowering activities include slowing or halting the progression of chronic kidney disease, lowering estimated glomerular filtration rate, lowering albuminuria, improving renal and cardiovascular health, and reducing estimated glomerular filtration rate. Published clinical trials reported all of these SGLT2I effects. The studies that we reviewed for this article are the Canagliflozin CardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS), Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE), Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA - CKD) trial, Effects of SGLT2I dapagliflozin on Proteinuria in Non-Diabetic Patients with The clinical studies, SGPLT2I class of medications, and their impact on cardiovascular and renal illnesses in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals are adequately covered in this review study.
Keywords: SGLT2Is, Chronic kidney disease, dapagliflozin, Canagliflozi
Fluorimetric Determination of Antiviral (COVID-19) Drug Favipiravir in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Get PDFFavipiravir is a synthetic prodrug, which was first discovered while assessing the antiviral activity of chemical agents active against the influenza virus in the chemical library of Toyoma chemicals. It works by inhibiting RNA dependant RNA polymerase (RdRP), an enzyme required for RNA viral replication inside human cells. A simple, rapid, and economic method was developed for the quantitative determination of Favipiravirusing spectrofluorometer. The Favipiravir standard drug solution and sample tablet solution was prepared using double distilled water as a diluent. The different concentrations ofpure drugin the range 2-10 μg/ml and one sample solution were measured for the intensity at 432nm in the spectrofluorometer. The calibration curve was plotted and the sample’s unknown concentration was calculated from the plot. The calibration curve was found to be linear with r2 value obtained as 0.99.There are various other methods available for the quantification of Favipiravir which include RP-HPLC, UV-spectroscopic methods, FTIR, LC-MS with different extraction methods spiked in human plasma but not by using spectrofluorometer. Favipiravir shows fluorescence when dissolved in appropriate solvent hencethis method was developed to quantify Favipiravir which is a simple and efficient method. This method developed is easy and can be used for routine quality control test for Favipiravir pharmaceutical formulations.
Keywords: Favipiravir, spectrofluorometer, Calibration curve
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasmosis in Cats and Women Undergoing Prenatal Consultation in Coyah, Guinea
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological situation of toxoplasmosis in cats and women undergoing prenatal consultation in the city of Coyah (Guinea). During the study, 100 cat sera and 100 sera from women in prenatal consultation were analyzed with a Toxo-Screen DA (Modified Antigen Agglutination Test) kit. The results indicated prevalences of 73%±8.7 in antenatal women and 51%±9.8 in cats. There was no association found between the variables and Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in prenatal females and cats.
Keywords: Cat; women in prenatal consultation; Toxoplasma gondii; Coyah; Guinea
Synergistic Effects of Essential Oils and Antibiotics Against Some Bacterial Strains
Get PDFThe emergence of antibiotics resistances become an alarming situation due to the resurgence of cases. Scientific community explore therapeutics alternatives, including essentials oils and their combination with antibiotics. The designed study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of essentials oils from Drypetes Gosswelleri, Echinops giganteus, Melaleuca leucadendron essentials oils and antibiotics against strains implicated in infectious deseases. The antibacterial effect of essentials oils and antibiotics (Ciprofloxacine and Ceftriaxone) was carried out against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pnemoneae, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus strains using the microdilution method. The synergistic effects were studied by the isobologram method to conclude on the interaction type. The results revealed that the essential oils were active against all the tested bacteria. Drypetes Gosswelleri EO showed the strongest activity with MICs ranging from 1.46 μg/mL to 11.71 µg/mL, followed by Echinops giganteus essential oil with MICs ranging from 2.92 µg/mL to 23.43 µg/mL and Melaleuca leucadendron had the lowest activity with MICs ranging from 5.88µg/mL to 750µg/mL. The combinations realized between Drypetes Gosswelleri and Echinops giganteus EOs and with two antibiotics use to evaluate the interaction type agains Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus. MICs obtained with the combinations are lower than those obtained with the EOs and antibiotics tested individually. The isobolograms plotted inform about a synergistic effects of combinations made with Drypetes Gosswelleri, Echinops giganteus EOs, Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone against S. enteritidis and S. aureus strains. Based on the results obtained, the combinations between EOs and the antibiotocs, represent an interesting therapeutic alternative.
Keywords: antibacterial, essential oil, combination, isobolograms, synergistics, Minimale Inhibitory Concentration, Minimale Bactericidal Concentration
Assay of Diphenhydramine HCl in Syrup by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Get PDFCough is a natural response from the respiratory tract by increasing the clearance of secretions and particles from mucus, irritants, foreign particles, and microbes, so that it can act as a body defense. One way that can be done to relieve cough symptoms is to use symptomatic drugs. Diphenhydramine HCl is an antihistamine that belongs to the first generation H1 receptor antagonist (H1 blocker) group which has sedative and anti-allergic properties. Diphenhydramine HCl is used to treat sneeze, runny nose, watery eyes, itches, skin rashes, and other cold symptoms or other allergies. Diphenhydramine HCl is also used to treat motion sickness and to induce sleep. The purpose of this study was to determine the contents of diphenhydramine HCl syrup sold in the market. This test uses the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method with acetonitrile as a mobile phase; water; triethylamine (50;50;0.5). The results obtained the average content of Diphenhydramine HCl 102.5%. So it can be concluded that the cough medicine sample meets the requirements because the contents are not less than 90% and not more than 110% based on the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Edition VI 2020.
Keywords: Cough, Diphenhydramine HCl, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC
Method Development and Validation for Quantitative Estimation of Bortezomib in its Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Get PDFA new method was established for estimation of Bortezomib by RP-HPLC method. The chromatographic conditions were successfully developed for the separation of Bortezomib by using Phenomenex Luna C18 column 250x4.6mm 5µm, flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, mobile phase ratio was Acetonitrile : 0.1% formic acid (50: 50 v/v),detection wavelength was 280 nm. The retention time was found to be 5.3 mins. The % purity of Bortezomib was found to be 100.443% respectively. The system suitability parameters for Bortezomib such as theoretical plates and tailing factor were found to be more than 2000 and less than 2 respectively, the resolution was found to be less than 2. The analytical method was validated according to ICH guidelines (ICH, Q2 (R1). The linearity study for Bortezomib was found in concentration range of 20µg-120µg/ml and correlation coefficient (r2) was found to be 0.9994, % recovery was found to be 101.37%, % RSD for repeatability was 1.778, % RSD for intermediate precision was 1.537 respectively. The precision study was precise, robust, and repeatable. LOD value was 2.6402, and LOQ value was 7.281 respectively. Hence the suggested RP-HPLC method can be used for routine analysis of Bortezomib in API and pharmaceutical dosage form.
Keywords: Analytical Validation, Bortezomib, Phamarmaceutical, formulation
Formulation and Characterization of Montelukast Sodium Mouth Dissolving Film Using Cress Seed Mucilage: Montelukast Sodium Mouth Dissolving Film
No full textThere is a rising interest in the development of orodispersible films (ODFs) as an alternative to fast dissolving tablets which is attributed to their faster dissolution rate, higher durability, and better patient compliance. Owing to its rheological and also various functional properties, many researchers tried to discover some of the pharmaceutical applications of L. sativum in the development of various dosage forms, in addition to its therapeutic studies, such as binding, dissolving, gelling and sustained release dosage form. The fast-dissolving oral film of the Montelukast sodium by using Cress seed mucilage (CSM) and HPMC (15cps) is prepared by solvent casting method. The fast-dissolving oral film evaluated for folding endurance, surface pH, in-vitro disintegration time, drug content and in-vitro drug release. The physical appearance and folding endurance properties were found to be reasonably good and electron microscopy shows that films are clear, colorless with smooth surface.The drug content of all the films was in the range suggesting that drug was uniformly dispersed throughout all films. The present study was an attempt to develop and evaluate an oral fast dissolving drug delivery system using cress seed mucilage as a film former.
Keywords: Orodispersible film, Montelukast sodium, Cress seed mucilage, HPM