Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
Not a member yet
4948 research outputs found
Sort by
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Get PDFNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the buildup of fat in the liver, and it is not caused by excessive alcohol consumption. NAFLD is highly prevalent, affecting approximately 30% of the population in developed countries and around 10% in developing nations. As a result, NAFLD has become the most prevalent liver condition worldwide.
The development of NAFLD is closely linked to insulin resistance, making it common among individuals who have central obesity or diabetes. Insulin resistance and excess body fat contribute to a higher influx of lipids into the liver and an increased production of new fats within the liver, known as de novo hepatic lipogenesis. These processes ultimately lead to the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, a characteristic feature of NAFLD.
NAFLD is closely associated with components of the metabolic syndrome, and individuals with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing cirrhosis and its related complications. While cardiovascular disease and extra hepatic malignancy are the leading causes of death in people with NAFLD, the presence of advanced liver fibrosis is a significant indicator of liver-related outcomes and overall mortality. Non-invasive tests that combine various methods can be used to assess the extent of liver fibrosis. Patients diagnosed with cirrhosis should undergo screenings for hepatocellular carcinoma (a type of liver cancer) and esophageal varices. Currently, there are no approved therapies for NAFLD; however, there are several drugs in advanced stages of development that show promise for future treatment options.
Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Weight management, Bariatric surgery, Metabolic surgery, Conservative therapy
EGFR expression in COVID19 placentas
Get PDFIntroduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health problem that has claimed many lives worldwide. The disease is affecting almost all populations, but it poses a particular risk for groups such as the elderly and those with chronic diseases. Although the number of studies on clinical situations involving pregnant women and their infants infected with COVID-19 is increasing, the factors supporting the negative association between COVID-19 and pregnancy remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the placental histopathologic structure using EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor) antibody in placentas of COVID-19 pregnant patients.
Materials and methods: In our study, placentas of a total of 40 pregnant women (regardless of age), including 20 pregnant women with C0VID-19 and 20 normotensive pregnant women, were used, and placentas were compared histopathologically and immunohistochemically.
Results: In the hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of the control group placentas, tissue integrity was preserved and cellular structures were normal. In the placentas of Covid -19 group patients, it was observed that degenerations increased and cellular deformations developed. In sections of control group placentas, EGFR expression was negative in decidual cells and in areas with syncytial nodes. EGFR expression was positive in cytotrophoblast cells. In placenta sections of Covid-19 patients, EGFR expression was positive in vascular endothelium and Hofbauer cells.
Conclusion: In our study, it was observed that EGFR expression, an important biomarker in tissue regeneration, was inhibited. We also concluded that Covid-19 caused degeneration and inflammation in placental tissue
Overview of Analytical Methods for the Determination of H2 Receptor Blockers: A Review
Get PDFOverview of various analytical methods for estimating anti-histaminic (H2 Receptor blockers) drugs, particularly for determining their concentration percentage (assay) by analytical methods developed on analytical instruments i.e., UV visible Spectrophotometer, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, and Hyphenated techniques. The review includes a literature survey of H2 receptor blocker drugs namely cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), famotidine (Pepcid, Pepcid AC), and nizatidine (Axid). The examined literature survey addressed chromatographic (HPLC) and UV visible spectrophotometric methods with LC-MS/MS methods used in pure forms, pharmaceutical formulations, human plasma, and other biological fluids for their estimation. In the case of validation parameters, mostly Linearity, Recovery study, LOD, and LOQ were considered and mentioned. This review helps researchers to get detailed information regarding various analytical methods of development and validation for H2 receptor antagonists.
Keywords: H2 Receptor blockers, HPLC, Analytical methods, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine
Investigation of the Protective Effect of Terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) against Ovarian Ischemia-Reperfusion Damage in Rat
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic and protective effects of Pistacia terebinthus L. (terebinth) oil treatment on experimental ovarian ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. In the study, 32 Sprague-Dawley female rats; They were divided into 4 groups: control, ischemia, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), ischemia/reperfusion + terebinth oil (I/R + terebinth oil), 8 in each group. Terebinth oil was applied via oral gavage at a daily dose of 2 ml/kg for 4 weeks. In histopathological examination of ovarian sections, the control group showed a regular histological appearance. In the ischemia and I/R groups, degenerations in the epithelium, inflammatory cell infiltration in the lamina propria region, and bleeding due to thrombosis in the enlarged vessels were observed. It was determined that terebinth oil protected the epithelial tissue after ovarian I/R injury, reduced inflammation in the connective tissue, and brought the artery-vein contours to a regular appearance. In the ovarian sections where immunohistochemistry analysis was performed, it was observed that radixin protein expression showed a positive reaction in the granulosa cells and a negative reaction in the stromal areas in the terebinth oil applied group compared to the I/R group. As a result, it was revealed that terebinth oil has a healing and protective effect in the treatment of ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Keywords: Terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L), Ovary, Ischemia, Reperfusio
A Review of Different Approaches for Improving Curcumin Bioavailability
Get PDFThe creation and development of herbal nanoparticles have moved to the forefront of nanoformulation research. Curcumin is the most essential bioactive component of curcuma longa, a plant that has been utilized in traditional medicine for centuries. This chemical contains therapeutic properties that can be utilized to prevent and treat a wide range of ailments. Curcumin has proven therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of a range of human ailments, however, it has a limited bioavailability, which appears to be due to poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic clearance. As a result, nanotechnology is a revolutionary concept that can be used to curcumin solubility, stability, and bioavailability issues. This review examines contemporary developments in chemical and pharmaceutical technologies, as well as the utilization of innovative materials for medical applications.
Keywords: Curcumin, Nanotechnology, Nanoformulation, Bioavailabilit
The ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura exhibits in vitro antidiabetic potentials by inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzymes: In vitro hypoglycemic activity of Muntingia calabura
No full textObjective: The present research study was conducted to investigate in vitro anti-diabetic potentials of ethanol extract of leaves of Muntingia calabura for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities.
Materials & Methods: The leaves of Muntingia calabura were collected and authenticated. dried and powdered. The powdered drug was defatted using petroleum ether and extracted with ethanol. The ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura was subjected to preliminary phytochemical investigation. The in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory and α-amylase inhibitory properties were determined for the ethanol extract and concentrations of extract required to inhibit absorbance (IC50 values) EEMC were determined.
Results: Significant IC50 values were found in both tests that assessed the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, demonstrating the capacity of the ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura to block carbohydrate digesting enzymes and prevent postprandial blood glucose.
Conclusion: The results of the presents investigation recommends that ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura possess significant α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity.
Keywords: Antidiabetic activity, Muntingia calabura, α-glucosidase and α-amylase and IC50values
Almond (Prunus amygdalus L.): A source of revitalizing health and its therapeutic application
Get PDFNature is the source of some exquisite food products, having a wondrous amalgam of beneficial bioactive compounds with diverse health effects, often unattainable in synthetic products. Almond is a one of the valuable health benefiting food, from the Rosaceae family, have long been known as a source of essential nutrients; nowadays, they are in demand as a healthy food with increasing popularity for the general population and producers. They are native to the region which extends from India to Persia; the almond tree had spread to east and west of its native region thousands of years before Christ. Bitter and sweet almond are its types. It consists of Kernel or meat, mid shell and outer green shell. They are a rich source of vitamin E, dietary fiber, B-vitamins, proteins, calcium, magnesium, mono-unsaturated fats and phytosterols. This is also one of the classical Unani drugs prescribed by Hakeems in different body ailments. In Unani literature, it is mainly described as Muqawwī-i-dimāgh (Brain tonic), Murattib-i-dimāgh (Brain demulcent), Mulayyin (Laxative), Muqawwī-i-bāh (Aphrodisiac) and Mughadhdhi (Nutritious) etc. This is a review paper which discuss morphology, pharmacological action, ethno-medicinal and therapeutic uses of this medicinal plant in perspective of Unani medicine. This review has been done through online searches of databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, science direct and hand search for classical textbook available in libraries. It concluded that Almond is one of the best herbal medicines in treatment of Palpitation, Amnesia, Hyperlipidemic, Sexual Debility, Dysmenorrhea, as it possess the following properties Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antihypertensive, Anti-inflammatory, Immunity enhancer, Hepato-protective Neuro-protective.
Keywords: Unani System of Medicine, Almond, Badam Shireen, Neuroprotective, Immunobooster, Muqawwī-i-dimāg
Investigation of active peptides from natural products that induce ER-stress-mediated apoptosis in cancer as potential therapeutics for kidney cancer, common in some genetic diseases: An in silico approach: kidney cancer treatment by peptides
No full textBackground: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress initiates an unfolded protein response (UPR) to re-establish ER homeostasis as an adaptive pathway in cancer. However, persistent ER stress triggers the apoptotic pathway usually observed in kidney cancer (KC). The term KC actually refers to a number of distinct cancers. Kidney cancer is generally observed in a number of genetic diseases. Treatment options for KC have changed greatly over the years. The most commonly used tyrosine kinase inhibitors, TKI, show conflicting results regarding their beneficial effects on patients, as demonstrated in different KC patient cohort studies, indicating that the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in KC are more complex and likely need combined therapies able to modulate the activity of endoplasmic reticulum. Methods: The purpose of this research was to generate peptides from natural products in sillico that might be used as kidney cancer potential modulators. For this aim, several methods were used: Target prediction, protein hydrolysis, and protein-peptide molecular docking have all been used as techniques. Results: The network of critical KC genes is composed of C3AR1, CSNK2A2, ACE, DPP4, CAPN1, FPR2, HLA-A, and MMP2, together with predicted kinases such as RPS6KA5, MAPK14, CSNK2A1, PRKCD, CDK1, and HIPK2, in addition to transcription factors such as IRF8, TCF3, ERG, CREB1, EZH2, SPI1, IRF1, and SUZ12. The identified molecular targets of the isolated peptides are: HLA class I histocompatibility antigen A-3, lipoxin A4, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, angiotensinconverting enzyme, cyclooxygenase-2, C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor, melanocortin receptor 4, neurotensin receptor 1, mu opioid receptor, delta opioid receptor, and calpain 1. Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that GVSK, PGP, WQR, YGGF, and IF peptides are promising candidates for further study. Future work would be needed to test the therapeutic properties of these hydrolysate peptides using in vitro and in vivo approaches
Bioactive Ethnomedicinal Plant Extracts for the Management of Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy Women Challenges in Pandemic Period
Get PDFToday urinary tract infection causing Escherichia coli is also serious problem among pregnant women especially during pandemic period. So the mid stream urine samples were collected from different clinics and Public Health Centre in from rural area of Salem city. Totally 25 E. coli was isolated from 25 mid stream urine samples and confirmed by biochemical test and growth parameters. In this study the optimum growth was recorded in pH 7 at 37ᵒC. To date the patterns of resistance to the antimicrobial agents may be due to indiscriminate, wide spread and lengthy use of antibiotics in the treatment of UTI particularly in pandemic situation 2022. So, the present research targeted to extract the therapeutic drug from the high medicinal value of ethano medicinal plant extract because it having anti-UTI compound to diagnose the UTI infection. In this research the antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula, Allium sativum, Laurus nobilis, Hybamthus enneapermus, Cinnamomum tamala and Zingiber officinale was studied by agar well diffusion method. Four different concentrations (25μl, 50μl, 75μl and 100μl) were used against Escherichia coli. The maximum zone of inhibition were observed in plant extracts Terminalia chebula 11mm, 13mm, 16mm and 20mm in strain no. EC05 followed by minimum zone of inhibition was observed in the plant extract Hybamthus enneapermus 10mm in strain no. EC05 at 100μl concentration of crude plant extracts. The research proved the ethano medicinal plant extract to cleave the pathogenic cell wall of E. coli.
Keywords: E. coli, Urinary tract infection, Pregnancy Women, Medicinal Plant Extracts 
Unraveling the Multi-Target Pharmacological Mechanism of Brassica rapa in Diabetes Treatment: Integration of Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Approaches
Get PDFBrassica rapa has been widely reported as an anti-diabetic plant and is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various disorders. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the plant\u27s anti-diabetic activity has not been elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the possible molecular mechanism of B.rapa for managing diabetes mellitus through network pharmacology and molecular docking studies. The active ingredients and associated target proteins were obtained from a literature review and the Swiss Target Prediction platform and validated using the PubChem database. The disease-associated genes were retrieved from the Genecard database. The B. rapa-DM target network was analyzed using the STRING database, and the results were integrated and visualized using Cytoscape software. The molecular mechanism and therapeutic effect of B.rapa for the treatment of DM were determined by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses using the Enrichr Platform. Fifty-two active ingredients were screened from B. rapa, and 1528 putative target genes were identified from these ingredients. Four hundred and fifty-four overlapping targets matched with DM were considered potential therapeutic targets. First, ten key targets (ALB, AKT1, TNF, GAPDH, MAPK3, EGFR, VEGFA, CTNNB1, CASP3, and STAT3) were found by topological analysis. Then, the results of GO and KEGG suggested that the anti-diabetes effect of B. rapa was strongly associated with the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, Lipid and atherosclerosis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Calcium signaling pathway. The AKT1 (Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase) enzyme is targeted by major bioactive constituents of B.rapa. Molecular Docking studies revealed that Liquiritin (docking score -6.1 Kcal/mol) showed the highest binding affinity with AKT1. These results suggest that Brassica rapa may play a role in regulating several pathways that are involved in the development of Diabetes Mellitus.
Keywords: Network pharmacology, molecular mechanisms, Brassica rapa, Diabetes Mellitus (DM)