Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Preparation and Evaluation of Ketoprofen Loaded Mucoadhesive Microspheres: KETOPROFEN LOADED MUCOADHESIVE MICOSPHERES
No full textThe aim of the present study was to prepare and evaluate Ketoprofen loaded microspheres fabricated with sodium alginate and Carbopol 934 by ion gelation method which enhances the drug residence time into the stomach by adhering to the mucus layer of and control the rate of drug release for longer period of time. Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is commonly used for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties. It belongs to the propionic acid class of NSAIDs and is available in various formulations, including oral tablets, capsules, topical gels, creams, and as an injectable solution. In present study ketoprofen incorporates in mucoadhesive drug delivery system for utilizing its controlled drug delivery up to 12 hrs. In present study prepared microspheres were evaluated for- particle size, entrapment efficiency, percentage yield, morphology, mucoadhesive property, in-vitro drug release property.
Keywords: Mucoadhesive microspheres, NSAID, ion gelation method, ketoprofe
Effect of ethanolic stem-bark extract of Blighia unijugata on body and organ weight, biochemistry, and hematology in Sprague-Dawley rats
Get PDFIntroduction: While the efficacy of Blighia unijugata against various conditions has been scientifically validated, very little is known of its safety in normal rats. This study aimed to assess the toxic effects of the ethanolic stem bark extract of Blighia unijugata (EBU) on body and organ weight, biochemistry, and hematology of Sprague Dawley rats following repeated oral administration.
Method: Twenty (20) male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected into four groups (n = 5) and administered distilled water or EBU at doses of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg respectively for 28 days. For each group, percentage changes in body and organ weight, serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose levels, liver, and kidney functions, and the various hematological variables were determined.
Results: EBU treatment (50-200 mg/kg body weight) caused no significant changes (p>0.05) in the body weight and the relative organ weight of the heart, kidney, and spleen. Similarly, no significant changes (p>0.05) were observed in the lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, High-Density Lipoproteins, Low-Density Lipoproteins, and Very Low-Density Lipoproteins), fasting blood glucose, serum urea, creatinine, albumin, globulin, total protein, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and the hematological measures, except for a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in Alkaline Phosphatase after treatment with 200 mg/kg EBU.
Conclusion: Overall, this investigation underscores that EBU administration did not cause significant effects on the evaluated parameters, suggesting relative safety within the experimental conditions. However, for potential clinical trials and human use, additional studies such as chronic toxicity assessments across diverse animal models and dosage ranges are recommended.
Keywords: Blighia unijugata; biochemistry, hematology, body weight, organ weigh
Design, Evaluation and Optimization of Albuterol Sulphate and Theophylline Pulsincap drug delivery system for chronotherapy of Asthma
Get PDFThe aim of the current study was to design and develop and evaluate pulsatile drug delivery system of Albuterol Sulphate and Theophylline for the treatment of Asthma. The capsule body was made water insoluble by cross linked with formaldehyde vaopur. The treatment of Formalin was adopted to modify the gelatin capsule solubility. The formalin residue was carried out by quantitative test. The drug-excipient compatibility is done by FTIR and UV . The pulsincap formulation were prepared by using hydrogel plug of various components. The drug content of the formulation of pulsincap was found to be in the general range. The invitro drug release studies in ph1.2 .6.2 and 7.4 buffern was noticed to be zero percent and capsule was stable for 2 hours drug the studyF5 formulation batch was selected which was best and good formulation and promoted maximum drug release of 96.29% percentage at phosphate buffers when compared with other formulation. Pulsincap formulation can be adopted for optimum delivery of pellets in the treatment as per chronotherapy
Keywords: Theophylline, quantitative test, invitro drug release studies, phosphate buffers6.2 and 7.4
Contrasting Evidences Between High Cholesterol Levels and The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Review
Get PDFIntroduction: The cholesterol hypothesis had been kept alive for decades by reviewers who used statistics that excluded the results from unsuccessful trials and ignored numerous contradictory observations. High dietary cholesterol intake had been associated with development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality, for over several decades, without a direct link between the CVD and high serum cholesterol level. Hence, people avoided healthy cholesterol-rich diets due to the fear of developing CVD. The relationship between elevated plasma cholesterol and CVD and criteria for appropriate methods for screening patients with elevated cholesterol had remained a source of medical debates. Lack of decrease in overall mortality rates in patients without clinical coronary disease in whom aggressive lowering of cholesterol was achieved might have contributed to the lack of consensus on this most important issue.
Methodology: With information derived from search engines, such as Elsevier, Springer, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Google Scholar and a library search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals.
Results: Several research results showed that association between total serum cholesterol, its components and CVD is weak, absent or inverse implying that consuming healthy high cholesterol diets may not be harmful to health.
Conclusion: This review provides evidence contrasting the links between elevated plasma cholesterol and CVD, and demonstrated that elevated cholesterol concentrations, rather, improve quality of life and life expectancy. In addition, most prevalent methods for cholesterol quantification in biological samples and foods, utilizing new technologies, such as Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry are summarized, along with other components of cholesterol.
Keywords: Cholesterol, CVD, Quantificatio
Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Soap
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to formulate and evaluate Polyherbal soap using coconut oil, beeswax, NaOH(lye), Glycerine, Neem, aloe vera, Turmeric, Tulsi, Sandalwood powder, orange peel powder, Multani mitti, Reetha, Honey and Vitamin E capsule. The herbal formulation was prepared then evaluation of the analysis of Physical parameter, pH, Foam height, Foam retention time, Moiture content, Alcohol insoluble matter etc. Various study found that, these herbal plant extract proven to anti-bacterial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-fungal activity etc. The finding for the herbal soap reveals that these soaps are cost effective, convenient, natural foam generate on application, not exhibit any skin irritation and less or no side effect.
Keywords: Polyherbal soap, Neem, Aloevera, Turmeric, Moisture content
Evaluating the estrogenic activity and toxicity of Tectona grandis leaf extract on the reproductive and endocrine system of female wistar rats
No full textFemale reproductive complications continue to be a major health challenge worldwide. Medicinal plants richer in secondary metabolites such as phytoestrogens have been used over decades for the treatment of reproductive health problems like infertility, with limited knowledge on their toxicities. The present study was designed to evaluate the estrogenic potential and safety of Tectona grandis leaves extract on female wistar rats.
Following acclimatization and pre-evaluation of the estrous cycle, female wistar rats, 6 weeks old were placed in groups of 3 animals each and T. grandis extracts administered daily in graded doses of 500, 1000, 2000mg/Kg body weight against controls for 28 days (Sub-acute toxicity). A dose dependent increase in 17-Beta estradiol was observed in the serum and ovary homogenates versus an increase in cholesterol when compared to the control groups. Results from the three animals per group showed an increase in the weights of the animals and a non-significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), white blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit at the dose of 2000 mg/kg. Also, there was no significant difference in the organ weights and histopathological examinations of necropsied animals showed no abnormalities in the various organs. T. grandis leave extract contains phytochemicals such as lignans that can be converted by microflora to phytoestrogens, which can compete with endogenous estrogen for the estrogen receptor potentiating similar activities like estrogens. This indicates that T. grandis could be explored as hormonal replacement therapies in infertility, menopausal and/or breast cancer related problems.
Keywords: 17-β-estradiol, Tectona grandis, lignans, phytoestrogens, toxicity, hormonal replacement therap
Evaluation of Anti-depressant activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves in mice
Get PDFObjective: The present is to evaluate antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves using experimental animals.
Method: The current study employed male Swiss albino mice weighing between 20 and 35 g and aged between 6 and 8 weeks. Hibiscus rosa sinensis extract were administered p.o to mice daily in two different doses (200 & 400 mg/kg/p.o) for 14 days regularly. After administration of the extract, the animal will be observed continuously for the first 2 hours and at 24 hrs to detect changes in behavioral responses and also for tremors, convulsion, salivation, diarrhea, lethargy, sleep, and coma and also will be monitored up to 14 days for the toxic symptoms and mortality. On 15th days, the animal subjected to Tail Suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) and plasma corticosterone level.
Result: The mice of Hibiscus rosa sinensis extract (200 & 400 mg/kg/p.o) treated group showed no significantly (p<0.05) difference in locomotors activity as compared to control group. Treatment with FXT (10 mg/kg p.o.)also showed no significant change as compared to control group. The above observation suggests that Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves has antidepressant activity.
Conclusion: The Ethanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis 400 mg/kg showed the most remarkable activity. This plant can be further subjected to isolation of the therapeutic Antidepressant compound and carry out further pharmacological evaluation.
Keywords: Depression, herbal medications. Hibiscus rosa sinensis, antidepressant plant
Effect of repeated salbutamol nebulization on serum potassium level in children with acute wheeze at tertiary health care center in Birgunj, Nepal
Get PDFBackground: Nebulization Salbutamol has important role in the treatment of Acute wheeze despite of reported electrolyte imbalance so this study was conducted to know the changes in serum potassium level post Nebulization.
Methods: A Cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 67 children aged 12-60 months presenting with acute wheeze at tertiary health care center. Baseline clinical parameters heart rate, respiratory rate, SpO2 along with serum potassium level was compared before and post repeated Salbutamol Nebulization.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 35.95 months. The mean number of repeated Salbutamol Nebulization was 4.9 over mean time of 151 mins. There was significant increase in heart rate, decrease in respiratory rate and SpO2 post Salbutamol Nebulization. The Mean ±SD serum potassium concentration before and after Post Nebulization was 4.44±0.85 mEq/L and 4.01±0.97 respectively and it was statistically significant
(P<0.05, paired t-test). A fall in serum potassium was seen in 40 patients (59.70%).
Conclusion: Nebulization Salbutamol causes changes in serum potassium level so it should be monitored.
Keywords: Acute wheeze, Heart rate, Nebulization Salbutamol, Respiratory rate, SpO2, Serum potassium
Histopathological Changes in Ovarian Tissues of Rats Underwent Ovarian Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Get PDFThis study investigates histopathological changes in ovarian tissues of rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, a condition where restored blood flow causes cellular stress and potential damage. Rats were divided into three groups: control, ischemia, and ischemia-reperfusion. Histological analysis revealed that ischemic ovaries exhibited increased follicular degeneration, atretic follicles, and inflammatory infiltration. The ischemia-reperfusion group showed even more pronounced damage, including disrupted cellular structures and severe vascular congestion. These findings highlight the exacerbated tissue damage caused by reperfusion, underscoring the complex impact of I/R injury on ovarian tissue integrity.
Keywords: ovary, ischemia, reperfusion, histolog
A Critical Review of Qabd (Constipation) in Unani Medicine
No full textConstipation is defined as a condition characterized by difficult or infrequent bowel movements, or the sensation of incomplete defecation. Constipation is difficult to characterize exactly because there are so many different normal bowel patterns. Most people have at least three bowel movements per week; however, the diagnosis of constipation is not solely based on low stool frequency. In Unani medicine, "Qabḍ" is precisely defined as a decline in the function of the large intestine. Some physicians believe that persistent constipation is caused by an overabundance of black bile (Sawdā) in the body. Therefore, treating constipation by reducing the excess Sawdā is regarded as crucial. Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical signs and symptoms, supplemented by the Rome II criteria, the Constipation Severity Index, and various constipation scoring systems. Additional specific investigations may also be employed as needed.
Keywords: Constipation; Qabd; Iḥtibāsal-Baṭn; Mullayin; Unani medicine.