Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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A Comprehensive Review on Niosomes in Drug Delivery and Recent Advancements
Get PDFThe recent emphasis on nanocarrier development for drug delivery stems from the need to target specific diseased areas while sparing healthy tissues. Effective and safe drug administration has long posed challenges in medicine. Over the past decade, the emergence of vesicles as a means to enhance drug delivery has captivated researchers in the field of drug delivery systems. Among vesicular systems, niosomes have gained attention due to their nonionic features. Unlike liposomes, niosomes offer superior stability, making them a preferred choice. Non-ionic in nature niosomes offer unique advantages in drug delivery providing a versatile platform for encapsulating various drugs to enhance bioavailability and ensure controlled release. Understanding preparation techniques enables tailored applications from oral to transdermal delivery. Characterization methods such as morphology and particles size are pivotal in ensuring the stability and effectiveness of niosomes. Applications span cancer therapy, diagnostic imaging, and vaccination adjuvants, showcasing niosomes versatility. Ongoing research reflects dynamic efforts to enhance capabilities, emphasizing their pivotal role in evolving drug delivery systems. In this comprehensive review, we aim to encapsulate fundamental aspects of niosomes, encompassing diverse preparation methods, various niosomal types, methods for characterization and the advancements witnessed in niosomal research over the past decade, drawing insights from a literature review.
Keywords: Niosomes, Drug delivery, Nanocarrier, Vesicles, Nanomedicine
Method development and validation for estimation of Gliclazide in bulk and tablet form by UV Spectrophotometer
No full textUV Spectrophotometric method has been developed to determine Gliclazide in bulk pure and tablet forms. It is a simple, accurate, reproducible, rapid and less time-consuming method. The maximum wavelength of the drug was found to be 232nm. Beer Lamberts’ law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2-20 µg/ml. (LOD)The limit of detection and limit of qualification (LOQ) was found to be 0.16 µg/ml and 0.50 µg/ml from this method per cent recovery of the drug was found to be 99.30% which indicates no interaction of the excipients. This method was found accurate, simple, precise and rapid for determination of tablet dosage form.
Keywords: validation, Gliclazide, tablets, UV Spectroscopy, LOD, LO
Prevalence of Stunting and Associated Factors Among Under Five Years Children in Galkaio Town, Puntland, Somalia 2023: A cross-sectional study design
No full textBackground: Stunting is a frequent dietary issue that mostly affects less industrialized countries, such as Somalia. Even so, the Somali government has made some progress towards achieving the target for stunting, but still, 25.3% of children under five years old are stunted. If the annual decreasing proportion continues at this rate, Somalia will not be able to meet the established target set by the WHO in 2012, which was to reduce stunting by 40% by 2025. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of stunting among children aged 6-59 months.
Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study with a community focus was carried out. among 362 children aged 6–59 months matched with mothers and caregivers. Districts served as first-stage units, villages served as second-stage units, and houses served as third-stage units in the multistage sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used, and the mothers and caregivers were interviewed. Standardized anthropometric measurements were used to measure the child’s height. Version 3.1 of Epi Data was used to enter the data, and SPSS version 20 was used for analysis.
Result: The overall prevalence of stunting among children between the ages of 6 and 59 months in this study was 37.3%, 95% CI (32.6–42.5). Polygamous marriage to father [AOR = 2.824; 95% CI: (1.60, 4.98)], educational status of mother [AOR = 2.502; 95% CI: (1.28, 4.90)], sex of child [AOR = 2.079; 95% CI: (1.27, 3.41)], time to initiation of breastfeeding [AOR = 3.212; 95% CI: (1.95, 5.29)], exclusive breastfeeding [AOR = 1.725; 95% CI: (1.01, 2.96)], minimum dietary diversity score [AOR = 2.579; 95% CI: (1.30, 5.28)], and postnatal care visits of mothers [AOR = 2.688; 95% CI: (1.60, 4.52)] were significantly associated with stunting.
Conclusion: The prevalence of stunting among children aged 6–59 months was higher than that among the national population. The polygamous marriage of the father, educational status of the mother, sex of the child, time for initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, minimum dietary diversity score, and postnatal care visits of the mother were significantly associated with stunting
Preventive and Therapeutic values of Leech Therapy: A Review
Get PDFThere are three therapeutic modalities in the Unani medical system: Ilaj bit Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy), Ilaj bid Dawa (pharmacotherapy), and Ilaj bil Yad (surgery). Ilaj bit Tadbeer includes several regimenal therapies such as Hijāma (Cupping Therapy), Ta\u27līq or Irsal-e-\u27Alaq (Leech Therapy), Fasd (Venesection), Dalk (Massage), Nutūl (Therapeutic Irrigation), Qai (Emesis), Idrār-i-Bawl (Diuresis), Tariq (Diaphoresis), Mundij wa Mu\u27shil therapy (Concoction and purgation), Bukhoor (Medicated Steam), Kaiyy (Cauterization), Huqna (Enema) etc. Since ancient times, these therapies have been widely used for their preventive, therapeutic, and rehabilitative effects. One of the most significant regimenal therapies, Irsal-e-Alaq (Leech therapy), is still in use. Renowned Unani physicians Razi, Majoosi, Zahrawi, and Ibne Sina have discussed and recommended the use of non-poisonous (or medicinal) leeches in the prevention and treatment of a variety of illnesses, including joint disorders, chronic non-healing ulcers, and numerous skin disorders like eczema, psoriasis etc. This review paper aims to explore the preventive and therapeutic role of leech therapy.
Keywords: Unani Medical System, Therapeutic Role, Leech Therap
Unani Integrative Approach for the Management of Sciatica, Employing Pharmacotherapy with Regimenal Therapy: A Case Report
Get PDFSciatica, a subtype of low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common clinical complaints in primary care which is characterized by pain that originates in the lower back or buttocks and radiates down one or both legs along the distribution of the sciatic nerve. It commonly results due to nerve root compression by a prolapsed lumbar disc. Sciatica affects both genders equally and has an annual incidence of 1-5%, most common in 30-65 years of age. The management of sciatica includes non-pharmacological, pharmacological and surgical approaches. Combining these management techniques can help in pain reduction and thereby can lead to an overall wellbeing of the individual. In this case report we present the case of a 52 year old male patient with lower back pain radiating to left lower limb who came to Department of Regimenal therapies, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru. The patient had taken NSAIDs and other measures for pain management from last 6 months. Despite taking exhaustive measures, no significant improvement was seen. The symptoms have gotten worse over the past two months. After complete clinical examination and diagnosis, the patient underwent treatment for 4 weeks using integrative approach in the form of unani pharmacotherapy, coupled with regimenal therapy. Many objective parameters were used to evaluate the patient both before and after the intervention. The assessment parameters after the intervention reported a significant amelioration of the symptoms. Our study suggested that, management of sciatica with an integrative strategy can be considered.
Keywords: Sciatica, LBP, lumbar disc, Integrative therapy, NSAIDs, Regimenal therapy
Guiding Diffusion of Magnetic Nanoparticles from Nose to the Brain Using Permanent Magnet is Theoretically Feasible but Practically Challenging
Get PDFThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant challenge in delivering medications to the brain, impeding direct targeting of specific brain regions in humans. Currently, effective methods for overcoming this protective barrier are limited. Targeted drug delivery to the brain from the nose has been utilized successfully, albeit the delivered dose of medication directly to the brain predominantly depends on circulation. One promising strategy involves guiding magnetic nanoparticles through the cribriform plate from the nose to the brain. Unlike other areas, the nose and circumventricular organs provide a less restrictive pathway where the BBB is permeable. The concept of guiding the diffusion of magnetic nanoparticles through the cribriform plate appears feasible in theory. However, the complexity of such a delivery system necessitates a heuristic approach for practical implementation. In our recent study, we attempted to guide the diffusion of fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles using neodymium magnets in different media and animal brain tissues. Although, we did not successfully demonstrate this method of delivery with simplistic approach, we argue that an interprofessional effort is essential to tackle this mode of drug delivery by passing the challenges posed by the BBB and to innovate targeted drug delivery solutions for the brain. By leveraging diverse perspectives and specialized knowledge, we can advance towards more effective therapies that harness the potential of magnetic nanoparticle technology for neurological treatments.
Keywords: magnetic nanoparticles, targeted drug delivery, nasal drug delivery, bypass blood brain barrier, olfactory epitheliu
Antidepressant Herbal Plants: An Updated Review
Get PDFThe symptoms of this illness include mood swings, protracted melancholy, disinterest, and diminished cognitive performance. These symptoms give the patient discomfort and have a substantial negative impact on their capacity to function and lead fulfilling personal, social, and professional lives. Depression treatment has to be comprehensive and involve medicine. For several centuries, herbal chemicals have been the subject of scientific inquiry, and ongoing studies are being conducted to explore their possible medical benefits. Herbs used in traditional medicine have been shown to be highly beneficial in lowering depression and its symptoms as well as enhancing patient function. Plants are used in biology and medicine in a variety of ways. They are an excellent resource for the creation of innovative drugs due to their high levels of safety, accessibility, availability, tolerance, and low levels of toxicity. Depression is caused by a multitude of variables, such as inflammation, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline, and 5-HT). Herbal medicines have gained a lot of attention lately since they are less costly and have less adverse effects than traditional depression treatments. Recent years have seen a significant amount of study on the possible application of sedative and antidepressant plants. The primary emphasis of this review has been herbal medications with antidepressant properties.
Keywords: Depression, herbal medications. Herb, antidepressant plants  
Khajur (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Medicinal importance in perspective of Unani medicine and pharmacological studies
Get PDFThe date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is recognized as one of humanity\u27s earliest cultivated plants, having served as a food source for over 6000 years. It holds a prominent status as the most favoured fruit in the Middle East and North Africa. Date fruit has a long history of consumption and traditional medicinal use. Whether eaten fresh or dried, dates offer a rich source of energy due to their exceptional nutritional content and extended shelf life. They provide an economical means of obtaining essential nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers. Furthermore, date fruit exhibits a diverse range of pharmacological effects including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic and many more. It is also beneficial in disorders of paralysis, sexual debility, fever etc. Date palm fruits offer a natural and safe alternative or complement to synthetic drugs in managing numerous health conditions.
Keywords: Dates, Phoenix dactylifera, Arecaceae/Palmae, Khajur, Unani Medicine
Potential Inhibitor of DENV-2 Virus Protease (NS2B-NS3): An In-Silico Studies of Anti-Viral Plants
Get PDFDengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that affects millions of people worldwide. The DENV-2 protease is a vital enzyme responsible for viral replication and is a promising target for antiviral therapy. The objective of the study is to identify potential inhibitors of DENV-2 protease using In-Silico approaches with phytocompounds from ten antiviral plants. Initially, 133 phytoconstituents were collected with anti-dengue properties from previously reported studies which were virtually screened using SWISS ADME for ADME properties. The DENV-2 protease structure (2FOM) was obtained from the Protein Data Bank and molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina. The best-scoring compounds were evaluated and top five potential inhibitors with high binding affinity and stability were selected. The top-scoring compounds were Ligand-91 (Terchebin, -8.1 kcal/mol), Ligand-13 (7-desacetyl-7-benzoylgedunin, -7.8 kcal/mol), Ligand-100 (Triterpenoid, -7.8 kcal/mol), Ligand-12 (7-desacetyl-7-benzoylazadiradione, -7.7 kcal/mol), Ligand-20 (Azadirolic acid, -7.7 kcal/mol), Ref.1 (Doxycycline, -6.6 kcal/mol), Ref.2(Monosdenvir, -7.5 kcal/mol), and Ref.3 (Zanamivir, -5.6 kcal/mol). The result of the study shows that 7-desacetyl-7-benzoylazadiradione and 7-desacetyl-7-benzoylgeduninas compounds with high binding affinity for the target protein. These compounds are found in Azadirachta indica making it a promising candidate for further experimental validation and development of antiviral agents against DENV-2.
Keywords: Molecular docking, Anti-dengue, Anti-viral, ADME analysi
Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablets of Carvedilol
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to formulate and evaluate the carvedilol buccal tablets using HPMC K4M and xanthan gum as polymer. Buccal tablets of carvedilol were prepared by direct compression technique by using polymer in combination at different concentration. Drug excipient compatibility study indicates that there is no interaction between the excipient and the drug. Total seven batches were prepared and subjected to evaluation parameters. Pre-compression parameters for all batches showed excellent flow propertied of powder bled. Prepared buccal tablets were evaluated for various post compression parameters like hardness, thickness, weight variation, drug content, and friability, % swelling index, muco-adhesive strength and in vitro drug release. The harness of all batches was optimum showed good mechanical strength; thickness of tablets was uniform in all formulations the weight variation test of all the formulation was found to be within the limits of pharmacopoeial standard. % swelling index for all the batch formulation was optimum and seen to increase with increase in polymer concentration. Mucoadhesive strength was also showed acceptable results for all batch formulations which satisfy the need of mucoadhesive tablets. The in vitro dissolution profile of all the formulation showed sustained release of drug, for extended periods of time. The optimized formulation of F4 prepared with was consider as the optimized formulation with respect to drug content, % swelling index, Mucoadhesive strength and in vitro drug release pattern for 8 hrs. Formulation F4 showed highest 98.32±1.55 % drug release at the end of 8 hrs. Optimized formulation F4 was found to be stable during the stability studies for 3 month indicating good stability of the formulation.
Keywords: carvedilol, Mucoadhesive strength, Optimized formulation, buccal tablets