Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Formulation and evaluation of Niosomal cream from moringa leaf extract for enhanced Antifungal Activity
Get PDFNiosomal drug delivery systems have gained attention for enhancing the bioavailability and efficacy of pharmaceutical formulations. This study explores the formulation and evaluation of a niosomal antifungal cream incorporating Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Moringa leaves contain bioactive compounds with antifungal properties, making them a potential alternative to synthetic antifungal agents. Niosomes, as vesicular carriers, improve drug stability, penetration, and controlled release, enhancing therapeutic effects. The formulated cream was characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency, pH, spreadability, and in vitro antifungal activity against common fungal strains. The results demonstrated that the niosomal formulation improved drug retention and prolonged antifungal activity compared to conventional creams. The study suggests that a niosomal antifungal cream containing Moringa leaf extract could be an effective natural treatment for fungal infections, offering a promising alternative to conventional antifungal therapies.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera, niosomal cream, antifungal activity, drug delivery, dermatophytosis, Candida albicans, vesicular dru
Nickel nanomaterials as delivery system in combating diseases
Get PDFMany people suffer from the aggravation of infections and inflammations initiated by the exposure of virulent microorganisms or other toxicants globally owing to the development of drug resistance accompanied with drug toxicity, insolubility, non-specificity, and the occurrence of biological barriers. Nanotechnology-based nickel nanomaterials (NiNMs) such as nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) and nickel hydroxide nanoparticles (Ni(OH)2NPs) have attracted attention as nano-medicinal delivery system to inhibit the disease-development and spreading due to their suitable physicochemical characteristics such as nano sizes, effective shapes, high surface to volume ratio, increased reactivity, easy surface-functionalization, and photo-thermal activity. Metallic NiNMs are capable to penetrate cellular membrane causing cellular leakage, and to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for interaction with cellular molecules to damage DNAs, proteins, and lipids leading to microbial or cellular deaths. Moreover, their surface-functionalization with specific ligands, drugs, and other biomolecules may direct their modulations as suitable targeted delivery system on lowering cytotoxicity, minimizing drug degradation and loss, and increasing bioavailability of drug compounds. This review elucidates chiefly on the synthesis, drug loading and functionalization, mechanisms of action, biomedical applications, toxicity, biodistribution and elimination of NiNMs as delivery system in combating diseases.
Keywords: Infections and inflammations; Nickel nanomaterials; Delivery system; Bio-medical application
Exploring the Versatile Applications of Almond Gum Through Crosslinking Reactions: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFAlmond gum, a natural polysaccharide obtained from the exudate of Prunus dulcis, is drawing considerable interest due to its inherent biodegradability, biocompatibility, and multifunctional characteristics. As a plant-derived polymer, it offers a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic materials in a variety of applications. This review highlights the growing utility of almond gum, particularly focusing on its crosslinking behavior using different agents such as glutaraldehyde, carbodiimides, gelatin, sodium caseinate, polyacrylic acid, and periodate-oxidized sugars. These crosslinking agents significantly enhance the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and water resistance of almond gum-based materials, making them more durable and suitable for practical uses. Such chemically modified forms of almond gum are increasingly used in the pharmaceutical and biomedical sectors, as well as in food processing and environmental applications. Furthermore, the development of polyelectrolyte complexes involving almond gum has opened up promising avenues in advanced drug delivery systems, tissue engineering frameworks, and water purification technologies. These complexes improve the functional versatility of almond gum, allowing it to serve as a carrier, stabilizer, or scaffold in various formulations. Modern research supports the wide-ranging potential of almond gum across disciplines including medicine, agriculture, environmental management, and food science. Its natural origin, combined with its functional adaptability, positions it as a smart and sustainable choice. This review consolidates current advancements and industrial prospects, emphasizing almond gum’s role as a valuable, eco-conscious material for next-generation polymer applications.
Keywords: Natural polysaccharide, Crosslinking agents, Drug delivery, Biocompatibility, Sustainable polymer, Environmental applications, Biomedical application
Khaksi (Sisymbrium irio L.): An updated review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology
Get PDFSisymbrium irio L. (Khaksi) is an annual or biennial winter herb belonging to the Brassicaceae or Cruciferae family. It has been used as a medicine since antiquity. Today, it is used as a Unani and folk medicine in various regions of the world for its antipyretic, anti-choleric, aphrodisiac, expectorant and appetizer properties. The various parts of the plant possess many phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, beta-sitosterol, oils, etc., which are known to exhibit several pharmacological actions like antioxidative, antimicrobial, antipyretic, anticancer, and hepatoprotective activities. The literature is taken from Unani classical books and online databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, with the keywords khaksi, Sisymbrium irio, phytochemicals, and their pharmacological actions.
Keywords: Khaksi; London Rocket; Pyrexia; Sisymbrium irio; Unani medicin
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Mammillaria beneckei C. Ehrenb. Stem Extracts: In-Vitro Anti-diabetic and Anti-inflammatory Activities
Get PDFBackground: The present study investigates the In-Vitro Anti-inflammatory and Anti-diabetic properties of different solvent extracts of Mammillaria beneckei C. Ehrenb. Stem, this cactus species is traditionally used in folk medicine. It belongs to the family Cactaceae and the genus Mammillaria, which is known for its globular or cylindrical shape, and most importantly, its flowers.
Methods: Firstly, Phytochemical screening is required to establish the work. After performing phytochemical screening, many of the compound I have already found like- Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Glycosides, and Tannins etc., Pet. Ether, Methanol, Chloroform, and aqueous extracts were prepared using standard extraction techniques. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through inhibition of albumin denaturation assays, while Anti-diabetic potential was assessed via α-amylase enzyme inhibition methods.
Result & Discussion: All extracts exhibited dose-dependent biological activities, with the methanol extract showing the highest inhibition in both anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic assays. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which may contribute to the observed pharmacological effects.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that Mammillaria beneckei stem extracts possess significant Anti-inflammatory and Anti-diabetic potential, warranting further investigation for their use in the development of natural therapeutic agents. Further studies are warranted to explore its bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action.
Keywords: Cactaceae, Albumin denaturation, Bioactive compounds, Phytochemical screening
Formulation and Evaluation of Capsaicin Transemulgel for the Treatment of Arthritis
No full textCapsaicin (CAP)is a non-narcotic analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug used to relieve pain and inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Transemulgel is a new approach with combination emulsion and gel base having special characteristics dual controlled release for the treatment of various conditions arthritis. The present research work, a novel transemulgel with CAP (F1-F6) was formulated by using different concentration of gellan gum (GG) and xanthan gum (XG) as gelling agents with oil in water emulsion base. No significant drug-excipient interactions were observed in FT-IR studies. To evaluate various characterizations of transemulgel such as pH, spreadability, viscosity, gelation time, drug content, Invitro drug release of gel was examined in phosphate buffer pH-7.4 by Franz diffusion cell technique. The optimized transemulgel of (F5) showed pH of 5.8 ± 0.52 and viscosity of2840 ± 0.65cps. The percentage of drug content in the formulated transemulgel (F1-F6) was observed in the range of 84 to 96%w/w respectively. The optimal transemulgel spreadability was found to be 22.23 ± 0.25g·cm/s. The percentage of cumulative drug release from the formulations (F1-F3) were found to be in the range between 72.85 to 62.18% w/w and the batches (F4-F6) were observed in the range 76.85 to 70.66%w/w at the end of 6h.By considering all the investigated data while increase in concentration of GG and XG were influenced rheological properties, drug content efficiency, the Invitro drug release of transemulgel. The present investigate suggest that the CAP loaded transemulgel can be a promising topical delivery to relieve pain, inflammation and provided greater bioavailability to improve therapy.
Keywords: Topical delivery, Transemulgel, Capsaicin, Xanthan gum, Gellan gum, Emulsion, Arthriti
Preparation and Evaluation of Wound Healing Gel Using Extract of Psidium guajuva Leaves and Tridax Daisy Leaves
No full textWounds are physical injuries that results in an opening or breaking of the skin. Proper healing of wounds is very essential for the restoration of disrupted anatomical continuity and disturbed functional status of the skin. Wound healing is a complex but generally orderly process. Sequential waves of specialized cell types first clear the inciting injury and then progressively build the scaffolding to fill in any resulting defect. The antibacterial potential of the crude leaves extracts of Psidium guajava Linn. against some bacteria associated with surgical wound, burns, skin and soft tissue infections were investigated under different conditions. Tridax procumbens (L.) is a spreading annual herb found throughout India. The plant is a native of tropical America and naturalized in tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia. Local people known it as “Ghamara,” in English popularly called “coat buttons” and is dispensed for “Bhringraj” by some of the practitioners of Ayurveda. The plant has many pharmacological applications such as hepatoprotective activity, anti-infl ammatory, wound healing, anti-diabetic activity, hypotensive effect, immunomodulating property, bronchial catarrh, dysentery, and diarrhea and to prevent falling of hair promotes the growth of hair, and antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The leaf juice possesses antiseptic, insecticidal and parasiticidal properties, as a remedy against conjunctivitis and is used also to check hemorrhage from cuts, bruises and wounds insect repellent.
Keywords: Preparation, Evaluation, pharmacological effect, Wound Healing Gel, Antiseptic
Recent outbreaks of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapeutic insights
No full textThe present review aims to discuss comprehensively about the Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) which is a respiratory pathogen belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. Since December 2024, northern China has seen a significant rise of respiratory diseases, including HMPV, particularly among youngsters. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention stated that HMPV was responsible for 6.2% of positive respiratory disease tests and 5.4% of hospitalizations during this time. Similar increases in HMPV cases have been seen in Malaysia, Kazakhstan, India, and Italy. India verified the first instances in early January 2025, including infections in newborns. Human Metapneumovirus initially identified in 2001 in the Netherlands, HMPV is now recognized as a global cause of respiratory infections, particularly among vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Its potential to cause widespread outbreaks has raised concerns about its pandemic potential. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing is considered as the most sensitive and specific approach for identifying HMPV. It entails amplifying viral RNA from respiratory specimens (such as throat swabs, nasopharyngeal swabs, and sputum samples). There are currently no licensed antiviral medications for HMPV. However, some supportive therapy may be proved as beneficial in the HMPV infections. Among these, supplemental oxygen therapy, anti-pyretics (Acetaminophen or Paracetamol), Beta-2 agonists (Albuterol etc.), corticosteroids (Prednisolone etc.), Ribavirin (its efficacy against HMPV is not well documented), hydration therapy and antibiotics are included.
Keywords: Human Metapneumovirus, Paramyxoviridae, respiratory pathogen, Polymerase Chain Reaction, oxygen therapy, corticosteroids
Unani and Modern Perspective to Understanding and Managing Bahaq (Pityriasis Versicolor): A Comprehensive Review
No full textPityriasis versicolor (Bahaq) is a chronic, superficial fungal skin infection caused by Malassezia furfur, characterized by hypopigmented or hyperpigmented macules or patches on the upper trunk, neck and shoulders. It predominantly affects adolescents and young adults, particularly in warm and humid climates. Unani medicine identifies Bahaq as a humoral disorder caused by imbalances in phlegm or black bile, which disrupt pigmentation and skin integrity. Esteemed Unani scholars, including Rabban Tabarī, Zakariya Razi, Ibn Sina and Ajmal Khan, have detailed its etiology, pathogenesis and treatments, emphasizing holistic approaches through herbal remedies, dietary modifications and therapeutic regimens. This review integrates Unani and modern perspectives, highlighting the therapeutic efficacy of antifungal treatments in modern medicine, complemented by Unani principles, such as Munzij (concoctive) and Mushil (purgative) therapies, alongside topical applications and dietotherapy. Unani formulations, including plant-based compounds and traditional regimens, show promise in managing resistant cases, offering a safer alternative to conventional antifungals, which may cause adverse effects. The paper underscores the need for rigorous scientific validation of Unani treatments through clinical trials to bridge traditional and modern dermatological practices. By aligning ancient wisdom with contemporary research, a more comprehensive and patient-centered approach to managing pityriasis versicolor can be achieved. This integration could improve therapeutic outcomes, minimize recurrences, and enhance patient quality of life while preserving the cultural heritage of Unani medicine.
Keywords: Bahaq, Fungal Infection, Malassezia furfur, Pityriasis versicolor, Tinea Versicolor, Unani medicine
Therapeutic Efficacy of Hijāma Dalkiyya (Gliding Cupping) and Targeted Exercises in Waja-i-Mafṣal-i-Katif (Frozen Shoulder) Management: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Frozen shoulder (Waja-i-Mafṣal-i-Katif) is a painful condition that leads to stiffness and restricted movement of the shoulder joint. While conventional treatments often rely on medications, Unani regimenal therapy provides a non-invasive alternative for management.
Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Hijāma Dalkiyya (Gliding Cupping) combined with targeted shoulder exercises in improving pain, mobility, and functional ability in individuals with frozen shoulder.
Methods: A 67-year-old male diagnosed with right shoulder adhesive capsulitis underwent 21 gliding cupping sessions and structured exercises. Pain levels and shoulder mobility were evaluated using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and clinical diagnostic tests before and after treatment.
Results: The intervention resulted in a notable improvement in range of motion (ROM), a reduction in SPADI scores, and the negation of previously positive diagnostic tests. The combined effects of cupping therapy and exercise enhanced blood circulation, reduced inflammation, and restored flexibility, improving shoulder function.
Conclusion: Unani regimenal therapy, particularly gliding cupping with targeted exercises, shows promise as an effective, non-pharmacological approach for treating frozen shoulder. Further clinical studies are recommended to validate these findings and integrate this method into modern rehabilitation practices.
Keywords: Frozen shoulder, Unani therapy, Hijāma Dalkiyya, Gliding cupping, Shoulder rehabilitatio