The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Determination of in vitro Biocontrol Potentials of Antagonist Bacterial Isolates Against Onion Basal and Root Rot Disease Agent Fusarium proliferatu
Get PDFVarious Fusarium species cause significant yield and quality losses in onion (Allium cepa L.) plants. Onion basal and root rot, caused by Fusarium proliferatum, is an emerging postharvest disease that causes severe economic losses. Although the disease has long been recognized as a major constraint to the production of Allium spp., there is insufficient information to support disease management. In recent years, a need has arisen for environmentally friendly, innovative alternative methods to avoid the use of chemical pesticides in the control of diseases that are a problem in agriculture. In this study, the biocontrol efficiency of antagonistic bacterial isolates obtained from bulbs, roots and leaves of healthy onion plants was investigated against F. proliferatum in vitro. The antagonistic activity of the bacterial isolates in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the fungal agent was determined by the dual culture assay. The bacterial isolates were identified by morphological, biochemical and proteomic (MALDI-TOF MS) methods. A total of 18 putative bacterial isolates were obtained from the bulbs, roots and leaves of healthy onion plants on selective media. As a result of in vitro dual culture assays, only six bacterial isolates (Bacillus cereus MK2, Enterobacter xiangfangensis MK3, Bacillus thuringiensis MK8, Alcaligenes faecalis MK9, Pseudomonas putida MK16 and Citrobacter freundii MK17) significantly suppressed mycelial growth of disease agent (43.89-50.56%25 inhibition). Bacillus cereus MK2 was found to be the most effective bacterial isolate with a 50.56%25 inhibition rate of mycelial growth. Overall, the results suggest that Bacillus cereus MK2 could be used as a potential biocontrol agent for a sustainable and environmentally friendly control strategy for onion fields affected by Fusarium basal and root rot disease. It is necessary to conduct further studies on the effects of the effective bacterial isolates against the pathogen in vivo and their mechanisms of action
Micro-Climatic effect on Cotton Yield, quality, Bt toxin amp%253B GT Gene
No full textUnsuitable change in climatic conditions cause decline in quality and yield of major crops. Plant growth is directly affected if temperature, rainfall or humidity are not optimum. A multi-location and multi season evaluation of climatic effects on quality and yield may produce a reliable data for future breeding. A set of 39 upcoming varieties of cotton were evaluated on six different Micro-climatic locations of Punjab i.e. Multan, Bahawalpur, Sahiwal, Rahimyar khan, Vehari and Faisalabad in a triplicated trial. The experiment was repeated next year on same locations. Data for three key environmental factors such as temperature, rainfall and humidity was recorded at each station. The crop was analyzed for yield, fiber length, fiber strength and fiber fineness. The genotypes were also evaluated for Bt toxin and Glyphosate tolerance gene (GTG). The analysis revealed that high temperature has negative effect on yield, Bt expression, fineness, uniformity and GTG. Precipitation and humidity had positive effect on fiber fineness and uniformity, whereas, negative effect of both environmental factors was recorded for fiber length and strength. Increase in precipitation at early cropping stage was associated with increase in yield whereas higher humidity has negative impact on yield. As compared to high average temperature and number of days above 400C, cotton yield is more sensitive to heat waves (maximum temperature). Varieties with high temperature tolerance in cotton should be breed for climate change scenario
Environment- and Genotype-Dependent Stability in the Common Wheat Grain Quality (Triticum aestivum L.)
Get PDFThe study was conducted to evaluate the stability of common wheat varieties in four locations with proven different environmental conditions. Three indexes of grain quality were studied%253A wet gluten content, (WGC)%253B gluten index of grain (GI) and grain sedimentation value (Zeleny). The stability of varieties has been evaluated by many parameters that reflect different aspects of the complete picture for it. The indexes studied are strongly influenced by environmental conditions. The most genetically stable among them is the gluten index (GI), where the genotype has a decisive role of about 70%25 of the variation, and the most unstable is the wet gluten content (WGC), with only 17%25 of the effect. As a result of reliable GE, the ranking of the varieties according to the performance of each of the indexes is different in the individual locations. The ranking of varieties in terms of stability according to the ranks of each of the parameters is very different. Even a visual representation of the results, which clears the picture to the maximum extent, shows a different set of stable varieties in each of the quality indexes. Only a few of the varieties (G2, G6, G9, G13, G18, G20, G22) have a good balance between the size and stability of all quality parameters, with a moderate compromise with the grain yield level. The assessment of the stability of the variety in terms of quality can be made according to any of the indexes used. The stability of the variety depends to a large extent on the effect of the environment, which must be considered when selecting a specific index for assessment. The most suitable for this purpose is the gluten index (GI), where the influence of genotype is the strongest, with a significant GE interaction accounting for 25%25 of all variation. The stability of the variety does not depend on the magnitude of the quality indexes. Stable can be both quality (G2, G6) and varieties with very low grain quality (G18, G20, G22). Stability of quality, at high levels of indexes, is associated with low grain yield and vice versa. From this point of view, combining high yield stability and grain quality at the highest possible levels is a very rare exception (G2, G9)
Influence of Systematic Mineral Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Malting Barley Variety quot%253BAhatquot%253B
No full textThe study was carried out during the period of 2019-2021 in the experimental field of the IASS quot%253BObraztsov chiflikquot%253B - Ruse in a long-term stationary fertilizer trial with a 4-pole crop rotation, including interchange of corn, barley, beans and wheat, according to the scheme of Georges Ville in three replications located according Rümker. Fertilization options are the individual and combined application of the three macroelements ndash%253B nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the non-fertilized control is used for comparison. The yields of the wintering malting barley variety quot%253BAhatquot%253B grown in the conditions of permanent fertilizer experiment are affected by the weather conditions, and during the research period 2020 appears to be the most favorable for the development of the crop, due to the sufficient amount of evenly distributed precipitation and its combination with optimal average monthly temperatures during the growing season. In all years of testing, the variants with individual and combined application of nitrogen showed proven higher yields compared to the control. The long-term accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in the variants with their individual and combined applications has a depressing effect on the plants, and hence a negative impact on the yield. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of the grain are changed under the influence of fertilization, analogously to yields. The parameters mass per 1000 grains, germination and crude protein content were higher in the variants with nitrogen fertilization and decreased or close to the control in the other variants. Differences in hectoliter weight and grain uniformity are not statistically proven
Assessing Stakeholders Satisfaction with the Transformation of Conventional Auction into an E-Auction
Get PDFCeylon Tea is renowned as the finest quality teas in the world. Colombo tea auction, which was functioned as the single origin traditional system is the main marketing platform for Ceylon tea. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the industry was encouraged with the conversion of conventional tea auction into the virtual E- auction. Hence, this study aimed to assess stakeholders%252339%253B satisfaction with this transformation and its pros and cons effects. A stratified sampling technique was used to collect 75 stakeholders who are directly and indirectly connected with the E-auction. A pretested survey instrument validated by applying a reliability test was administrated to collect data on perceived ease of use, usefulness, usability, socio-economic factors, and industry-related factors. The SWOT analysis was also undertaken on the gathered data to identify how best E-Auctioning process was matched with todays context of tea market. The ordinal logistic regression test results reveal that the degree of stakeholders satisfaction with the transformation process varied in the range of high, moderate, and low, with values of 45.3%25, 49.3%25, and 5.3%25, respectively. The overall model was significant at the 0.05 significant level and its results exhibited that stakeholder satisfaction was positively correlated with experience, age, perceived ease of use, and usefulness, whilst it was negatively correlated with education level, usability, and stakeholder type. The SWOT analysis results revealed that the newly implemented E-auction has many strengths and opportunities such as the ability to log in at any given time, maintaining high transparency, timesaving, reduction of operational cost, and real-time updating dashboard and some weakness and threats such as poor interaction among buyers and sellers, not fully automated current system, not a good system for people who have low IT literacy compared to conventional tea auction, mental tidiness among system operators etc.. Hence, this study confirms that there are both positive and negative effects of the newly implemented E-auction over a traditional auction and require user friendly simplified and more navigated IT related interventions to elevate more efficient and effective E-auction system with the technological advancement of the ICT sector
Annual Monitoring Programme of European Red Wood Ants Distributed in Yildiz (Stranjha) Mountains
Get PDFIn this study, nests belonging to the European Red Wood ant Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783 in the Yildiz (Stranjha) Mountains of Kırklareli province of Türkiye were examined in the spring and autumn periods. Field studies were carried out in previously registered regions and in Çağlayık Village, which was registered for the first time. The field results determined that 31 of the 43 known nests were destroyed, and the current number of nests was 31 with 19 newly detected nests. During the field studies of the nests in two separate periods, diameter and height data, nest shape, and habitat characteristics were examined and recorded on the nest identification cards. The results demonstrated that all of the nests are monodome type built in the forest clearing and mostly in sun-drenched areas. Nest volumes were evaluated as an indicator for determining colony density, and the measurements in the two periods were compared to determine the effect of seasonal changes. The factors causing the destruction of nests were determined as a factor causing nest destruction, habitat destruction, and conversion of the land into different usage areas. Distribution maps were prepared with the coordinate data of the nests. Living areas (area of occupancy, AOO) were calculated with a 2x2 km grid added to the distribution maps, and extent of occurrence (EOO) was calculated with appropriate polygons. The results demonstrated that with the destruction of 31 nests, AOO decreased by 45%25 and EOO by 40%25 over a period of 4 years. Adding newly found nests to the remaining nests with the current distribution map prepared showed that AOO occupies a smaller area by 20%25 and EOO by 26%25 compared to the previous distribution in 2014. Regarding nest volumes, there was no significant difference in the two periods. The data obtained indicates the high extinction rate in a short time and the fact that the current distribution is lower than the previous distribution despite the new nests, indicating the importance of conducting a conservation study
Evaluation the Effects of Chia Supplementation on Basisa Functional Properties
Get PDFBassissa is one of the traditional Arabian foods and characterized by high nutritional value and health benefits. However, its preparation procedures could negatively influence its nutritional components. Accordingly, the objectives of this research was to supplement bassissa with chia powder by 5 and 10%25 and evaluate its effects on bassissa nutritional and sensory attributes. Three types of bassissa were prepared according to their original areas in Libya. Then, dietary fiber, omega 6, omega 3, bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine and pyridoxine), minerals and sensory properties of bassissa samples were measured. The results indicated that addition of chia by 5 or 10%25 to all bassissa samples significantly increased total dietary fiber. Furthermore, adding chia by 5 or 10%25 caused a significant (p ˂ 0.05) elevation in the content of ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine and pyridoxine. Moreover, chia-fortified bassissa significantly recorded higher values of the studied minerals and omega 3 and 6. The sensory properties of chia-fortified samples had higher grades compared to the controls. Chia powder can be used as a functional ingredient and as an improver of the sensory and nutritional properties of bassissa
Effect of Fertilizing Method, Silt Soil, and Application of Effective Microorganism on Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in a Greenhouse
No full textThe experiment was conducted on a private farm at Northern Elselait Scheme, Khartoum State, Sudan to study the effect of fertilization method, soil type, and microorganism application on the growth and yield of tomatoes crop op under greenhouse conditions. Silt soil and two types of fertilizing units (injector and by-pass) were used for applying effective microorganisms (EM) in two levels (0 and 12 L%252Fha), at fortnight intervals after 45 days to 90 days from planting. A split-plot design was used with three replications. The data collected were%253A plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of flowers, number of fruits, and weight of fruits per plant. . The production indicators showed that tomato crop agronomic parameters were significantly (P le%253B 0.05) affected by the method of fertigation and application of effective microorganisms. A mean yield of 5.4 tons per hectare of plants grown on silt soil and fertilized with effective microorganisms (EM) using an injector fertilizing unit, when fertilization was done by a by-pass fertilizer system applying effective microorganisms (EM) gave a yield of 4.6 ton%252Fha and yield ton per hectare of silt soil fertilized by injector fertilizer with non-applied effective microorganisms (EM0) was 7.3 ton%252Fha, while with silt soil fertilized by a by-pass fertilizer unit with non-applied effective microorganisms (EM0) it was 5.5 ton%252Fha
Response of Congo Grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis L. Germain and Evard) to Nitrogen Fertilization on an Oxisol in Western Highlands Agro-ecological Zone of Cameroon
Get PDFIn the context of climate change, sustainable fertilization management can be achieved by the use of minimum external agricultural inputs capable of generating both economic and environmental benefits. In this regard, a study conducted in western highlands agro-ecological zone of Cameroon revealed the response of Brachiaria ruziziensis (an important cover crop and forage) to a range of nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kgN.ha-1) combined with a constant level of P2O5 (100 kgN.ha-1) and K2O (50 kg%252Fha) evaluated using a randomized complete block design. The findings showed that in a regularly cultivated soil, Congo grass is capable of meeting its mineral needs by searching for them in strata of the soil below the cultural profile (0-25 cm). As a result, in comparison to non-fertilized units (27.75 t.ha-1), fertilized units did not provide a significant dry matter yield (P gt%253B 0.05). Despite the lack of a significant difference, the yield increased with the addition of nitrogen until it reached 100 kg%252Fha, and then decreased until it reached 200 kg N.ha-1. As a result, Congo grass should be used as a biological pump, bringing lixiviated minerals to the surface to favor soil fertility replenishment and shorten fallow period
Application of Mobile Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Method in the Determination of Varietal Differences in Parsley (Petroselinum Crispum) Seeds
Get PDFStandard methods used for seed quality are relatively slow and require expensive supplies. An optical mobile installation for the study of parsley seeds (Petroselinum crispum) has been successfully set up and tested. The present study aims to establish the application of mobile fluorescence spectroscopy as a method to determine varietal differences in parsley seeds. The proposed method includes the examination of parsley seeds of different varieties with a mobile fiber optic system by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. Spectral distributions are unique to seeds of a particular variety. This fact justifies the use of the plant to recognize available parsley seeds of unknown origin in a non-invasive way with high accuracy. The stability of the breeding line and its common blacks with an established variety of the same species can be monitored by monitoring the signal intensity. The stability and signal intensity level of is close. The spectral distribution with wavelengths of the reflected emission of the studied parsley seeds reflects the characteristic distribution of the standard varieties. The installation can be applied with high accuracy to study parsley seeds in the field