The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Development and Validation of Analytical Methods for Quantification of L-Dopa%253B Application to Plant Materials
Get PDFAn essential neurotransmitter used to treat nervous system dysfunction like Parkinson%252339%253Bs disease is L-dopa. The amount of L-dopa in plant materials has been measured in this study using chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods that are user-friendly, straightforward, quick, and affordable. Utilizing conventional instrumental parameters, high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry methods were established. In accordance with ICH guidelines, these analytical methods were validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The chromatographic procedure made use of an Agilent Extend C18 (250times%253B4.6 mm, 5 micro%253Bm) column. 0.1%25 trifloroacetic acid solution and acetonitrile (92%252F8, v%252Fv) were used as mobile phase. It was run in isocrotic mode and the flow rate was 1 mL min-1. The retention time of L-dopa was determined as 3.85 minutes. L-dopa was identified using the spectrophotometric method, which involved measuring the solutions%252339%253B absorbance at a wavelength of 280 nm. In spectrophotometric analysis, ultra-pure water as a solvent gave sufficient molar absorptivity at a lambda%253Bmax of 280 nm. The results showed that spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods were linear, accurate, precise, robust, and the percent recovery was within standard limits. No statistically significant distinction existed between the methods within the 95%25 confidence interval (plt%253B0.05). The developed methods can be used to quantify L-dopa in plant materials for routine analysis and have been found to be very efficient
Investigation of Pasta Consumption Habits in Türkiye
Get PDFThis study aim to determine pasta consumption habits in Türkiye. Durum wheat is the basic raw material of pasta. Türkiye is one of the most important durum wheat producing country in the world. Pasta is widely consumed and cooked in household for centuries due to its long shelf life, easy preparation, delicious taste and affordable food. In the study%253B considering the geographical regions of Türkiye, the provinces with the highest population in the regions were biasedly selected. While number of surveys to be conducted with consumers was determined as 1815 according to the simple random sampling method, they were completed in 2019 through face-to-face interviews with consumers. Results indicated that 30%25 of households in Türkiye bought pasta once a week, 37.3%25 of households cooked pasta once a week. On the other hand, average consumption per person was found as 11.95 kg. Results also determined that price and quality are the most important criterias of consumers in demanding pasta . It was observed that consumers tended to eat healthier rather than meet their nutritional needs. Although pasta has an important place in Turkish cuisine, the results of the research proved again that pasta was a food consumed by all age groups in Türkiye. Considering that sauces come to the forefront in countries where pasta is consumed the most, developing and recommending sauces suitable for the Turkish palate may be one of the ways to increase pasta consumption
Determination of the Effectiveness of Some Fungicides on Botrytis cinerea, the Causative Agent of Grapevine Gray Mold Disease
Get PDFIn this study, the effectiveness of Fenhexamid, Captan, Cyprodinil, Pyrimethanil and Hymexazol on Botrytis cinerea isolates obtained from vineyards were determined. For this purpose, the efficacy of fungicides at 0.01, 0.05, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50mu%253Bg%252FmL concentrations of each fungicide on mycelium development of Botrytis cinerea and on grape berries were investigated. PDA media containing different doses of fungicides were used to determine their efficacy on mycelium growth. In order to determine their efficacy on grape berries, they were wounded with a needle and treated with fungicides in two different ways, before and after infection. As a result of the experiment, Fenhexamide inhibited mycelium growth 100%25 at 0.5ppm, while the other fungicides hymexazole, cyprodinil and pyrimethanil inhibited 100%25 at 25ppm. Captan reached 100%25 inhibition rate only at 50ppm. In grape berries trials, fenhexamide and captan were more effective after infection, pyrimethanil was more effective when applied before infection, but hymexazole and cyprodinil had the same effect when applied before or after infection
Bioremediation of Synthetic Prepared Domestic Wastewater with P. chrysosporium
Get PDFIn this study, the removal efficiencies were evaluated based on key environmental parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP), using P. chrysosporium white rot fungus to treat synthetically prepared domestic wastewater. The research aimed to assess the suitability of bioremediation results with respect to the Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation. The experiment was carried out over a span of 11th days, employing static 1%252F1 and 1%252F5, as well as dynamic 1%252F1 and 1%252F5 dilution ratios. The outcomes revealed varying removal efficiencies, with the highest rates observed at dynamic conditions and a 1%252F5 dilution ratio%253A 84%25 for COD, 81%25 for TOC, 73%25 for TN, and 56%25 for TP. Conversely, the lowest removal efficiencies were determined under static 1%252F1 conditions, reaching 48%25 for COD, 33%25 for TOC, 31%25 for TN, and 45%25 for TP. Based on the results, it is evident that P. chrysosporium exhibited effective bioremediation capabilities on synthetic domestic wastewater within a reasonable 11th day period. Furthermore, the results aligned with the specified limit values outlined in the Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation. Consequently, the study highlights the efficacy of P. chrysosporium as a valuable species for biological treatment stages in urban wastewater management
Effect of High-Pressure Homogenization and Fat Content on Yogurt Fermentation Process
Get PDFThe application of the traditional homogenization process used in yogurt production under higher pressure, such as 50-200 MPa, is a new approach to improving yogurt structure and quality effectively. High-pressure homogenization (HPH) is considered a technology that changes the microstructure, water holding capacity, viscosity, and sensorial properties of yogurts by affecting fat globules and protein structures depending on fat content. In this study, the effects on bacterial growth, acidification kinetics and viscosity development were investigated in the production of yogurt from fatty and semi-skimmed milk with HPH. HPH treatment and fat content had a positive effect on the bacterial growth rate, and the maximum counts of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus were determined in the yogurt sample made from fatty milk treated with 100 MPa pressure as 8.65 and 9.16 log cfu%252Fg, respectively. Also, the pH and viscosity change during incubation was affected and the Vmax and mu%253Bmax values for fatty milk treated with 100 MPa pressure reached maximum values of 1.67x10-2 pH unit%252Fmin and 2.35x10-2 Pa.s units%252Fmin, respectively. With the HPH treatment, the fermentation time in fatty yogurt was shortened by 60 min compared to the control sample
Application of Mobile Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Method in the Determination of Varietal Differences in Carrots (Daucus Carota) after Harvesting
Get PDFThe present study aims to establish the application of fluorescence spectroscopy as a field method in the determination of varietal differences after carrot harvesting. The experimental studies were conducted on site at the farm where the carrot accessions were grown. The fluorescence analysis was carried out with a source with an emission wavelength of 285 nm and an author-developed mobile fiber-optic experimental set-up. The subjects of this research are root crops from Nantes, Short`n Sweet, Touchon, and Flakkee.
The correlation between the emission signals of the samples was established. This fact allows mobile fluorescence spectroscopy to be successfully applied as a rapid tool to establish the origin of unknown carrot accessions in the presence of a rich library of spectra as an applied tool in breeding programs. The results of the experiment can be used to optimize the time for the analysis of the varietal differences of the carrot genotypes after harvest. Fluorescence spectroscopy in a fiber-optical configuration will support the process of determining the belonging of a specific variety to a given variety (even for samples of unknown origin when it is necessary to qualify the result of accessions in a short time)
The Effectiveness of Farmer Field School Extension Approach for Technology Transfer to Tea Smallholders in Sri Lanka
Get PDFAlthough tea smallholders play a dominant role in the tea industry in Sri Lanka, they have faced many constraints such as poor adoption of technology, scarcity of skilled labor and inputs, low productivity, high cost of production, etc. In searching for a viable mechanism to address the technology adoption issues, this study designs to assess the effectiveness of the Farmer Field School (FFS) extension approach implemented in Kandy district in Sri Lanka to improve the adoption rate of cultural practices toward increasing productivity and profitability in tea smallholdings. The stratified purposive sampling technique was performed to select 50 tea smallholders who participated in FFS programs and another 50 tea smallholders who have not attended the same programs (NFFS Group) in eight Grama Niladhari Divisions in the Kandy district. A cross-sectional field survey using a pretested and validated survey instrument was administrated to collect primary data. Using the 5-point Likert scale, indices were developed to measure variables, and descriptive analysis and ordered logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the data. The results show that there was a significant difference in the adoption of agricultural practices between FFS and NFFS tea smallholders (t %253D3.362, p lt%253B 0.001), the productivity of land (t %253D 1.991, p lt%253B 0.05), and cost of production (t %253D -3.976, p lt%253B 0.001). The results of the ordered logistic regression model revealed that the model was fitted significantly (p lt%253B 0.05) and confirmed that the degree of adoption of recommended cultural practices by tea smallholders was positively and significantly correlated with their educational level (p lt%253B 0.05), attitude on field practices (p lt%253B 0.1), knowledge of tea field technologies (p lt%253B 0.01), experience in tea cultivation (p lt%253B 0.1), tea land productivity (P lt%253B 0.05), and group dynamic interaction in the learning process of tea farm field school-extension related learning activities (p lt%253B 0.05). Hence, this study proved that the FFS approach is a useful agricultural innovation and dissemination platform for improving tea smallholders knowledge and changing their attitude toward the adoption of cultivation practices for improving tea smallholdings land productivity and profitability in Sri Lanka
The Effects of Exogenous Glutamine Application on Some Germination Parameters of Different Carrot Cultivars Grown in Salinity Conditions
Get PDFCarrot (Daucus carota), which can be orange, yellow, purple, white and red in color due to the difference in the pigments it contains, is a very rich food in terms of carotene and ascorbic acid. In this study, the effects of exogenous Glutamine (Gln) pre-treatments ( 1, 2, 3, 4 mM) on the some germination parameters of carrot seeds (orange, yellow, purple), which are known to be sensitive to salt stress according to the cultivar, were investigated under salt stress conditions (150 mM NaCl). For this purpose, germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination rate coefficient (CVG), germination rate index (GRI), germination index (GI), which are some of the important germination parameters, were determined. According to the results of analysis of variance, it was determined that there was an interaction between cultivars and applications and all germination parameters under salt stress conditions (***plt%253B0.001). The effect of Gln pre-treatments on germination under salt stress and unstressed conditions differed according to the application dose and cultivar. Glutamine application under salt stress had no effect on germination except for the orange carrot cv. In this cultivar, 1 mM pre-treatment had a positive effect on germination parameters under salt stress conditions. In unstressed conditions, although 3 mM Gln pretreatment in orange carrot cv. and 4 mM Gln in yellow carrot cv. had a positive effect on germination parameters compared to control, the highest germination in purple carrot cv. was obtained in control seeds
New Emerging Technique to Intensify Convective Air Drying Process%253A Impact of Interval Starting Accessibility Drying (ISAD) on Quality Attributes of Strawberries Fruits
Get PDFDue to their high moisture content, strawberry fruits are very perishable. Fruits drying has been of rising interest during the last decades. Nevertheless, for heat-sensitive products such as strawberries, during drying, there is a difference between moisture located at the surface and inside the product. As a consequence, fruits suffer cracks or even more cells rupture. To address these issues, ISAD process was proposed in this study. The obtained results are very promoting and present ISAD as a relevant solution to problems caused by the conventional drying method. Indeed, the physicochemical parameters characterization demonstrated that ISAD technology improves certain quality parameters, in term of total color difference, total polyphenol content retention and textural quality of strawberry fruits. It is noteworthy that color change for ISAD-treated samples decreased significantly (plt%253B0.05) as compared to that of continuous drying. Moreover, it was found that increasing the tempering time periods gradually enhanced this positive impact. Texture property of ISAD treated fruits was measured. ISAD treated slices were less firm (softest) compared to conventionally treated ones. Finally, minimum loss of polyphenol compound occurred in ISAD dried samples. The quality attributes were well maintained while dried with ISAD regime. This can be attributed to the redistribution of moisture during tempering period, since it helps reducing temperature and moisture gradients and therefore the internal stresses within the product and thus final product quality
Potentials of Berry Fruits Pomaces for Bio-Based Films
Get PDFNowadays, there are new approaches and goals for packaging materials for advantages on foods and friendly properties on environment. For these purposes, biodegradable polymers are much preferred to replace conventional polymeric goods in packaging applications. Biopolymers, such as carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMS), environmentally friendly sustainable plastic alternatives. The worldwide need for bioplastic as an alternative for conventional plastics because of their nontoxicity, biocompatibility, renewability, and biodegradability properties. They are commonly produced using different raw materials (proteins and polysaccharides), which are mostly derived from plants (cellulose-based plastics and starch derived plastics), and microbial sources.
Moreover, there is more than a need to preserve natural resources and to reduce plastic waste materials by replacing them by bio-alternatives. It should be solution that wasted foods, which are the GRAS, should be a source for enriching biopolymers with their valuable bioactive compounds. Fruits and vegetables, especially berries that contain high content of valuable bioactive compounds, can be used for enriching to biopolymers and for production of active films and indicators. It has high importance for food science because oxidation and microbial contamination present major problems that influence quality and safety of different products during their storage. Currently, to overcome these points, there are some approaches can be applied. For instance, bioactive compounds and antioxidant agents from berries can be directly added to biopolymers. Blueberries, red and purple grape, black mulberries etc. and their industrial wasted present good sources of antioxidants, non-flavonoids and flavonoids. Phenols are primarily found in the skin and pomace of berries. It is known that most of these phenols are typically wasted due to poor extraction during fermentation. Therefore, these wastes are of great importance for biofilms. However, it is also essential to investigate their effects on other properties, such as texture, taste, solubility, etc