The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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A Review about A Significant Source of Bioactive Compounds%253A Microalgae
No full textMicroalgae are single-celled microorganisms with different morphological, physiological, and genetic characteristics. They have an essential place in the aquatic ecosystem due to their photosynthetic feature. Microalgae produce various bioactive compounds as products of primary or secondary metabolism. The bioactive compounds they have%253B bioactive peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, bioactive polysaccharides, vitamins, phenolic compounds, and pigments. These components they produce can accumulate in the biomass and be released into the development environment. Thanks to the bioactive components they produce, microalgae have functional properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, and antihypertensive. Thanks to these features, it is reported that it has many uses and can acquire new areas of use day by day. Today, four microalgae species draw attention from the microalgae, which has a field of use in industries such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceutics, and aquaculture. These are Spiruna, Chlorella, Dunaliella and Haematococcus. Chlorella contains beta-1,3-glucan, which has antioxidant properties and acts as a free radical scavenger. Spirulina, on the other hand, can be used as a food supplement with its high amino acid content (62%25). It is also a rich source of vitamins A, B1, B2, B12, and xanthophylls. Microags meet the essential fatty acids needs of fish with the polyunsaturated fatty acids they contain. Microalgae are the primary source of polyunsaturated fatty acids known as fish oil, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. It has been reported that microalgae are an under-researched source in terms of both supplementary food and functional ingredient addition in the food industry for a healthy diet. The scope of this review, it is aimed to explain the bioactive compounds possessed by microalgae and the functional properties of these compounds
Application of Mobile Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Method in the Determination of Varietal Differences in Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa) Seeds
Get PDFStandard methods used for seed quality are relatively slow and require expensive supplies. The present study aims to establish the application of mobile fluorescence spectroscopy as a method to determine varietal differences in lettuce seeds. An optical mobile installation for the study of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds has been successfully set up and tested. The proposed method includes the examination of lettuce seeds of different varieties with a mobile fiber optic system by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. Spectral distributions are unique to seeds of a particular variety. This fact justifies the use of the plant to recognize available lettuce seeds of unknown origin in a non-invasive way with high accuracy. The stability of the breeding line and its common blacks with an established variety of the same species can be monitored by monitoring the signal intensity. The stability and signal intensity level is close. The spectral distribution of wavelengths of the reflected emission of the studied lettuce seeds reflects the characteristic distribution of the standard varieties. The installation can be applied with high accuracy to study lettuce seeds in the field
The Investigation of Some Morphological Characteristics of Forage Kochia Genotypes Determined Emergence Ratio
Get PDFForage kochia is a semi-shrub forage plant tolerant to drought, cold and soil salinity. In addition to being a quality feed source for livestock, with its ability to remain green in the dry feed period when other fodder plants dry up, it also offers the opportunity to fight wildfire during this season. Despite these advantages of forage kochia, the fact that it loses its seed viability in a brief time causes the restriction of the cultivation of this plant. For this reason, the seeds of three different forage kochia genotypes (C1, C2, M5) harvested in November 2018 and stored under room conditions were periodically sown at five different periods%253B the day after harvest, 4th months, 7th months, 10th months, and 13th months after harvest in greenhouse conditions. The study%252339%253Bs first objective was to determine the genotype with the most prolonged viable period of seed viability. At this study stage, the M5 genotype, sown 10th months after harvest, was recorded as the highest value with a 35.7%25 emergence ratio. The survey also obtained C1 and M5 genotypes that retained seed viability one year after harvest. In the second phase of the study, plants showing emergence were planted in the field conditions in November 2020, and plant height, canopy diameter, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf color, and hairiness of the plants were examined throughout 2021 and 2022. When the averages of the two-year data were analyzed, it was determined that genotype C1 had the highest plant height with 105 cm when sown 13th months after harvest. Although the genotype M5, which was also sown in this period, had the shortest plant height with a plant height of 42.5 cm, it can be stated that this genotype also had the darkest leaf color (Scoring 7.25%253B 1%253A Red-Grey, 3%253A Grayish Green, 5%253A Bluish Green, 7%253A Green, 9%253A Dark Green). As a result of the study, it can be stated that C1 and M5 genotypes, which were sown 13th months after harvest, stand out from the other genotypes in terms of their long seed viability period and morphological characteristics for use as a gene resource in forage kochia breeding
The Effect of Sample Hazelnut Orchard Practices on Productivity%253A Trabzon Province, the Case of Arsin District
Get PDFHazelnut, occupying an important place in Turkey%252339%253Bs economy, is the main source of income for many families of farmers. Hazelnut is grown especially in the Black Sea region. In recent years, it was observed that the average hazelnut yield in Turkey remained below that in other hazelnut producing countries. This research, it was aimed to investigate whether the agricultural practices carried out in the gardens defined as quot%253Bsample hazelnut gardensquot%253B by the Arsin Chamber of Agriculture in Trabzon province have a positive effect on yield and to compare these practices with those of producers growing hazelnuts with traditional methods. In this study, all of seventeen producers who own sample gardens registered in the Chamber of Agriculture were face to face interviewed according to the census method, and surveys were administered. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between sample hazelnut orchard practices and yield. In the study, a moderate negative relationship was found between the number of ocak and hazelnut yield at the 5%25 significance level (r %253D -0.595), and it was determined that hazelnut yield increased as the number of ocak decreased. The study also revealed that the new practices in pruning, fertilization, and weed control methods of the sample hazelnut orchards yields were higher than those in traditional garden practices. It was determined that the average hazelnut yield obtained by producers who practice hazelnut gardens is approximately 2 times higher than those in Trabzon province and Turkey. It was concluded that sample hazelnut garden practices and agricultural extension and applied training studies need to be widespread and supported in order to increase hazelnut yield in this region
Chemical Defoliation in the Vine Nursery
Get PDFThe trial was carried out in the period 2017-2020 in a vine nursery located on slightly leached chernozem. The objective of the study was to investigate the opportunities of applying the contact foliar herbicides Basta 15 SL (150 g%252Fl glufosinate-ammonium) and Diqua 20 SL (200 g%252Fl diquat) as defoliants, immediately before removing the vines from the nursery (the second half of October). Their effect on the above-ground vegetative mass of the grafted rooted vines of the varieties Muscat Plevenski, Bolgar, Naslada and Storgozia was established. The herbicides were applied in different doses, once and twice at the end of the growing season with work solution of 50 l%252Fda. The strongest defoliating effect in all varieties was reported after treatment with Diqua 20 SL at a dose of 0.6 l%252Fda and the combination of Basta %2B Diqua (0.3 %2B 0.33 l%252Fda) with two applications, but in case it was not possible the second treatment to be performed, a satisfactory result might be achieved with a single application of the herbicides no later than 15 days before removing the vines from the nursery. To prove the vines capacity for development during the next growing season, the status of their buds after the treatment with the tested herbicides was determined. No negative vines response caused by this type of defoliation was found
In Rural Areas Internet Connection Problems and Solution Recommendations Experienced in The Process of Using Smart Agriculture Methods in Olive Farming
Get PDFThe olive is one of the most important crops grown in the Mediterranean region, both in terms of total surface area and its socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Olive and olive oil are the essential components of the Mediterranean diet and are largely consumed in the world. It is very significant to provide economic and environmental sustainability by better managing scarce natural resources in olive farming. Modern planting systems, mechanization and digitalization are taking place rapidly in olive farming around the world. In Türkiye, olive production mostly is done with traditional methods, and most producers belong to rural communities. The rise of new technologies, such as the Internet of Things, is expected to contribute to the increase of the productivity of agricultural and farming activities by improving yields and reducing cost. Olive fruit fly is the primary pest of olive and causes a significant amount of yield and quality losses. Using early warning systems could accurately determine the spraying times by using climate data in the control of diseases and pests in olive orchards. In this research%253B at the workshop organized within COMMECT, an EU HORIZON project (Project aims to contribute to a balanced territorial development of the EUs rural areas and their communities by making smart agriculture) the views of 65 selected olive producers on the use of early warning systems, their connection status and the problems experienced were evaluated. As a consequence in this study connection problems and solution recommendations were underlined and recent developments in this area were discussed with cost-effective and environmentally friendly approaches
Determination of the Bacterial Community in Soils Associated with Rare Wild Leguminous Species Cicer Montbretii Jaub. amp%253B Spach and Lupinus albus L. in Strandzha Natural Park
Get PDFThe soil formation in Strandzha Mountain is influenced by the particular combination of the climate%252339%253Bs unique forest tree vegetation, the extraordinary variety of root and soil-forming rocks, the hilly low-mountainous relief with significant fragmentation, a densely located hydrographic network with short slopes and dominant exposures. The diversity of soil microorganisms is crucial for plant growth and development and it makes it possible to understand in detail the plant-microbial interactions. The objectives of this study were to determine soil bacteria associated with rare wild leguminous species Cicer montbretii Jaub. amp%253B Spach (Constantinople chickpeas) and Lupinus albus L. (white lupinus) in Strandzha National Park. A new locality of Cicer montbretii Jaub was marked nearby village of Brodilovo. L. albus was found in saline-alkaline soil (A1) and yellow earth podzolic soils (A2) around the village of Brodilovo and the Great Pazvlak area. C. montbretii was found to grow on cinnamon forest soils (B1) and siliceous red soil (B2). A study was conducted by physio-chemical analyses and by assessing 16S rDNA metagenomics technique used to generate a total of 126,837 reads from the samples. The most significant number of observed species 2249 was found in soils saline-alkaline soil (B1) soil. According to that result, the higher diversity indices were calculated in the also in B1 soil. The alpha%253B-diversity analysis reported yielded similar Shannon indices ranging from 8,322 in B2 to 9,337 in B1. The analyses revealed that B2 yellow earth podzolic soil, unique for Strandzha, has the largest composition with Proteobacteria 44%25 and the lowest in Actinobacteria 20%25. Opposite, in A1 saline-alkaline soil have the richest composition of Actinobacteria 52%25 and the poorest in Proteobacteria 23%25. C. montbretii was found in neutral A2 and B2 soils, while L. ablus prefer acidic A1 and B1 soils. The determination of the microbiological status of the soils associated with Constantinople chickpeas and white lupinus and the annual monitoring of the species in Strandzha Park will determine the methods for the most effective maintenance and storage outside their habitats
Application of Mobile Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Method for the Analysis of Representatives of Different Varieties of Radishes (Raphanus Sativus L.) During Storage under Uncontrolled Conditions
Get PDFThe present study aims to establish the application of mobile fluorescence spectroscopy to determine varietal differences and water content during the storage of radishes under uncontrolled conditions. The experimental studies were carried out on the farm where the radishes were grown and stored. Fluorescence analysis was performed with a source with an emission wavelength of 285 nm using an author-developed mobile setup in a fiber-optic configuration generating fluorescence signals. Root crops from the Red Large, Espresso F1, French Breakfast, and Nacional 2 varieties are the object of this study. They were measured after harvesting after 3 and 6 months of storage. The correlation between the emission wavelengths of the samples of different varieties, as well as those of the same variety at different storage intervals, was established. This fact allows mobile fluorescence spectroscopy to be successfully applied as a rapid tool in radish breeding programs to establish the origin of unknown root crops in the presence of a rich library of spectra, as well as in the sorting of radishes in warehouses of food chains and producers. The experiment results can be used to optimize the time for the analysis of the varietal affiliation of different radish genotypes during storage under uncontrolled conditions. Fluorescence spectroscopy in a fiber-optic configuration will support the process of determining the affiliation of a particular radish variety to a given type (even for samples of unknown origin when it is necessary to qualify and sort in a short time)
Research on Drawing Attention to Overlooked Viruses in Plant Viruses Causing Yellowing-Type Symptoms in Cucurbitaceae
Get PDFA single-stranded, positive-sense plant RNA virus called the Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV, Crinivirus, Closteroviridae) is comprised of RNA1 and RNA2. It is semipersistently transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotypes MEAM1 and MED. In 2004, CCYV was discovered on melon plants in Japan. Several other cucurbit species, as well as a range of non-species, were subsequently reported from countries such as Saudi Arabia, California, Israel, Taiwan, Sudan, Lebanon, Iran, Greece, Türkiye, Egypt, Spain, and China. Whitefly populations are frequently encountered in cucurbit cultivating areas. Virus plant diseases attributed to whiteflies are common in squash cultivation in the open field and greenhouses in Türkiye, especially in cucumbers and squash. Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV), Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), Squash vein-yellowing virus (SqVYV) are the leading virus diseases transmitted by Bemisia tabaci. Symptoms caused specifically by these viral diseases are of the yellowing type, although they differ as intervascular yellowing, yellowing of old or young leaves, and upward curling. Besides these viruses, CCYV, a problem in cucurbits, is carried by whitefly like others, causes yellowing type symptoms, and its first record in cucumber was reported in 2017 in Türkiye. However, this virus is ignored in the production of cucurbits, it is a problem in production areas. There are major viruses cause similar symptoms with the presence of the Cucumber chlorotic yellows virus is overlooked in the symptomatological observation. In this study, we tried to reveal the difference of CCYV, which is encountered in cucurbit growing areas in Antalya and whose presence was detected by RT-PCR, from other viruses and emphasized its importance as a virus that should be considered in classical breeding studies
The Effects of Silicon Dioxide Priming on Some Germination and Vegetative Growth Parameters of Rocket Cultivars Under Salt Stress Conditions
Get PDFRocket (Eruca vesicaria), a plant from the cruciferous (Brassicaceae) family, whose leaves are eaten as a salad, is also considered a medicinal plant due to its different therapeutic properties. In this study, the effects of silicon dioxide priming (0.5, 1, 1.5 mM SiO2) on the germination and vegetative growth properties of two different rocket cultivars (Geniş Yaprak, Eda) were investigated under increased salt stress conditions (150, 200 mM NaCl). For this purpose, germination percentage (GP), germination index (GI), germination rate coefficient (CVG), mean germination time (MGT) germination rate index (GRI) were calculated as germination parameters. Shoot and root length (mm), leaf width and length (mm), plant fresh weight (g) were measured in seedlings developed from germinated seeds, and seedling vigour index (SVI) was calculated. The effects of SiO2 priming on germination and vegetative growth differed according to the cultivar. In Geniş Yaprak cv., 1 mM SiO2 application had a positive effect on germination parameters both in seeds not applied salt stress and under 150 mM salt stress, and increased the germination rate from 30%25 to 73%25, especially in salty conditions. Under 200 mM salt stress, 1.5 mM SiO2 had a positive effect on germination parameters in same cultivar. Although SiO2 applications in Eda cv. were not effective on germination parameters under stress-free conditions, they had a positive effect on vegetative parameters. Especially, 1.5 mM application dose increased SVI, root and shoot length and plant fresh weight. In both salt concentrations, 1 mM application dose made a slight improvement in germination parameters of Eda cv. The positive effects of SiO2 applications on vegetative growth parameters such as leaves, roots and shoots were determined at different doses for both salt concentrations