The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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An Insight into Preference, Quality Perception and Attitudes towards Honey Consumption in Tunisia
Get PDFHoney consumption has increased these past years. Unfortunately, this growth on market may contribute on the spread of honey adulteration. The present study aimed to assess honey consumption habits, preferences and quality perception by Tunisian consumers. A 502 respondents survey was conducted. Survey results indicate that most of respondents (93 %25) are honey consumers. Frequency of consumption ranged between 2 to 3 times a week for 31.9%25 of respondents and 2 to 3 times a month for 26.3%25. Regarding the place of purchase, beekeepers and producers were by far the most declared (75.1%25) place. Survey results showed that 83.3%25 of consumers preferred local honey with slight preference for monofloral honey (51%25). Survey respondents did not show particular preferences for honey color (light for 47.6 %25, dark for 44.8) or texture (creamy for 45.6%25, liquid for 37.8%25). Majority of participants (61.6%25) trust the product they buy and believe that they are not defrauded. The place of purchase reassures 41.4%25 of respondents about the lack of adulteration. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of strengthening the short food supply chain for the development and the promotion of honey value chain. It also indicates the need to implement further tools ensuring food traceability and authenticity to protect consumers
Development of an Innovative Application for Nosemosis and Varroosis Rates in Bolu Beekeeping Locations by using Google Earth Engine
Get PDFBeekeeping is one of Turkiye%252339%253Bs important sources. Our country%252339%253Bs rich geography and various climatic conditions are quite suitable for beekeeping, which is directly related to geography, climate and topography. There has been an increasing interest in beekeeping, which provides higher income with less maintenance and cost compared to other agricultural activities. This increase has also brought to the agenda the need to take various measures to increase the efficiency obtained from beekeeping activities. The first issue to be considered is bee diseases. Nosema spp. and Varroa spp. are two important disease factors frequently encountered in beekeeping. Both cause serious health problems in bee colonies and threaten the health of bees. In this study, it is aimed to implement a map application consisting of bee disease rates in beekeeping locations in Bolu province in order to perform early detection of bee diseases and to take the necessary measures. In this direction, field studies were carried out and coordinate information of beekeeping locations in Bolu province was obtained. At the same time, bee samples were collected from these locations and examined in a laboratory. After field and laboratory studies, a data set was created with coordinate, district name, nosemosis and varroosis disease rate information. The created data set was transferred to the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and visualized. An application was developed with the codes written on the GEE platform and the coordinate, district name, nosemosis and varroosis disease rate information of the clicked district beekeeping locations were shown on the panel. This study provided a preliminary view for the first time on the nosemosis and varroosis disease rates in the same locations for the future periods and created a database for the future periods
Investigation of the Effects of Air Filter Design Changes on Engine Performance and Emissions in Portable Single Cylinder Irrigation Engines
Get PDFIn this study, the effects of changing the design of the air filter of an internal combustion diesel engine on engine performance and harmful exhaust emissions are experimentally investigated. In an internal combustion engine, a sufficient amount of clean air intake must be provided for complete combustion of the fuel. Air filters are used to provide this clean air. Otherwise, the particles in the air entering the cylinder pose a threat to the engine. Filtering unwanted particles in the air entering the combustion chamber is important to prevent cylinder wear and extend engine life. However, incorrect air filter design adversely affects engine performance, increases fuel consumption and harms the environment by increasing exhaust emissions. Correct air filter design also affects engine wear, operating parameters and operating cost. In the experimental study, the air filter of a diesel engine was designed and made operational, the performance and exhaust emission tests of the engine were carried out and the results obtained were presented in graphs. Depending on the design changes, an increase in engine power and improvements in fuel consumption have been achieved. In addition, when the exhaust emissions were analysed, it was observed that the formation of HC, CO, decreased by an average of 7%25, while NOx compounds increased by approximately 2%25
Evaluating Morphology-based Taxonomic Features for the Identification of Genera within the Anthemidinae (Asteraceae) Subtribe in European Türkiye
Get PDFThe subtribe Anthemedinae, which belongs to the Asteraceae family, encompasses significant taxa with broad distribution. However, the identification, morphological characterization, and diagnosis of these taxa present considerable challenges. In this study, 20 species, subspecies, and varieties from the Anthemis, Cota, Tanacetum, and Tripleurospermum genera, which naturally occur in the European part of Turkey, were investigated. A total of 83 samples were qualitatively and quantitatively measured, focusing on taxonomic features that distinguish the genera. The analysis included an examination of habitus characteristics, life cycle, habit, stem length, branching, and colors. Diagnostic characters of the flowers, such as whether they were discoid or radiate, were determined by measuring the shape, length, and apex structure of the receptacular bracts, as well as the general characteristics of the ligulate flowers. Involucral bracts were analyzed separately as outer, median, and inner, with measurements taken for their shape, size, structure, and apex. Leaves were evaluated separately in terms of shape, fragmentation, and leaflet structures. Achenes were analyzed based on surface structure, size, and the presence or absence of auricle, corona, and gland structures in their apex. The taxonomic features within the determined in this study are useful for developing an identification key for the four genera in the current flora and for distinguishing species in future analyses
Genetic Evaluation of Tunisian Honeybees for In-Hives and Broods Temperature and Relative Humidity%253A Critical Traits for Tolerance to Climate Changes
Get PDFHoneybee colonies are essential for global food security and genetic diversity due to their critical role in pollination. Within a colony, honeybees engage in activities like honey production and maintaining hive conditions, which are vital for the colony%252339%253Bs health and productivity. This study aimed to deepen our understanding in three key areas%253A (1) The ability of honeybees in the southern Mediterranean to regulate hive and brood conditions, (2) Estimation of genetic parameters for hive Temperature and Relative Humidity, and (3) Prediction of Breeding Values (PBVs) for honeybee colonies. Data on Temperature and Relative Humidity were collected from sensors placed inside hives and at the brood level over a three-year period (2021-2023). The study analyzed 22,364 records of in-hive Temperature and Relative Humidity from 118 sensors, along with 1,664 brood-level humidity records from 14 sensors. PBVs were predicted using a BLUP Animal model. The results showed that monthly variations significantly influenced both Temperature and Relative Humidity within the hives. Heritability estimates were 0.21 for in-hive temperature, 0.33 for in-hive relative humidity, and 0.22 for brood relative humidity. A high genetic correlation (0.65) between Temperature and Relative Humidity within the hives suggests shared genetic and physiological mechanisms for these traits. The study also found that 77%25 of in-hive Temperature records and 48%25 of Relative Humidity records fell within optimal ranges, indicating that many Tunisian bees effectively regulate their hive environment. Based on PBVs, 24 colonies were selected for their superior adaptation to environmental conditions. This research underscores the importance of connected beehives and their impact on honeybee management and selection. Understanding genetic parameters and trait relationships aids in improving the long-term success and productivity of honeybee populations
The Effect of Different Nitrogen Forms on Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Infection in Pepper Plants Grown in Full and Deficient-Water Conditions
Get PDFAbiotic stress factors have an impact on both plants and their pathogens. Water and nutrient deficiencies are among the major abiotic stress factors in agricultural systems. Viruses are obligate parasite pathogens causing detrimental yield reductions on crop plants worldwide. However, there have been limited studies on the impact of abiotic factors on plant-virus interactions. In this study, the effects of different forms of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection in pepper plants grown under two different irrigation regimes [water deficient (30%25) and full irrigation] were investigated in a growth room condition. Fertilizer applications consisted of five individual treatments with three replications. The pepper plants were supplied with 12 kg of N%252Fda using different sources of nitrogen [urea (CH4N2O), NH4NO3, Mg(NO3)2 and (NH4)2SO4]. MgSO4 was also added to the experiment for comparison of the effects of Mg2%2B and SO42- in the fertilizers. Each treatment consisted of TSWV-inoculated plants, as well as non-inoculated (healthy) and non-fertilized plants as controls. Every plant in all treatments was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to confirm virus infection four and eight weeks after mechanical inoculation. The results showed that the virus-inoculated plants treated with urea and NH4NO3 had lower ELISA absorbance values in both deficient and full-irrigated conditions (plt%253B0.01), suggesting greater tolerance to TSWV infection with these fertilizers. Additionally, the plants treated with Mg(NO3)2-containing fertilizer were relatively more affected by the virus under full irrigation than in water-deficient conditions. Conversely, the plants treated with (NH4)2SO4 had high virus content in deficient irrigation conditions. Despite better canopy development in full-irrigated conditions, TSWV symptoms in pepper plants were less prominent in water-deficient conditions than in full irrigation across all nutrient treatments. This study suggests that urea, NH4NO3, and Mg(NO3)2 may provide a positive contribution to plant fitness and virus suppression under water-deficient conditions. It is necessary to conduct further research to determine the impact of different nutrients and water levels on plant-virus interactions in field conditions
The Role of Exogenous Glutamine as a Regulator of Gene Expression under Stress Conditions in Plants
Get PDFAmino acids, which are necessary for the synthesis of proteins as well as some other nitrogenous components in organisms, are effective for the synthesis and in the activities of some enzymes and of gene expression. Stress tolerance is provided by different mechanisms, especially with the accumulation of some specific amino acids under stress conditions in plants. Although the role of some amino acids such as proline under stress conditions has been demonstrated by many studies, the mission of some other amino acids under stress conditions has not yet been fully elucidated. Like other amino acids in organisms, glutamine is involved in the synthesis of nitrogenous compounds such as amino acids and nucleotides. The functions of glutamine in plants, which are known to be involved in signal transmission in humans, yeast, and bacteria, are not yet fully known. For this reason, various studies conducted in recent years have focused on elucidating the role of glutamine in signal transduction pathways under stress conditions. It was revealed by transcriptome analyses that exogenous glutamine applications support growth and development in some plants by inducing the expression of several genes involved in metabolism, transport, signal transduction, and stress response. It was identified that these genes synthesize transcription factors that activate the genes involved in nitrogen metabolism or stress response. The induction of these transcription factor genes by glutamine supports the idea that it functions as a signaling molecule regulating gene expression in plants. In this review, research studies investigating the role of glutamine, especially under stress conditions, were examined, to create a resource for researchers of future studies on this topic
Change of Conservation and Planning Approach in Türkiye Forests%253A Bilezikçi Farm Forest (1926-2020)
Get PDFThe first precaution for the protection of forest areas in Anatolia-Türkiye began during the Ottoman Empire. With the first forest management plan made in Hendek, a new phase has started in terms of planning in our forestry. Other important processes in the protection and utilization of forests are respectively%253B The nationalization of the country%252339%253Bs forests during the Republic of Türkiye, shift to sector based planning in 1963, and the transition from the wood-producing axis to the quot%253BEcosystem-Based Functional Planningquot%253B (ETFOP) approach, in which other benefits and functions are taken into account. Bilezikçi Farm Forest is one of the oldest planned forest units, where these processes are fully experienced and which reveals the change in the understanding of the protection and utilization of the Türkiye%252339%253Bs forests. It has a feature that sheds light on our forestry from past to present with its changing forest laws, transition from private property to public and changing utilization understanding since 1926 when it was first planned. In the study, seven management plans made for Bilezikçi Farm Forest between 1926 and 2020 were examined, and the change in the understanding of country forestry in terms of planning was revealed
Effect of Selected Conservation Tillage Practices on Soil Moisture Content and Sorghum Yield under Rainfed Conditions on Sandy Loam Soil
Get PDFIn arid and semi-arid regions, the key to increase crop production is maximizing infiltration at the expense of surface runoff. One way of achieving such objectives could be the introduction of conservation tillage practices using appropriate equipment. A field experiment was carried out for two consecutive seasons (2016%252F2017 and 2017%252F2018) at the demonstration farm of the Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Alsalam, El fula, Sudan. The objective was to observe the effect of selected conservation tillage practices on soil moisture content and sorghum grain yield on sandy loam soil under rain-fed conditions. The treatments consisted of five tillage practices viz%253A Chisel plowing, cultivator, offset disc harrowing, chisel plowing %2B offset disc harrowing and no-tillage (traditional) as a control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications (RCBD). The soil moisture content (%25) at three depths of 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm was measured. Sorghum grain yield (kg ha-1) was determined. The results of analysis showed that different tillage practices had no significant effect on soil moisture content at the three depths for both seasons, except at 0-15 cm depth during the first season. Whereas, no-tillage practice increased soil moisture content by 37.8 %25, 35.3 %25, 28.5 %25 and 13.3 %25 as compared to the chiseling, chiseling %2B harrowing, cultivator and harrowing, respectively. The results also indicated that sorghum grain yield was not influenced by conservation tillage practices in the first season. However, the chisel plowing and cultivator practices were significantly increased the sorghum grain yield by 28.3 %25 and 27.5 %25, respectively, as compared to no-tillage practice during the second season
Microsatellite Markers%253A The Efficient Method for the Determination of Pollen Contamination in Conifer Seed Orchards
Get PDFSeed orchards are specialized forest plantations of genetically superior candidate parents selected to produce genetically superior seeds and%252For seedlings. Pollen contamination is one of the most important factors affecting the yield, adaptation, and genetic quality of seeds produced from seed orchards in forest tree breeding programs. Potential pollen from forests surrounding the seed orchard is a major concern in tree breeding because it contributes to the loss in genetic gains expected from seed orchard crops. Microsatellite markers are among the most effective markers that are frequently used for creating genetic maps of many species, determining genetic diversity, identifying genetic diseases, population genetic studies, linkage analysis, fingerprint analysis, genotyping, and parental identification. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was performed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the articles published in the last 25 years on seed orchards and pollen contamination. Searching the Web of Science (WOS) with the criteria of forest trees and seed orchards revealed that 820 articles were published in the last 25 years. It is seen that 77 of these articles are related to pollen contamination. Canada, China, Japan, Sweden, and the USA have been the top contributors to research on pollen contamination in seed orchards of forest trees in the last 25 years, respectively. According to the data obtained, it has been shown that the genetic contamination level of forest tree species in seed orchards is generally between 5%25 and 90%25. It has been determined that microsatellite markers are more widely used in recent years to determine the degree of pollen migration and genetic contamination. It was concluded that studies on pollen contamination were carried out in only two Turkish red pine orchards in Türkiye, which has a total of 189 seed orchards, the majority of which belong to conifers, and that similar studies should be planned in other seed orchards