The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Effects of Microbial Fertiliser on Yield and Quality of Curly Lettuce Grown in Pots
Get PDFMicrobial fertilisers containing various microorganisms that are in a symbiotic relationship within each other and with plant roots have positive effects on plant growth, development and flowering. They can be used in conventional, organic and sustainable agriculture systems and reduce chemical fertiliser consumption. In this study conducted under greenhouse conditions, the effects of Herasim microbial fertiliser on yield and some quality characteristics of lettuce were investigated. Caipira (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) lettuce cultivar was used as plant material. In pot trials, 70%25 peat %2B 30%25 perlite mixture was used as a growing medium. A total of 9 different treatments were included in the research%253A Control (C), 100%25 Chemical Fertilisation (100%25 CF), 50%25 Chemical Fertilisation %2B Microbial Fertilisation (50%25 CF %2B MF), 75%25 Chemical Fertilisation %2B Microbial Fertilisation (75%25 CF %2B MF), 100%25 Chemical Fertilisation %2B Microbial Fertilisation (100%25 CF %2B MF), Immersion %2B Chemical Fertilisation (I %2B CF), Microbial Fertilisation alone (MF), 50%25 Chemical Fertilisation %2B Microbial Fertilisation %2B Foliar Microbial Fertilisation (50%25 CF %2B MF %2B FMF), 75%25 Chemical Fertilisation %2B Microbial Fertilisation %2B Foliar Microbial Fertilisation (75%25 CF %2B MF %2B FMF). Head height (cm), root collar diameter (mm), number of leaves (number%252Fplant), leaf colour (L*, a* and b*), chlorophyll (SPAD), soluble solids (%25SS), pH, total and marketable yield (g%252Fplant) criteria were examined. The total and marketable yield results obtained from 100%25 CF %2B MF, I %2B CF, 75%25 CF %2B MF, 75%25 CF %2B MF %2B FMF and 50%25 CF %2B MF %2B FMF treatments were the highest and very similar to that of 100%25 CF treatment. In addition, similar or better results were obtained for the same treatments in terms of lettuce growth, colour, chlorophyll and SS criteria
Goats Milk Production and Kids%252339%253B Growth%253A Effects of Supplementation Type Under Forest Pasture System
No full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of concentrate type on goats milk yield and quality under forest grazing conditions as well as on their kids growth performances during pre-weaning. The experiment was conducted in the Ain Drahem region using a total of 26 local breed goats, divided into two groups, each managed by a breeder. Within each farm, the goats were divided into three homogeneous sub-groups based on their milk production levels. The first diet%253A farmers feed (FF) represented the control and the traditional diet combining forest grazing with occasional supplementation of fresh forage (barley, oats, and triticale). The second diet (CC) composed by forest grazing and a conventional concentrate consisting of 80%25 barley, 17.5%25 soybean meal, and 2.5%25 mineral-vitamin mixture. The third diet%253A rosemary concentrate (RC) included forest grazing and a concentrate incorporating distilled rosemary leaves (DRL) (73.5%25 DRL, 22.5%25 wheat bran, and 4%25 soybean meal). Each goat received 400 g of concentrate daily. During the trial, the goats had free access to water throughout the day. Goats lsquo%253Bmilk yield and composition, and kids growth parameters were recorded.
The milk yield was affected neither by the diet nor by the breeder%253B the average milk production was 352, 293, and 338 ml for FF, CC, and RC groups, respectively. The protein content remained unchanged among groups (3.8, 3.6, and 3.5%25 for FF, CC, and RC, respectively%253B P gt%253B 0.05). Similarly, the fat content did not vary with DRL inclusion (4, 4, and 3.8%25 for FF, CC, and RC, respectively%253B P gt%253B 0.05) nor with the breeder. Despite a lower initial body weight (7 kg), kids in the RC group reached a final body weight comparable to those in the other groups. This was supported by similar average daily weight gain values (86 g%252Fday%253B P gt%253B 0.05). It could be concluded that DRL incorporation in concentrate resulted in comparable milk production and kids growth, highlighting the potential of substituting barley with DRL in goat feeding strategies without altering the animals performances
Agricultural Structure of Tekirdağ Province and Evaluation of Agricultural Supports
Get PDFIn this study, the agricultural structure of Tekirdağ province, which has an important share in Turkey%252339%253Bs agricultural production, especially in the production of field crops, and agricultural supports were analyzed and evaluated. In Tekirdağ province, field crops are grown on a total area of 3.827.333 decares. Wheat is cultivated on approximately 1,966,333 decares of this area and sunflower on 1,424,669 decares. According to 2021 data, Tekirdağ ranks 1st in sunflower production with 399,531 kg and 2nd in wheat agriculture with 1,026,211 kg. As of 2021, Tekirdağ realizes approximately 6%25 of Turkey%252339%253Bs total wheat production and 18%25 of sunflower production. The share of total agricultural subsidies received by the province, which ranks high in terms of production in these two strategic products, decreased from 2.4%25 in 2010 to 1.9%25 in 2020. While the province%252339%253Bs share of area-based subsidies for diesel-fertilizer support is around 2.8%25 in Turkey, its share of premium-based subsidies is 4.6%25
Evaluating the Ethno-Climatological Knowledge and Its Applications for Mitigation of Climate Change Impact on the Uva High-Grown Organic Tea Ecosystem in Sri Lanka
Get PDFThe organic tea cultivation sector is confronted with significant challenges due to the adverse effects of climate change, necessitating the urgent implementation of effective adaptation strategies. Ethno-climatology is an interdisciplinary field focusing on understanding how diverse cultures and communities perceive, adapt to, and interact with their environment%252339%253Bs climate and weather patterns. This study aims to evaluate the extent of ethno-climatology knowledge among organic tea farmers in the Uva High Grown region and examine their implementation of adaptation measures to address climate change challenges. Utilizing a cross-sectional and exploratory research design, this study employed a diverse data collection method, including in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, expert consultations, field observations, and questionnaire surveys, to ensure a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to data gathering. These methodological approaches facilitated the collection of valuable insights into farmers awareness levels and their adoption of mitigation practices. Subsequently, the collected data were analyzed to discern the farmers%252339%253B knowledge and implementation of adaptation measures in response to climate change challenges. The findings revealed a substantial majority of farmers displaying a notable level of awareness regarding ethno-climatology, with scores exceeding 75%25. Additionally, approximately 37 farmers demonstrated a high level of awareness, scoring above 85%25. These findings indicate a promising trend of increasing awareness among farmers. Correlation analysis further revealed that factors such as age, experience, and practical knowledge, experience, observations, personal beliefs, and cultural practices played pivotal roles in shaping farmers%252339%253B awareness and comprehension of ethno-climatology. Conversely, variables such as education level and the number of information sources exhibited weak or non-significant relationships with awareness levels in the specific field of ethno-climatology. Multiple regression analysis was employed to identify independent variables significantly influencing farmers%252339%253B awareness of ethno-climatology, explaining a substantial 96.2%25 of the observed variance in the dependent variable. As revealed by this research, the perception of the organic farming community offers valuable insights into the current status of ethno-climatology knowledge and the adoption of adaptation measures within the organic tea ecosystem. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of implementing effective adaptation strategies in the organic tea cultivation sector in the Uva High Grown region, given the challenges posed by climate change. The findings contribute valuable insights into the current state of ethno-climatology knowledge among organic tea farmers and inform the implementation of adaptation measures
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil Extracted from waste of Juniperus communis L. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Industry in Albania
Get PDFThe Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) industry is relevant for Albania covering approximately 20%25 of agricultural exports. Mostly high quality dried parts of MAPs are traded, while products not fulfilling quality criteria and non-tradable plant parts are often regarded as waste products, even though they contain valuable bioactive substances. This study evaluates the composition and biological activity of the essential oil (EO) fraction of wastes generated from the MAPs industy of Juniperus communis L. in Albania.
Juniperus communis L. was collected from Korçë area, dried, screened for trade quality berries in an industrial plant for MAPs, and the waste parts underwent hidrodistilation in industrial distilators. Chemical composition was performed using Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry and identified 50 compounds, where main components were alpha%253B-Pinene (24.47%25), Sabinene (12.4%25), Germacrene D (3.2%25) and beta%253B-Myrcene (1.6%25). The antioxidant capacity of J. communis L. EO was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and 2,2%252339%253B-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and expressed as Inhibitory Concentration of 50%25 of the free radical (IC50) where values were IC50%253D 155.4 micro%253Bg%252FmL and IC50%253D 163.2micro%253Bg%252FmL for DPPH and ABTS respectively. Antimicrobial activity of J. communis L. EO was determined against five bacteria, Escherichia coli ATCC 10535%253B Salmonella enteritidis, ATCC 49223, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ATCC 9027%253B Micrococcus luteus, ATCC 10240%253B Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, ATCC 1363%253Band one yeast, Candida albicans, ATCC 10231 by microdilution method used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The EO showed no antimicrobial activity against the first 3 bacterial strains, while it inhibited growth of Micrococcus luteus and Candida albicans at concentrations of 2.5 mg%252FmL and of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia at the maximum tested concentration of 5 mg%252FmL
The Effects of Chitosan Applications on Seed Germing and Early Seedling Period of Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Under Salty Conditions
Get PDFSalinity is a global problem and can significantly reduce agricultural productivity and cause negative effects on plant growth. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer and is known to have plant growth promoting and stress reducing properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of chitosan applications on seed germination and early seedling growth in red beet under saline conditions. In the experiment, seeds of red beetroot were soaked in chitosan and pure water at concentrations of 100-200-300 ppm for one hour. Then the seeds were allowed to dry for 24 hours and germinated at 22%252F24deg%253BC at 100 mM salt concentration for 10 days. In the study, various growth parameters such as seed germination rate, velocity and vigour as well as root and shoot length were determined. At the end of the experiment, it was found that hydropriming and chitosan treatments significantly improved the parameters observed in red beet seeds compared to the control. In particular, 300 ppm chitosan dose was effective on germination parameters, while 200 ppm chitosan dose was the most effective in reducing the negative effects of salt and increasing the growth parameters compared to control and hydropriming. These findings suggest that chitosan can be used as a potential growth promoter and protective agent for plants exposed to salt stress
Determination of the Water Footprint of Quinoa Under Nevşehir Conditions
Get PDFQuinoa is an annual crop known for its resistance to various stress factors such as drought, frost, salinity and high radiation. However, its high protein content and antioxidant properties make quinoa an important human food. Nevşehir does not have a very high potential considering its climate and water resources. The region receives an average annual rainfall of 300-400 mm. This makes it impossible to grow the majority of crops with rainfall alone. Irrigation is necessary in most cases. However, insufficient water resources and low water quality limit irrigation. The main crops grown in Nevsehir (wheat, potatoes, dry beans, dried beans, and pumpkin) are crops that need irrigation. The agricultural production potential of the region can be increased with an efficient irrigation and plant diversity planning. In this sense, quinoa is a plant with high potential for Nevşehir. Quinoa cultivation can be beneficial in irrigated or marginal agricultural areas of Nevşehir. The amount of land suitable for agriculture but not used in Nevşehir is 234 455 decares. In this study, it was investigated how much water footprint the cultivation of quinoa in Nevşehir conditions would cause. For this purpose, the amount of land that is suitable for agriculture and cannot be used in Nevşehir was considered as quinoa cultivation area. In the study, the green and blue water footprint of quinoa was calculated. The amount of water required to produce 1 ton of quinoa in Nevşehir was found to be 1575 m3 ton-1. As a result, the total water footprint of quinoa was determined as 110 900 m3. The fact that quinoa has a low water requirement and water footprint in Nevşehir compared to other crops suggests that its cultivation in the region would be beneficial. Currently, there are no studies on the cultivation of quinoa in Nevsehir and it is not produced by producers. This study has shown that the production of quinoa in Nevsehir would be very productive for marginal and arid fields in the region. Quinoa cultivation is recommended for producers in the region
The Relationship Between Certain Oak Species and Ecological Factors%253A An Analysis of Indicator Plant Species in Bozdağlar
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the relationships between Quercus cerris L. var. cerris, Quercus coccifera L., and Quercus infectoria Oliv. subsp. boissieri (Reut.) O.Schwarz and ecological variables using indicator species analysis and logistic regression methods. The modeling results demonstrated significant and high-accuracy performance for each species. For Q. cerris, the model yielded an AUC value of 0.774 for the training dataset and 0.761 for the test dataset, indicating quot%253Bgoodquot%253B performance. The species%252339%253B distribution was influenced by the variables BIO7, BIO3, BIO1, RUGI, and BIO12. For Q. coccifera, the model showed an AUC value of 0.892 for the training dataset and 0.887 for the test dataset, reflecting quot%253Bvery goodquot%253B performance. The distribution of this species was primarily determined by BIO12 and BIO1. The model for Q. infectoria achieved an AUC value of 0.766 for the training dataset and 0.736 for the test dataset, indicating quot%253Bgoodquot%253B performance, with BIO12 and BIO3 identified as the key variables affecting its distribution. Indicator species analysis was conducted using PC-ORD software to identify indicator species. The analysis revealed 11 positive and 31 negative indicator plant species for Q. cerris. For Q. coccifera, 8 positive and 1 negative indicator plant species were identified. Similarly, Q. infectoria was associated with 22 positive and 1 negative indicator plant species. This study provides a crucial foundation for understanding the distribution of oak species by integrating climate scenarios into modeling approaches, facilitating the prediction of climate change impacts and the development of strategies to mitigate these effects. The findings are expected to offer valuable insights into the ecological functionality and sensitivity of target species to environmental changes, serving as a reference for similar studies in various geographic regions. Additionally, this research establishes a significant scientific basis for sustainable forest management planning and biodiversity conservation, particularly within the Mediterranean Basin
Effect of Blanching Time Variation on Nutritional and Functional Quality Attributes of Pea Pods
Get PDFPea pods (PP), which account for 30ndash%253B40%25 of fresh green peas weight, are by-products that may emanate from pea processing industry. They are promising sources of compounds beneficial to human health and are considered as a possible functional food ingredient for developing health-promoting products with high added value. In this study, blanching pre-treatment step has been applied to pea pods (PP) to promote enzyme inactivation which can lead to quality loss during storage. The main objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of different blanching times (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 min) on reducing sugars, phenolic and carotenoids contents, and water holding capacity (WHC) of the treated product. Pea pods (PP), that were subjected to the different blanching times mentioned above, were transformed in powders that were compared to unblanched pea pods (PP). Results showed a significant (Plt%253B0.05) decrease in reducing sugars and phenols due to blanching treatment from 18 g 100 g-1 DW (unblanched sample) to 10 g 100 g-1 DW (blanched pea pods for 10min) and from 428 mg 100 g-1 DW (unblanched sample) to 232 mg 100 g-1 DW (blanched pea pods for 10min), respectively. However, the increase of blanching time from 2 to 4 min was efficient in increasing carotenoids content. Similarly, lower values of WHC were found with longer bleaching time (from 6 to 10 min), while unblanched and blanched pea pods (PP) for 2 and 4 min exhibited the same water holding capacity (WHC). Globally, blanching for 2min was found better for preserving the product nutritional value and its functional property
Optimizing Heat Treatment for Quality Enhancement of Canned Pea Sauce Dishes
Get PDFAs lifestyles continue to evolve, the demand for canned foods, particularly in collective catering, has seen a notable surge. Traditional recipes, including the beloved Tunisian dish of pea sauce, are increasingly sought in canned formats. This study aimed to develop a canned pea sauce recipe and optimize its sterilization parameters. The formulation of the pea sauce involved considerations of factors influencing sensory quality, such as the pre-cooking time of the meat, the amount of tomato paste, and the spice mixture. To assess the sterilization process, two scales were tested%253A scale 1 (115deg%253BC for 60 min) and scale 2 (115deg%253BC for 45 min). Stability tests were carried out, and sterilization values were determined using the Biglow method. Various parameters, including pH, peroxide index, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), and titrable acid values, were determined in conjunction with sensory evaluation comparing the final product under both thermal scales.The optimal recipe parameters were identified as a pre-cooking time of 6 minutes, 14 grams of tomato paste, and 7.60 grams of the spice mixture. Both the two scales were validated, yielding sterilizing values of 9.9 min and 8.3 min for scale 1 and scale 2, respectively. Stability tests of the optimized canned pea sauce showed satisfactory results for the two thermal scales. However, scale 2 exhibited slight improvements in pH, peroxide index, TVBN, titratable acidity, and various organoleptic parameters compared to scale 1.These findings contribute to the formulation of an optimized canned pea sauce recipe with enhanced stability and sensory attributes, addressing the increasing need for convenient food options in contemporary lifestyles, particularly in shared catering environments