The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Serological Analyses of Viruses Presence on Tomato Collection from the Gene Bank of the Republic of Srpska
Get PDFTesting for virus presence on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) collection from the Gene Bank of the Republic of Srpska was conducted during the growing season of 2023 in the greenhouse of the Institute of Genetic Resources, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Thirty samples were taken and preliminary tested for presence of 3 viruses%253A TSWV (Tomato spotted wilt virus, Tospovirus), TBRV (Tomato black ring virus, Nepovirus), ToBRFV (Tomato brown rugose fruit virus, Tobamoviruses) with ELISA (Bioreba) test. Fourteen samples were positive for TSWV presence and negative for other two viruses. The previous research has been conducted on the presence of TSWV on conventional tomato varieties in the open field and in the greenhouse, but never on the tomato accessions from the Gene Bank that represent domesticated tomato germplasm
Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of the Organic Tea Supply Chain of the Marginalized Organic Tea Producers Association, Sri Lanka
Get PDFThe demand for organic products has led to remarkable growth in Sri Lanka%252339%253Bs organic tea industry. However, sustaining the organic farming system during the current economic crisis presents a challenge. This study aims to assess the factors that influence the effectiveness of the Marginalized Organic Producers Model for the sustainability of the agribusiness supply chain of Bio Foods (Pvt) Ltd by employing a qualitative approach for examining farmers%252339%253B perceptions. The study evaluates farmers%252339%253B perceptions of effectiveness through an index score encompassing satisfaction, relativeness, impact, efficiency, and sustainability. Data on socio-economic status, environmental sustainability, institutional involvement, farmers%252339%253B compliance, and economic viability were collected by conducting a field survey and focus group discussions conducted among bio tea farmers attached to the green tea leaves supply chain of Avonleahill Organic amp%253B Biodynamic Tea factory at Diyathalawa, Sri Lanka. The questionnaire instrument was validated by pretesting and applying reliability and normality tests. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted to establish relationships among variables. The reliability analysis results indicated that the survey instrument used in this study demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability, with Cronbach%252339%253Bs alpha coefficients exceeding 0.8 for all variables, confirming that the collected data were consistent and reliable for further analysis. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between variables such as educational status, experience in organic tea farming, environmental sustainability, institutional involvement, compliance of farmers, and economic viability with farmer satisfaction with the organization. Conversely, age and gender showed weak negative relationships with farmer satisfaction. The regression model for effectiveness demonstrated a strong relationship between the predictors and the dependent variable. The model accounted for approximately 88.6%25 of the variance in qualitative effectiveness, as indicated by the high adjusted R-squared value of 0.871. The overall model was statistically significant, as evidenced by the significant F-change statistic (F %253D 61.946, p lt%253B 0.001), suggesting that at least one predictor significantly influenced the qualitative effectiveness. The Durbin-Watson value of 1.606 confirmed the absence of substantial autocorrelation in the residuals, meeting the independence assumption. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the factors that contribute to the qualitative effectiveness of organic tea farmer organizations. These insights are very useful for policymakers, organizations, and farmers in developing strategies to enhance the effectiveness and success of these organizations, ultimately leading to the growth and sustainability of the organic tea industry in Sri Lanka
Characterization Data of Cereal, Legumes and Technical Plants by the International Descriptors Lists
Get PDFAs in many fields, the possibilities of the information technologies have been widely used in the field of agriculture. Creation, ex-situ conservation, documentation and digitalization of the national plant collections are the great importance in an era when natural plant resources and traditional breeding materials are disappearing. In our republic special attention was paid to the creation of information systems, as well as a central database in the Law of the Azerbaijan (2011) about the conservation of genetic resources of cultivated plants and its efficient use. From 2004 has been created an information system on PGR at the Institute of Genetic Resources. This database consists of the information about national ex situ collection of plant genetic resources collected in the Azerbaijan environment in the format of passport descriptors and characterization data. The importance of plant characterization databases in agricultural research introduction in the field of agriculture, the accurate characterization of plant species is crucial for various research and development purposes. The passport descriptor data is the data such as taxonomy data, geographical, storage, recovery, exchange, introduction and reintroduction, organizations in the field of study, conservation and utilization of plant gene pool, farmers, information about breeders and donors, what about the characterization data, this is a data about morphological analyses, quality indicators, physiological analyzes and biochemical analyzes. This data is crucial for prioritizing and managing germplasm collections to ensure the conservation of genetic diversity. As a result of these studies, plant seed accessions were characterized using special descriptors lists based on international standards issued by International Biodiversity and ICARDA. In the Central Database, the characterization data is reflected in the quot%253BCharacterizationquot%253B tables created for each plant groups with characterization information. These tables are linked with other relevant tables that form the core of the database to obtain taxonomy data, accession number, biological status and other such important information about plant genetic resources. As a result, it was created a trait collection for 12 plant groups. Thus, the results of relevant researches (morphological analyses, quality indicators, physiological analyzes and biochemical analyzes results), carried out by the cereals and leguminous plants and the technical plant laboratories of the institute which accessions taken from Genbank are reflected in those databases. Plant breeders use such databases to identify desirable traits in plant varieties for breeding programs. By accessing information on the genetic traits of different varieties, breeders can make informed decisions on which plants to cross to develop new varieties with improved characteristics
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Inoculation Methods of Macrophomina Phaseolina, the Causative Agent of Coal Rot Disease, in Soybean
Get PDFAlthough soybean is affected by many fungal diseases from seed to harvest, charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most important diseases of soybean. It is important to grow resistant varieties because microsclerots can remain alive in the soil for many years, and there is currently no effective chemical control. Currently, many inoculation methods are used to determine the resistance of soybean plants to M. phaseolina%253B however, their effectiveness under field conditions has not been fully determined. In this study, soybean plants were inoculated with M. phaseolina during the flowering period using agar-disc, toothpick, and microsclerot injection methods, and the efficiency of these methods was investigated. In the disease observations made close to harvest, the disease index value was 3.3 in the agar disk method, 1.9 in the toothpick method and 1.3 in the microsclerot method. The results of the study showed that the symptoms in all methods were similar to those in field conditions, the agent could be transmitted by seeds and had an effect on seed quality, and the agar-disc method was the most successful method among the methods used to inoculate soybean plants with M. phaseolina under field conditions
Characterization and Environmental Impact of Olive Mill Wastewater Generated from the Three-Phase Extraction Process
Get PDFOlive mill wastewater (OMWW) is the main pollutant from the three-phase extraction system of olive oil production. The disposal of OMWW into surface waters represents an important environmental problem in Albania due to huge quantities in short periods (November-February) and high concentrations of organic compounds mainly phenols which cause ecological issues for the ecosystem, such as soil contamination and water pollution.
This study focused on characterization of vegetation water effluents generated from threendash%253Bphase extraction processes of olive oil production to evaluate their environmental impact.
Samples of OMWW were collected from different three-phase olive mills operating in southern and central parts of Albania. Physicochemical characterization and multivariate analysis were performed. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed that samples of OMWW had an acid pH (4.4-5.3), high levels of organic load expressed in terms of BOD5 (29.8-48.3 g%252Fl), and COD (126-216.8 g%252Fl), higher levels of total nitrogen (423-635mg%252FL), oils and grease (5.5-8.5 g%252FL) compared to allowed effluent discharge limits according to Albanian standards. The biodegradability index of OMWW analyzed exceeds the threshnot%253Bold of 3, confirming that our samples are partially or no biodegradable and the polyphenot%253Bnol concentration was 5.5-8.42 g%252Fl
Effect of Vegetative Herbicides on the Weed Infestation and the Productivity of Common Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Get PDFThe aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of the application of vegetative herbicides on the weed infestation and the productivity in cultivars common winter wheat. The investigations were carried out during 2018ndash%253B2021 at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute ndash%253B General Toshevo (DAI). The following herbicides were used%253A Ergon WG (50 g%252Fha), Starane Gold (1800 ml%252Fha), Biatlon 4D%2BDesh (50g%252Fha%2B500ml%252Fha) and Korelo Duo%2BDas Oil (260.5 g%252Fha%2B500ml%252Fha) from the group of sulfunylureas with various mechanism of action. The preparations were applied at stage 29 and 37 (according to Zadoks) of three cultivars common winter wheat, Rada, Kosara and Pchelina. The herbicide effect was determined by the quantitative weight method and evaluated by the EWRS scale. Four-factor dispersion analysis was applied. The factors year conditions, cultivar, herbicide and stage were followed. Regardless of the cultivars and the stage of treatment, Starane gold had highest efficiency (100%25) against the following investigated weeds%253A Sinapis arvensis L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Anthemis arvensis L., Galium tricorne (Stock.), Consolida orientalis (J. Gay) and Cirsium arvensis L. Ergon WG, Biatlon 4D%2BDesh and Korelo Duo%2BDas Oil had 100%25 efficiency against Sinapis arvensis L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Anthemis arvensis L. and Cirsium arvensis L. and lower effect (90-94%25) on Galium tricorne (Stock), Consolida orientalis (J. Gay). The factors with highest strength of effect were the year conditions (60%25) and the used cultivar (30%25)
Application of Emulsion-Based Encapsulation Methods in Food Technology%253A A Review
No full textEncapsulation is a method of entrapping and protecting sensitive active compounds into the structure of an encapsulation carrier (coating material). Capsules of different dimensions are obtained as encapsulation products. Each capsule consists of two main materials%253A 1) active compound and 2) carrier (coating material). The main aim of encapsulation is to protect active compounds from degradation influenced by different external factors. Encapsulation is a technique that can increase the stability and improve the usability of many active and biologically valuable natural ingredients. In recent times it has been increasingly used in food technology.
Emulsification is one of the most important encapsulation methods suitable for use in food technology, which can be used alone or in combination with other encapsulation methods. The emulsion formation can be used to encapsulate hydrosoluble and liposoluble liquid substances. The size of droplets within such emulsions ranges from 0.1-5000 mu%253Bm. The main advantages of this encapsulation method are the protection of the encapsulated substance from high temperatures and oxidation during heat treatment and drying, the possibility of encapsulating liposoluble and hydrosoluble substances, and the controlled release of the active substance. Emulsion-based techniques are widespread encapsulation methods suitable for the food industry. A wide range of active substances can be encapsulated, such as probiotic bacteria, proteins, amino acids, essential oils, flavonoids, vitamin E, lutein, beta carotene, fish oil, omega 3 fatty acids, aspartame and other sweeteners, xylitol and menthol in chewing gum (prolonged cooling effect), curcumin, catechin, vitamin C, vitamin B12 (for the enrichment of dairy products), vitamin B1 and herbal extracts. Obtained capsules can be applied to produce functional milk and dairy products, salad sauces and dressings, fruit juices, dried soup mixtures, functional meat products, the oil industry, and confectionery
Application of Mobile Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Method in the Determination of Varietal Differences in Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa) after Harvesting in Greenhouse Cultivation
Get PDFThe present study aims to establish the application of fluorescence spectroscopy as a field method in the determination of varietal differences after lettuce harvesting in greenhouse cultivation. The experimental studies were conducted on-site at the farm where the lettuce leaf accessions were grown. The fluorescence analysis was carried out with a source with an emission wavelength of 285 nm and an author-developed mobile fiber-optic experimental set-up. The subjects of this research are leaves from Djentelina, Hercules, Lolo Roca, and Paris White.
The correlation between the emission signals of the samples was established. This fact allows mobile fluorescence spectroscopy to be successfully applied as a rapid tool to establish the origin of unknown lettuce accessions in the presence of a rich library of spectra as an applied tool in breeding programs. The results of the experiment can be used to optimize the time for the analysis of the varietal differences of the lettuce genotypes after harvest in greenhouse cultivation. Fluorescence spectroscopy in a fiber-optical configuration will support the process of determining the belonging of a specific variety of lettuce to a given variety of lettuce (even for samples of unknown origin when it is necessary to qualify the result of accessions in a short time)
Identification of Heat Stress-Associated the HSPA1A (HSP70) Gene in Holstein and Turkish Grey Cattle
Get PDFGenetic research focuses on breeds that adapt to harsh climatic conditions against the adverse effects of global warming in the livestock industry. Turkish Grey cattle are highly resistant to adverse climatic and natural conditions and against parasitic diseases. The HSPA1A gene encodes the HAPA1A (HSP70) protein, which protects cells against many stress factors. This study investigated polymorphisms in the HSPA1A gene by DNA sequencing in Holstein (n%253D70) and Turkish Grey Cattle (n%253D70). The 23 and 21 SNPs were detected in Turkish Grey and Holstein cattle, respectively. The six SNPs were identified in the 3acute%253B-UTR region and 18 SNPs in the exonic region (15 synonymous SNPs, 3 non-synonymous SNPs) of the gene. The three non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNP), rs382492082, rs385826597 and rs384294013 lead to Met5Ile, Met5Thr and Gly626Ala substitution, respectively. The effects of nsSNPs on protein structure and function were evaluated using ConSurf, HOPE project, SHIFT and DUET tools. The ConSurf and SHIFT analyses suggest that the amino acid substitutions are likely well-tolerated and have low evolutionary conservation, implying that these changes might not significantly impact the protein%252339%253Bs function. In contrast, the HOPE project and DUET analyses indicate potential structural and functional disruptions caused by these mutations. Additionally, haplotype analysis indicates distinct genetic structures between Turkish Grey and Holstein cattle, suggesting diverse evolutionary pressures and historical recombination events. The SNPs identified in this study may guide genetic marker-assisted breeding to improve thermotolerance in domestic and exotic cattle
Documentation of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Samples According to the International Descriptors
Get PDFIn the research, seventy-four sweet cherry varieties and forms collected from the Guba, Khachmaz, Sheki, Tartar, and Agdash districts of Azerbaijan were characterized and evaluated. International standards were used as the basis for entering the obtained data into the Cherry Characterization Database created as part of the Central Database (CDB). The characterizations were carried out following those standards and compiled in MS Excel tables for eventual integration into regional and global databases. International descriptors were thus used to gather characterization and assessment data (phenological observations, morphological analyses, quality indicators, and physiological analyses) for the research that was carried out between 2017 and 2020 years. The data were also processed for future use in breeding and other plant research. A sweet cherry plant characterization database was created in the structure of the Central Database of the plant collection of the National Genbank under the Institute of Genetic Resources of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The characterization data we provided were included in the respective trait fields (for 22 traits) under the created characterization database. Currently, the established characterization databases contain information on seventy-four sweet cherry samples