The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Development, Status and Perspectives of Vine-growing and Wine-making in Bulgaria
Get PDFGrapes and wine production on the Balkan Peninsula dated back to the ancient times due to the favorable natural conditions for vine-growing. Despite its small territory, with its geographic location Bulgaria has an extremely varied relief and climate. On the basis of the diverse terroir the country was divided into 5 wine-growing regions where along with the common, globally known vine varieties, some local ones, characteristic and typical of each region, are also grown.
Over the past two decades, the development of the wine sector in the country and the legislation had been in line with the requirements and arrangements with the European Union. From 2002 to 2010 there was a significant decline in the cultivated area of vineyards and the wine export. Full control has been introduced on the planting of wine grape varieties. During the years following the accession of Bulgaria to the EU, there has been a gradual expansion of the cultivated areas with wine and table grape varieties, although the process of setting up new plantations is extremely slow. The preservation and expansion of the vineyards of traditional Bulgarian varieties has been encouraged. Wine varieties dominate in the structure of vineyards and occupy 95%25 of the vineyards and the table grapes ndash%253B about 5%25. The red wine varieties are predominant, as they are about 58%25 of the area of the vineyards and white wine varieties are 42%25. During the last decade, the interest in bio and organic produce has grown strongly and the areas for organic grape production are constantly growing. Over the past 100 years, viticulture and wine-making development in Bulgaria had marked times of rise and times of severe crises however it had always preserved its place as a subsector determining the structure of Bulgarian agriculture, being of great importance for the countrys economy
Evaluation on Allelopathic Potential of Velvet Bean (Mucuna cochinchinensis) on Germination of Goosegrass (Eleusineindica L.)
No full textThe experiment was conducted at the Toxicology laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia in 2013. Allelopathic potential of aqueous methanol and water extracts of M. cochinchinensis leaves, seed and root was investigated on seed germination and seedling growth of goosegrass and biotest crop species%253A lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The treatments consisted of five concentrations (100, 75, 50, 25, 0 %25)%253B plant parts (leaves, seed, root) and extraction solvents (methanol, water) were replicated three times and arranged as a completely randomized block (CRD) design. Germination, radicle and hypocotyl growth of all test plant species were inhibited at concentrations (100, 75, 50 and 25%25). The total germination percentage was lowest with the methanolic extracts of leaf, seed and root of M. cochinchinensis at 100 %25 concentration in the order of 0.00, 30.66 and 4.66%25, respectively. Concomitantly, the radicle length inhibition percentages of methanolic extracts at higher concentration of 100%25 were 100, 88.5 and 94.4%25 of the leaf, seed and root extracts, respectively. The water extracts recorded the highest germination percentage and lower inhibitory activity of the radicle and hypocotyl length. The study confirmed plant growth-inhibitory compounds of M. cochinchinensis is dependent on the extraction solvents and extract concentrations as expressed that methanolic solvent at higher extract concentration had the stronger inhibitory activity
The Influence of Herbal Supplement on the Productivity and Health Condition of Fattening Pigs
Get PDFA scientific and economic experiment with 26 swine of the breed combination ♀Dunabe White Swine x (Еnglish Landrace x Pietrain) x ♂Danish Landrace was carried out in Agricultural Institute ndash%253B Shumen. The animals were divided into two groups of 13, raised in separate boxes. The experiment was divided into two sub-periods, starting at an average live weight of 30.63 kg and ending at 110 kg live weight. During the first sub-period (30 to 60 kg live weight), the swine from first group were given a combined feed containing 16.4%25 crude protein, 0.80%25 lysine, 0.87%25 calcium and 0.66%25 phosphorus, and during the second period (from 60 to 110 kg live weight) ndash%253B 15.5%25 crude protein, 0.85%25 lysine, 0.64%25 calcium and 0.45%25 phosphorus. Animals from the second group were given the same combined feed, accordingly for the first and second sub-periods, with the addition of herbal supplement (30%25 nettle leaves, 5%25 dandelion, 5%25 hawthorn, 10%25 goosegrass, and 50%25 rosehip flour) at 10g per day. The usage of herbal supplement in the compound feed for fattening pigs from the Dunabe White breed, from 30 to 110 kg live weight, does not significantly affect the growth rate and feed conversion ratio per kg gain. The animals from the experimental (II) group have a higher average daily increase during the period from 60 to 110 kg live weight with 4.34%25 in comparison to those from group I, but all differences are statistically insignificant. There is a tendency for slightly better fat characteristics in animals receiving the herbal supplement. The usage of the tested herbal supplement needs additional studies to detect the effects on fattening pigs
Evaluation of the Hygienic Quality of Raw Milk at Different Levels of the Dairy Chain
Get PDFVariations in the hygienic quality of raw milk collected at different levels of the dairy chain from the farm, tanks, at the end of collection and at delivery in the north-central region of Algeria were studied over a period of one year. The average loads of all the germs of contamination increased gradually (plt%253B0.001). The average values of these respective evolutions of the farm, at the end of collection and delivery, expressed in Log10 cfu%252Fml of raw milk for total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF), total and faecal coliforms (TC), (FC) values are (5.11, 6.42 and 7.5), (3.1, 4.6 and 5.31), (1.61, 3.29 and 4.29). Yeasts and molds are present with high levels of contamination in the samples analyzed, the average per milliliter expressed in Log10 cfu at each collection site are respectively (2.84, 4.58 and 5.34), (1 24, 3.23 and 3.88). The pathogenic flora also has increasing presence rates at each level of the dairy chain. Milks from farms that were already contaminated with Clostridium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus (15.27, 1.39 and 4.86%25), respectively, arrived at the different dairies with exponential mean presence (50%253B 28.33 and 56.66%25). However, it should be noted that the danger is all the more important as the presence rate and the microbial load are higher in raw milks. The strong growth of the micro-organisms studied once again demonstrates the variability of practices from one sampling site to another. This is the result of poor hygienic conditions during milking, they also provide information on the degree of handling of milk, including the observed transvasions
Effect of Different Drying Techniques on Some Functional Properties of Dried Fig
Get PDFFig as one of the major export products of Turkey, deteriorates very quickly due to its perishable nature. For this reason it is utilized as dried fruit. In traditional drying method of figs, it was observed that there are some problems caused by climate, especially due to rainfall during drying season,thus, quality losses occur. With this project fresh figs were dried at two different humidity levels in both the sun and the cabinet type dryer using different immersion solutions at 2015 to 2017. Additionally, frac14%253B cut fruits was dried in both methods without using solutions. According to the sensory analysis results, frac14%253B cut fruits take the highest score while the second was dried figs without using immersion solutions. The immersion solutions were effective in reducing the drying time of the figs but due to the adverse taste effect of alkali ethyl oleate solution, it was not preferred. In the frac14%253B-cut fruits the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity identified as 343.30 (mgGA %252F 100 g DM) and 259.32 (mu%253BM trolox %252F 100 g DM), respectively, and this application gives better results compared to others. In this study where fresh figs are dried, aflatoxin analysis was performed on all products and it was not detected in any of the samples
Dependence between the Rheological Properties of the Initial Raw Material and Whole Muscle Ham Products From Beef
No full textThe changes in the rheological characteristics of beef ham products were studied using a dynamic penetrometer with a cone angle of 10 deg%253B and 30deg%253B. The ratios of the immersion depths of the cone of a dynamic penetrometer for different muscles (m.Semimembranosus and m. Longissimus dorsi) were calculated. When using different cones, the ratios varied depending on the content of the connective tissue in the meat, as well as in the process. Moreover, the more connective tissue in meat, the less the ratio of strength characteristics of meat along and across its fibers. The stage at which there was significant deterioration in the sensory indices was determined
Effect of Selected Water Quality Properties on the Occurrence and Distribution of Aquatic Macrophytes in the Floodplains of River Benue at Makurdi
Get PDFA study was carried out in River Benue and 10 sites constituting the floodplains of River Benue to determine the effects of selected water quality parameters on the incidence and infestations of aquatic macrophytes. All water quality properties were analyzed using Standard Procedures. Water pH was observed to be variable, ranging from 5.7 at River Benue at the point at which effluents from BBL are discharged to 7.8 at River Benue. Odour, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, (DO), total dissolved solids (TOD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively also followed the same trend. No significant relationships existed between the occurrence and density of Azolla pinnata, Cyperus difformis, Kyllinga pumila, Pycreus lanceolatus (Poir.), Ludwigia decurrens, Leptochloa caerulescens Steud., Cardiospermum heliocacabum, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Pistia stratoites, Mariscus longibracteatus, Heliotropium indicum Linn., Sphenoclea zeylonica Gaertn.and Melochia corchorifolia and the water quality parameters at the study locations. However, positively significant relationships existed between the occurrence and density of Cyperus erecta and the pH of the water at River Benue and the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water at the time of collection. There was a positive and highly significant relationship between Polygonium lanigerum R.Br., Heliotropium indicum, Persicaria decipens and Biochemical DO, BOD, COD and COD. Also, a positive and highly significant relationship existed between Ludwigia hyssopifolia and Sacciolepis africana with turbidity of water. The relationship to dissolved oxygen at time of water collection indicated the favorable disposition of these weeds to thrive and do well under conditions of relatively higher dissolved oxygen
Study of Resistance of Common Winter Wheat Lines to the Fusarium Head Blight (Fusarium Culmorum)
Get PDFThe study includes 22 lines and varieties of common winter wheat, created in the crop breeding program in IPGR Sadovo and varieties Sadovo and Enola as standards. The trials were conducted during the period 2012-2015 in the infectious field of the Institute. A comparative variety trial was performed in three replicates of the infectious field at the Institute. The sowing was done using the Simson (1969) nesting method (circular sowing). The aim of the study was to investigate the resistance of the breeding materials to the fusarium head blight (Fusarium culmorum). The results showed that there are no immune varieties and lines to the studied phytopathogen. Two common winter wheat lines ndash%253B PP 787 and BC 7, fall into the group of resistant genotypes. Into the medium sensitive breeding materials group refer the lines DB%252FA 458, DB 223 and the Fermer variety. The biggest group includes fifteen sensitive genotypes, representing 62.5%25 of the total number of the study materials. Highly sensitive genotypes to Fusarium culmorum were not reported. The correlation between the fusarium head blight (FHB) and the other economically important diseases (brown rust and powdery mildew) of common winter wheat has been established
Methods Assessment for a Sustainable Preparation of the Animal Fat Samples from Dairy Matrix for 1H-NMR Analysis Used to Check Dairy Products Conformity
Get PDFIn the context of globalization and the free movement of foodstuffs, conformity assessment has become a condition for detecting fraud affecting their quality. Therefore, fast and reliable methods of analysis are mandatory. NMR proved that can provide a fatty acid profile that characterizes the apolar matrix.
Sample preparation is a very important step that influences the results. Any used method should have none to minimum impact in the profile of the NMR spectrum.
The study was carried out to examine the influence of fat sample preparation in 1H-NMR analyses. Four methods were assessed to obtain necessary fat. We included the referential ISO 17189%253A2003 in this investigation in order to have a base in comparison of the results. This standard is used to calculate total fat content from butter and it is quite complex in terms of sample preparation. Only the part regarding fat separation and extraction was used. The other variants were centrifugation, direct extraction via phases destabilizing and fat drying by high temperature. Butter was produced in pilot plant by churning commercial 30%25 fat cream. 1H-NMR spectra were obtained using a Bruker 400 MHz spectrometer.
Sustainability, economical approach and environmental factors were the most important criteria followed to choose the right method. No important differences in the fatty acids profile of the butter fat extract were observed in NMR spectra, this conclusion offer the base of using phase destabilisation as a preparation method for this type of analyse
Globalization and Its Influence on the Economy and Other Systems of the Public Relations
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to make the research of globalization and its influence on the economy and other systems of the public relations. Analysis of the problems of the globalization and its peculiarities was investigated by various scientists, representing the most different areas of scientific knowledge. In most cases, globalization is associated with participation and inclusion of the majority of the states and societies in the mutual relations that causes complication of the public relations in financial and economic, political, social and legal aspects that is also closely connected with expansion of information space and development of modern technologies. The term globalization is the main term used for designation of the specified processes though in the doctrine exist also other concepts, such as internationalization, universalization and many others. The driving force of self-control of system of the public relations causes development of the society in the course of globalization directed on preservation and a survival of society through formation of global society with a global law and order on the basis of justice (orderliness, efficiency and a compromise of interests). The global law and order is the social form and manifestation of self-control of the public relations which is expressed in a certain system of regulation and management of the public relations for ensuring qualities of orderliness, efficiency and a compromise of interests in society. These provisions are the main conclusions of this part of research, and are made on the basis of the analysis of applicable scientific-theoretical provisions and necessary information