The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Effects of Additives Application to the Growth Media on Seedling Development
Get PDFIn some countries, which have the field of seedling production, it is very important to produce at an advanced level in vegetable cultivation. In Turkey, already traditional methods of seedling production are widely available. However, in recent times the use of soil conditioners has attracted considerable attention in organic and conventional breeding. Soil conditioners are divided into organic (such as straw-straw, compost, vegetable wastes, worm or poultry stew, plant extracts) or inorganic (such as perlite, sand, clay, vermiculite). In this context, studies on suitable environments and methods for growing seedlings are ongoing. In our study, lettuce, rocket, tomato and cabbage leaf extracts were applied in different combinations like liquid fertilizer. Number of leaves and shoots, leaf width, crown thickness, seedling height, chlorophyll measurement and presence of anthocyanins were determined from cauliflower, broccoli, parsley, cabbage and lettuce. The effects of these applications varied according to the species, and almost all applications were found to increase the measured parameters
Assessment of Microelements Content in Organic Soft Albanian Wheat Genotypes
Get PDFThe increase of micro-element content in wheat seed to reduce human malnutrition is a challenge for all agronomists during plant breeding. The objective of the current study was to assess the micro-element content as Cu, Fe, Mn, Cd, Zn and Cr in 20 accessions and 10 lines of soft wheat grown under organic farming system in Albanian region. The Cu, Fe and Zn contents were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and the Mn, Cd and Cr contents were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The obtained results showed significant variations in micro-element contents in different wheat grains genotypes. Higher levels of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn (6.79%253B 46.42%253B 66.78 and 34.87 mg%252Fkg, respectively in wheat lines) were observed in the present study. These values were higher compared to data reported in previous studies which are performed in the conventional farming system. The concentrations of Cd as a potential toxic element were below the EU limits in all the analyzed samples. The present study showed that the analyzed wheat samples could be considered as a valuable source of micro-elements in human diet
Crude Fat Analysis from Some Meat Products by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Get PDFThis paper presents the thermal analysis of crude fat from salami samples which were reformulated by their lipid profile differentiation using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. Salami samples were manufactured by partial substitution of the back fat with vegetable oils and walnuts. Thermal curves profile of the crude fat was correlated with the lipids profile determined by gas-chromatography%252Fmass spectrometry (GC%252FMS) method. The addition of lipids from vegetable sources determined a decrease of the ratio of saturated%252Funsaturated fatty acids from 0.639 (control) to 0.283 (salami with oil) and 0.218 (salami with oil and walnuts). The thermal curves obtained were different between the samples. For each sample, the crystallization profile showed an exothermic event for the reformulated samples and two events for the control sample, for different onset temperatures%253A 15.410C (control sample), 1.730C (salami with oil) and -5.120C (salami with oil and walnuts). The same profile was observed for two different heat flow rates%253A 100C%252Fmin and 200C%252Fmin, respectively. The melting profile showed three endothermic events for the reformulated samples and two events for the control sample. The samples were different regarding the onset temperature of the last endothermic event which was 11.820C for the control sample, 18.730C for salami with oil and 15.150C for salami with oil and walnuts, respectively, for both heat flow rates. DSC showed the physical properties and thermal behaviour for each chemical composition of the fat. DSC is a promising and rapid method for assessing the thermal fingerprint of a meat product by analyzing the crude fat
Carcass and Meat Composition in F1 Crosses of Two Lines of Slow-Growing Chickens Reared in Conventional or Alternative System with Access to Pasture
Get PDFThe study was carried out to compare the carcass quality, meat chemical composition and its fatty acid profile in two slow-growing crosses obtained from La Belle (LB) and Bresse Gauloise (BB) parents, reared in conventional or alternative system with pasture access. At the age 12 weeks, male chickens (n%253D6) of each cross were slaughtered. Two-way ANOVA was used to assess the effect of the rearing strategies as well as the crossbreed on the carcass quality and meat chemical and fatty acid composition. The live and carcass weight of both crosses, as well as the dressing percentage were influenced mostly by the rearing system, showing advantage of the indoors grown birds. Despite the reduced values of these parameters, no deposition of abdominal fat was detected in the pastured birds from both crosses, which is a positive influence of the outdoors system observed in the particular crosses. In regard to the chemical composition of the meat, the pasture access decreased the protein content in both breast and thigh meat (Plt%253B0.001) but increased the moisture (Plt%253B0.001). The cross and the rearing system had different effect on the fatty acid composition of the meat and the related lipid indices, associated with its dietetic quality. While the thigh meat was mostly affected by the cross of the chickens, showing higher content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (Plt%253B0.01) but lower in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (Plt%253B0.05) in the ♂BBx♀LB birds, the fatty acid of the breast meat, showed different response according to the crossbreed and the rearing system. The differences were more pronounced in the ♂LBx♀BB, indicating certain advantage of the pastured chickens from this cross with lower content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) but higher of PUFA and improved values of the polyunsaturated%252Fsaturated fatty acids (P%252FS) and n-6%252Fn-3 PUFA ratios
Influence of Maceration and the Addition of Flavoring Enzyme on the Aromatic Profile of Red Wines from the Region of Central Northern Bulgaria
No full textGas chromatographic study (GC-FID) for determination of the influence of maceration and addition of flavoring enzyme on the aromatic profile of red wines from Central Northern Bulgaria was conducted. The wines were obtained from selected clones (Gamza 52-9-4, Gamza 52-9-5 and Pamid 5%252F76) and varieties (Kaylashky rubin, Trapezitsa). Nineteen volatile compounds have been identified. Of these, 5 higher alcohols, 9 esters and 4 terpene alcohols affected the aroma of the wines. Methyl alcohol has been found in wines. Its concentrations were normal for red wines. The highest total concentration of volatile compounds was found in the Gamza clone 52-9-5 control (363.10 mg%252Fdm3). Gamza 52-9-4 clone, Kaylashky rubin and Trapezitsa varieties have been observed to increase the content of higher alcohols after addition of flavoring enzyme, while in the wines from Gamza 52-9-5 clone and Pamid 5%252F76 clone, the trend was reversed. The ester composition of the experimental samples was diverse. Increased ester content, after the addition of flavoring enzyme was found in Gamza 52-9-4 clone, Kaylashky rubin and Trapezitsa variety. In Gamza 52-9-5 and Pamid 5%252F76, the trend was reversed. The dominant ester was ethyl acetate. The highest content of terpene alcohols was observed in the wine from the control variant of clone Pamid 52-9-4 (0.69 mg%252Fdm3)
Contribution to the Agro-Morphological Characterization of Three Vetch Species (Vicia Spp.) in the Setif Semi-Arid Region by Discriminant Factorial Analysis (ADF)
Get PDFThe issue of the sustainable development of livestock systems in Algeria is part of the way to resolve the issue of the growing gap between forage supply and the needs of a growing livestock herd.
The study undertaken is a contribution to the agro-morphological characterization of vetch and the determination of its place in the feeding of animals and also to highlighting the current situation of forage (cultivated and natural) - case of the vetch - in the semi-arid zone of Setif.
In this study where the general objective is to characterize agro-morphologically the species of vetch the same variables used were included for two statistical analysis approaches, the first descriptive and the second discriminant, which are Variance study and comparison of means and discriminate factor analysis (AFD) whose results corroborate. These analysis have detected significant differences of the input of the three species where the third one (V. sativa) which is obvious from all the variables by%253A Nr, Lrp, Ngrg, Ngrp, Pgrp and for the two sites involved (Northern and Centre of Setif). It is also clear from these analyzes that the variables that have the most weight or the most relevant in discriminating between the three species are Ngrp , Nfr, Lrp and Ngp. Variety evaluation allowed to see a lack of distinction between the varieties of the two introduced species 1 and 2 (V. ervilia and V. narbonensis)%253B a difference of 70 %25 was found between the varieties of local specie 3 (V. sativa). On the other hand, we can assume that these quot%253Bemergingquot%253B varieties of species 3 (José, fig and even Baraka, 715 and 709) exhibit a fairly large phenotypic diversity that can provide a broad genetic base that can potentially serve in improvement programs.
In view of the great variability observed in many traits measured for the three vetches studied, this offers the possibility of choosing the species suitable for the development of the forage area in semi-arid zones, depending on the climatic characteristics and different production systems%253B especially if the introduced varieties do not meet the conditions of the region.
So we can infer that these three species have different uses for their agronomic traits related to biomass production and grain yield, they have considerable potential fodder, especially V.sativa which we can offer as complete feed for use on different forms
Aflatoxinous Figs (Ficus Carica L.) Seperation Process Using Ultraviolet (Uv) Light
Get PDFFig fruits have high aflatoxin-forming capacity due to its high water activity and sugar content from the phase of harvest to the phase of drying. During aflatoxin formation, mycotoxigenic molds produce kojic acid as a metabolic residue. In the presence of kojic acid, aflatoxin-containing products emit greenish yellow and blue color while viewed under long-wave (365nm) UV (Ultraviolet) light. Scanning under UV light is a unique method commonly used for physically separating the aflatoxin-containing fruits from dried figs. With this study, the processes of aflatoxin-containing figs seperation were analyzed in one fig enterpris operating at Aydın province. At each stage of screening, starting from raw to final product, a total of 35 samples as BGYF (%2B) and BGYF (-), were subjected to some quality criteria and aflatoxin analyzes. Aflatoxin was analyzed from 5 raw fig samples and the highest total aflatoxin value was found to be 29.03 mu%253Bg%252Fkg. From the 15 samples viewed BGYF(%2B) and seperated as possible aflatoxin-containing figs in enterpris, wholly aflatoxin was detected, 15 of which were above the total aflatoxin limit value of 10 ppb and a maximum value of 402.10 mu%253Bg %252F kg was analyzed. Aflatoxin was not detected in any of the final product figs separated as BGYF (-)
Resistance of Telluric Fungi to Chemical Fungicides
Get PDFOur work focuses on the identification of resistance of telluric fungi to commonly used fungicidesin chemical control. We investigate the resistance of telluric fungi (Fusarium sp., Chalara sp., Sporonema sp., Stiebum sp., Didymabotrium sp., Dothichiza sp. and Sclerotopsis sp.) from cereal fields to four fungicides (Propicone, Vapcotop, Curitine V and Kazir). This study was based on direct contact of the telluric isolates with fungicides on Petri dishes. For the four tested fungicides different rates of resistance and susceptibility were observed according to the isolate and the used concentration. One of the isolates showed a high resistance to Vapcotop with 500 mg%252Fl. Generally the statistical analysis revealed that there are no significant differences in the effect of fungicides concentrations against isolates, while significant differences are observed between isolates
Estimation of Runoff and Sediment Transport%253A Case of the Mounts of Beni Chougrane, Mascara, Algeria
Get PDFThe estimation of runoff and sediment transport in mountainous areas, using the rain simulation method among others, allows us to control the effect of water erosion on the considerable loss of arable land share and siltation of the other dams. The objective of this study is to quantify runoff and sediment transport and finding mathematical models explaining the relationship between the runoff coefficient quot%253BKrquot%253B and sediment concentration quot%253BCquot%253B.
The rainfall simulator used in our experiment is a quot%253BORSTOMquot%253B. We chose the parameters according to the conditions observed in the field, namely rain intensity (I1 %253D 30, I2 %253D 50 and I3 %253D 80 mm.h-1), ground slope (P1%253D 12.5 and P2 %253D 25%25) and soil moisture state (S%253A Dry, H%253A damp TH%253A very humid). These settings are applied to marl representing a high percentage in the mountains of Beni Chougrane in western Algeria.
The results show that there is significant variations in Kr and C. The search for mathematical models explaining these relationships led us to choose the linear model which best explains the relationship between C and Kr in %25%253A C %253D A %2B BKr , with a correlation coefficient of 85%25. The logarithmic model LogC %253D A %2B B.LogKr, ranks second with a correlation coefficient of up to 75%25. The runoff coefficient is closely related to the intensity of the rain quot%253BIquot%253B and quot%253BPquot%253B slope whereas the sediment concentration varies in proportion to the intensity of the rain and the moisture condition of the soil quot%253BHquot%253B. The application of the technique of rainfall simulation which has the advantage of controlling parameters considered, allowed us to establish a more realistic modeling to explain all the fluctuations of these two parameters
Determination of Antioxidant Activity and Total Anthocyanin Content of Frozen and Thawed Strawberries under Different Conditions
Get PDFStrawberries are among the summer fruits popularly consumed by consumers. High antioxidant activity, anticancer, anti-inflammatory effect and high bioactive substance content are also beneficial to human health. However, their shelf life is short due to their high water content and active metabolismThey can be kept frozen and processed in order to be consumable in all seasons. During freezing, when the water in the contents turns into ice crystals, the expansion occurs. For this reason, frozen and thawed fruit is generally softer than fresh fruit. These effects can vary with different types of freezing condition. In addition, freezing and thawing conditions can affect the stability of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity.
In this study, fresh strawberries were frozen at different temperatures%253B -18 deg%253BC, -86 deg%253BC, and individually quick frozen (IQF) as freezing methods. Frozen strawberries were thawed at 24 deg%253BC at room condition, %2B4 deg%253BC in the refrigerator and microwave oven with thawing mode. Total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid and total anthocyanins content, and total antioxidant activity were performed to examine the effect of freezing and thawing on biocompatibility. According to the results, the total phenolic compounds in the range of 0.77-2.76 mg gallic acid equivalent%252Fg, flavonoid content 0.32-0.90 mg catechin equivalent%252Fg, total anthocyanin content 0.02-0.16 mg%252Fg and total antioxidant capacity 49.06 and 55.64%25 were found in strawberries. According to these results, it was determined that the loss of bioactive components was minimized by frozen with IQF and thawing in the microwave oven. In addition, the shortness of the thawing time in this process provides an extra advantage