The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Evaluation of Different Isolates of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Homoptera%253A Aphididea) from Constantine, Algeria
No full textThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of seven entomopathogenic fungi (Aspergillus californicus, Beauveria bassiana, Fusarium oxysporium, Metharizium flavoride, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma viride and Verticillium alfalfae) against aphid insects%253A Metopolophium dirhodum. The selected entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from the agricultural soil of the National Institute of Plant Protection of Constantine, Algeria, and were tested against aphid insects that were gathered from the same area. The aphids were exposed to each fungal spore suspension (107 conidia%252FmL) for 10 seconds. The viability%252Fmortality of the insects was evaluated on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day after inoculation. After 7 days of inoculation, all the fungi species, except F. oxysporum, presented a significant effect (P lt%253B 0.05) against the studied aphid. The mortality rate was estimated between 21 and 96%25. B. bassaian, C. cladosporioides and V. alfalfae presented the most potent effect on M. dirhudum with a percentage above 50%25 (95.83, 63.98 and 51.83%25, respectively). A. californicus and M. flavoride showed the same effect%253A 41.97%25. T. viride and F. oxysporium had the lowest effect with 31.44%25 and 20.83%25, respectively. The inter%252Fintra specificity of the fungi was mostly reported, besides other factors, as the modulator of their effectiveness
Phenological Behaviors and Productivity of Different Pepper Genotypes in Depending on Environmental Conditions
Get PDFThe main goal of the present study was to evaluate the phenological development of pepper genotypes with different origin depending on environmental factors under the Bulgarian conditions with a view to proposing the most suitable ones for inclusion in the breading programs. The experiments were carried out in 2015-2017 years under the South Bulgarian conditions, in Agricultural University-Plovdiv region, with seventh different pepper genotype and breeding lines. The plants were grown by the conventional for middle yearly field production technology. The phenophases of beginning and mass%253A sprouting, flower bud, flowering, fruit set and fruiting were recorded. Four harvests were done and productivity was determined. The average daily temperature, total active temperature sum, maximal and minimal temperature, rainfall and the hydrothermal coefficient of vegetation period were calculated. Between phenological behaviors on one hand and productivity on the other hand and elements of climatic conditions, high relations were determinated. High regression coefficients between average daily temperature, total active temperature sum and rainfall and periods between different stage of development and productivity were established. The highest productivity and earlier occurrence of some phenophases of 42-2013 and 42-2010 makes them most suitable to be proposed for inclusion in future breeding programs
Milk quality and food practices in dairy cattlefarming in the semi-arid region of Setif
No full textThe purpose of this work was to bring out the diversity of milks produced in the semi-arid Algerian Setif area and link it to the practices of pastoralists mainly in the food sector. In 24 dairy farms, representing different feeding strategies, a breeding follow-up detailing the ways of driving cows was adopted. In parallel, a seasonal analysis of the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of 144 mixed milk samples (6 samples per season %252Fspring, summer%252F and per farm during two passages) in 24 farms was carried out. Milk quality parameters were highly variable and generally satisfactory. The physicochemical composition of the milks could be described as average for the majority of the samples, and marked a remarkable normativity. The majority of the farm milk samples displayed average fat content compliant. It was below 35 g%252Fl in only 21.52%25 of the samples and showed significant fluctuations during the summer season, ranging from 31 to 41.7 g%252Fl. Seven farms had average contents of above 35g%252Flfor both periods. Variations in the butter fat between the different farms could be explained by the production and eating behavior strategies adopted by each farm. The protein content recorded in both seasons appeared much more stable than the fat content of all the milk collected. The average protein level for the 24 farms was 34.21g%252Fkg. However, 8.33%25 of the milk samples in spring and 12.5%25 of those collected in summer had levels considered insufficient (less than 33g%252Fkg). The microbiological results were highly variable with average counts of total aerobic mesophilic microflora exceeding the maximum standard of 105 CFU%252Fml. Hygienic quality was a concern for all milk samples despite the variety of situations. The typology of milk samples allowed to describethe diversity in milk quality based on variations in the levels of useful materials and fluctuations in total microflora
Genetic Diversity in Triticale Breeding Lines, Stored in IPGR Sadovo
Get PDFA three-year study (2015-2017) of 24 breeding lines and varieties of triticale in the experimental field of IPGR Sadovo was conducted. The experience is sown in a block scheme in 3 replications, with a randomized distribution of repeat variants with a plot size of 10 m2. As a standard in the comparative assessment were used the varieties Sadovo 1 and AD72-91. The following indicators are obtained%253A date of heading and morphological features%253A plant height (cm), weight of 1000 grains (g) and average yield (kg%252Fda). The aim of the study is to establish the variation of economical traits and the presence of genetic diversity in the triticale breeding lines in order their more effectively utilization in the breeding process. Under the specific conditions of the test period the yields ranged from 516,40 kg%252Fda for A1BM0132 (Т-139) to 711,40 kg%252Fda for A6BM0193 (Т-218), and the average crop yield for the three-year period was 644,3 kg%252Fda. Only two breeding lines ndash%253B A1BM0018 (ТС-128 Sadovetz) and A6BM0193 (Т-218) have a yield above 700 kg%252Fda. On the basis of the cluster analysis performed on economical traits, the studied triticale collection is divided into four groups with genotypes with similar characteristics
Fatty Acid Composition of Thigh Meat in Two Lines of Slow-Growing Chickens as Affected by the Access to Pasture
Get PDFThe study was carried out to examine the effect of the pasture access vs. conventional rearing on the fatty acid composition an of the thigh meat in two lines of slow growing chickens - La Belle (LB) and Bresse Gauloise (BB). Additionally differences between the lines were also examined. The influence of both factors on the lipid profile were assessed through two-way ANOVA. The effect of pasture was more pronounced than the line and was associated with lower contents of the saturated (SFA) (Plt%253B0.001), and significant increase (Plt%253B0.001) of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Such changes in the fatty acids of the thigh meat in the chickens having access to pasture induced considerably lower atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI) indices. Furthermore, the n-6%252Fn-3 ratio was reduced (Plt%253B0.001), while the ratios between the poly- and saturated fatty acids (P%252FS), as well as the hypo- and hypercholesterolemic (h%252FH) (Plt%253B0.001) were increased in the pastured lines. Differences in the fatty acid composition of the thigh meat due to the line of the birds, were not observed, however the BB birds reared conventionally tended to have higher content of C18%253A2n-6 and C18%253A3n-3
Comparison of the Fatty Acid Composition and Lipid Nutritional Indices of Meat in Two Lines of Slow-Growing Chickens and Their F1 Crosses
Get PDFThe study was carried out to compare the fatty acid profile and related lipid nutritional indices in the breast and thigh meat of two slow-growing lines of chickens La Belle (LB) and Bresse Gauloise (BB) and their crosses (♂LBx♀BB, ♂BBx♀LB). The birds were reared indoors in the experimental poultry farm of the Institute of Animal Science ndash%253BKostinbrod, Bulgaria. At the age of 12 weeks, 6 male chickens of each line were slaughtered and lipid analysis of the breast and thigh meat was done. The differences in the fatty acid profile and related nutritional indices of the meat between the lines were assessed by one-way ANOVA. The fatty acid composition was affected by the crossing of the lines but to a different extent in breast and thigh meat. The highest amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was observed in the meat of ♂BBx♀LB chickens due to the significant increase of C16%253A1n-7 in breast and C18%253A1n-9 in the thigh of these birds. On the other hand, this crossbred line exhibited the lowest levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Furthermore, the lowest content of MUFA was observed in the breast of the pure lines and thigh in BB and ♂LBx♀BB, while the highest PUFA level was determined in the breast of LB and thigh of ♂LBx♀BB. The differences in the meat dietetic quality described by the lipid indices showed no consistent patterns in the pure and crossbred lines depending on the type of meat. When compared with the rest, the breast meat of the LB male chickens showed significantly higher polyunsaturated%252Fsaturated fatty acids (P%252FS) ratio, while lowest n-6%252Fn-3 PUFA and thrombogenic index (TI). The values of the atherogenic index (AI) and the ration between the hypo-and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (h%252FH) were also improved in this line. Thigh meat however, showed best characteristics in terms of P%252FS and n-6%252Fn-3 in the ♂LBx♀BB cross
Influence of Fertilization and Environmental Conditions on the Phenological and Morphological Development of Carrot Plants During Seed Production
Get PDFThe main goal of the present study was to establish the influence of different rate of fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and interaction with the environmental conditions and their effect on phenological development of the carrot seed plant. The experiment was carried out in the Experimental fields of the Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria with carrot variety Tushon. The plants were grown by conventional technology with steckling. Two way of fertilization was applied. In the first one, the total amounts of fertilizers were put in the autumn soil treatment and in the second one, it was split twice - in autumn the half and the other in spring in stecklings planting. The phenophases of beginning and mass%253A developed of leave rosette%253B appearing, flowering, developed and maturity of the seed of central, primary, secondary and tertiary umbels were recorded. Morphological characteristic of seed plant as a high and total vegetative weight was established. The average daily temperature, maximal and minimal temperature, rainfall and the hydrothermal coefficient of vegetation period were calculated. The relations between phenological behaviors and morphological development and elements of climatic conditions were determinated. The significance of the environmental conditions on the phenological development, especially for appearing of the umbels and flowering as well as the maturity of the seeds was established
Germination of Seeds and Growth of Young Cropson the Mine Dump Soil of Kišnica and Its Surrounding Area
Get PDFThe percentage of seed germination and growth of young plants of wheat crops (Triticum vulgare L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) on the substrate of the mine dump of Kišnica mine and its surrounding area was studied. The growth of young plants was monitored for 25 days from sowing. The results obtained during the study showed that the percentage of seed germination and the growth of the studied plants varied depending on both the plant species and on the concentration of the pollutants in the used soil from different sites, as well as the distance of the sites from the pollutant emitters. The highest percentage of germination was observed in wheat seeds from the site Gračanica (3 km away from the emitter) and the smallest percentage of germination was found in barley seeds from the site Kišnica mine. The fastest growth was recorded in the wheat from the site Gračanica, and the greatest inhibition during plant growth was recorded in the corn from the site Kišnica mine pit where the height of stem was only 2.45%25 compared to the control. Toxic substances (heavy metals from the mine dump of Kišnica mine) had the inhibitory effect on the seed germination. Low concentrations of heavy metals in the soil from Gračanica stimulated the growth of plants that, after 25 days of growth, was stopped in all the plants growing on that soil. However, high concentrations of heavy metals inhibited seed germination and the growth of young plants on the substrate from Kišnica mine. The inhibition or stimulation of seed germination and the growth of young plants in the presence of heavy metals in the soil was caused by the inhibition or activation of the enzymatic system responsible for the metabolic processes during morphogenesis
Aromatic Profile of Grapes from White and Red Varieties
Get PDFThe aromatic composition of grapes from the white varieties Dimyat clone 6%252F46, Aligote clone 4%252F10, Muscat Ottonel clone 7%252F46, Misket Vrachanski clone 9%252F5, Plevenska Rosa and the red varieties Pamid clone 5%252F76, Gamza clone 52-9-4, Gamza clone 52-9-5, Kaylashki Rubin, grown in the soil and climatic conditions of Pleven, Central Northern Bulgaria was studied. Twenty-one flavor-determining components influencing the aromatic profile of the wine (9 esters, 7 terpenes and 5 higher alcohols) were identified. The number of the analyzed groups of compounds was the greatest in the white aromatic varieties (Muscat Ottonel, Misket Vrachanski, Plevenska Rosa), being their specific feature. The content of esters in white and red varieties was similar, unlike the terpenes and the higher alcohols, the sum of which was higher in the white ones. In the experimental samples the quantity of esters was prevailing with the highest concentration of ethyl butanoate, diethyl succinate, ethyl decanoate. The 2-phenylacetate content was the lowest. From the terpenes group, in the white varieties the representatives of linalool, nerol and geraniol predominated qualitatively, while in the red ones linalool and the isomers of linalool oxide were prevailing. From the identified higher alcohols the highest concentrations found were of 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol
Influence of Facebook on Body Image and Disordered Eating in Kazakhstan and USA
Get PDFWomen in the United States of America (USA) are ranked fourth heaviest in the world, while women in Kazakhstan are generally thin. This difference in average female weight leads to interesting questions regarding perceptions of beauty. Is there less negative body image in Kazakhstan given that, on average, Kazakh women are slimmer compared to American women%253F The thin ideal is pervasive in all genres of mass media and has been linked to negative body image, which in turn is a risk factor for eating disorders, and a significant predictor of low selfnot%253B-esteem, depression, and obesity. Young women spend an increasing amount of time with social media both in Kazakhstan and the USA, but the relationship between this growing exposure and body image is not fully understood. This study uses objectification to examine the relationship between time spent on Facebook and body image among Kazakh and American college women. Time on Facebook predicted BSQ and EAT-26 scores in Kazakhstan but did not in the USA, suggesting Facebook may have a more subtle effect in the USA. Time on Facebook predicted attention to appearance and negative feelings in both countries. Practical and theoretical implications are detailed