The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Study of Some Biological Parameters of Spotted FlounderCitharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758) fished in Mostaganem bay
Get PDFSome biological parameters of Spotted Flounder Citharus linguatula (Linnaeus, 1758), fished in Mostaganem bay were described based on 144 fishes, that were collected between January, March and April 2015. The study of sex ratio, showed that the females (61. 07%25) were more numerous than males (38.93%25). The total vertebral number of is ranged from 31 to 32. The length-weight relationship of C. linguatula, indicated a negative allometry (blt%253B3)
A Review about Cotton Leaf Curl Viral Disease and Its Control Strategies in Pakistan
Get PDFCotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) in Pakistan is the most serious threat to cotton crops of last two decades. This diseases causes a huge losses not only to the cotton crops but also the economy of Pakistan is under threat. This problem of Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (CLCuD) is still under discussion among the researchers since it first appeared in 1967 and in 1992-93, it came in epidemic form. The dilemma of CLCuD caused decline in the yield down to 9.05 million bales and 8.04 million bales in 1993-94 in Pakistan. For developing resistant cultivars against the virus to screen against CLCuD, different disease inducing methods such as grafting, delayed sowing and whitefly mediated transfer are used. The epidemiology of diseases is changed by abiotic factors specifically temperature and plant age. Management of CLCuD is the only option that can command the disease in various ways inclusive of change in sowing dates, crop nutrition, cultural practices, vector control, buffer crops and systemic poisoning of cotton seed by seed treatment will make the cotton crop safe in initial 40-50 days after sowing. Biotechnology can also help in controlling this disease through transcriptional gene silencing. By using biotechnological tools broad spectrum resistance can be introduced against all viruses present in the field
Qualitative Assessment of Reaction Norm of New Cotton Lines (G. hirsutum L.)
Get PDFThe qualitative side of reaction norm of eight promising cotton lines and of standard cultivar was studied. The lines were obtained by intra-specific and remote hybridization of the G. hirsutum L. species with some wild diploid species of the genus Gossypium L. The type of their dynamic regression (of their regression curve) and the structure of ecological environments in their dynamic rows were determined in order to characterize the reaction norm. The years of the study (2014-2017) appeared to be as different ecological environments. Four qualitative characters - seed cotton yield, boll weight, fiber length and fiber lint percentage were analyzed. It was found that in most cases the studied lines had reaction norm which considerably differed from that of the standard cultivar. The specificity of the lines reaction was less pronounced in its type (in frac12%253B of cases) and stronger (in more than 7%252F8 of cases) in the structure of ecological environments in its dynamic row. By the index type of reaction line № 457 was closest to the standard cultivar, while line № 449 was furthest from it. For the individual characters, the line reaction norm was manifested to varying degrees, from very high - for the boll weight, where similarity with the standard cultivar was missing, to average - for the seed cotton yield, where for this character half of the lines were similar to the standard cultivar
Host Specificity of Sudan Witchweed (Striga Hermonthica [Del.] Benth.) Seed Germination and Haustorium Initiation in Response to Sorghum Root Exudates and Extracts
Get PDFField surveys and laboratory experiments were conducted during the season 2009%252F10 and 2010%252F11 in witchweed (Striga hermonthica [Del.] Benth.) endemic areas in Sudan to investigate the host specificity of witchweed populations collected from different locations with respect seed germination and haustorium initiation in response to sorghum root exudates and extracts. Field surveys were conducted to collect seeds from witchweed plants growing under their respective hosts%253B sorghum and millet. A total of fifteen witchweed populations were collected. Tow in vitro experiments were conducted at the Phytopathology Center and Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Sudan to study the effects of root exudates and root extracts of sorghum cv. Abu-70, cv. Wad Ahmed and cv. Hakika on percentage of seed germination and haustorium initiation. Treatments (fifteen witchweed populations and three sorghum cultivars) were arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with three replicates. Data were collected and subjected to analysis of variance. Means were separated for significant using Duncan%252339%253Bs Multiple Range Test (at p pound%253B 0.5). The results showed that, there were significant differences in seed germination and haustorium initiation of witchweed in response to root exudates and root extracts among sorghum cultivars and among the witchweed populations. However, the highest seed germination and haustorium initiation percentages attained by each of the witchweed population were on their respective hosts. This study suggests two levels of physiological specialization in witchweed in Sudan%253A intercrop specialization and intra-crop specialization. Moreover, two strains of witchweed are suggested, one specific to sorghum and the other, to millet. The existence of variability and host specificity within witchweed populations are suggested to be based almost entirely on differential response of Striga isolates to root exudates and root extracts from host
Genetic Distance of New Bulgarian Durum Wheat Varieties and Breeding Lines of FCI-Chirpan, Bulgaria
Get PDFThe durum wheat breeding program in Field crops institute FCI - Chirpan started in 1928. In the last ten years, a number of varieties have been created to meet modern cultural requirements. Genetic distance is of great importance for the success of the combining breeding. In the study are included 13 varieties created over the last 10 years and 8 of the Institute%252339%253Bs best advanced durum wheat breeding lines. The field experiment was conducted in experimental field of FCI-Chirpan during 2015-2017 year. A randomized block design in four replicated was used with a trial plot size of 15 m2. A standard farming technology for durum wheat in the country was applied. Tre traits%253A grain yield, plant height, heading date, test weight, 1000 kernel weight, protein content, wet gluten and vitreousness were observed.
The means of three-year trials for all studied traits were calculated and genetic differences between genotypes were found. The coefficients of variation (CV%25) obtained for the individual traits show that the heading date and grain yields are the most variable. The correlation analysis determines significant coeficients for 9 out of 28 possible combinations of traits. The multivariate methods for determining the genetic distance between the involved genotypes in the study were used. According to the dendrogram of the cluster analysis, the distances between the four main groups formed are determined. The applied graphical PC analysis shows the interrelations between the traits and the grouping of genotypes in terms of the genetic distance between them. These methods can help for faster breeding progress using the established genetic distance as the basis for deploying the breeding program
Incorporation of Sprouted Wheat Seeds as Functional Ingredient in a Mediterranean Breakfast Cereal Based Product, Bsissa%253A A Mixture Design Approach
Get PDFEvolution of life style markedly modified people%252339%253Bs eating habits. Fortunately, consumers are more aware by the importance of a healthy diet and are more demanding for functional foods. The Mediterranean Diet is a dietary pattern recognized by its positive health effect. However, this diet is disappearing in Mediterranean societies. The aim of this study was to promote a local Tunisian breakfast cereal product by improving its nutritional properties. The methodology consisted on using dried sprouted durum wheat seeds (Triticum durum) as a functional ingredient. The proportion to use without affecting Bsissa functional properties was defined by optimization of a mixture design where the used components were%253A wheat, dried sprouted wheat and chickpea. The selected responses were water and oil absorption capacity.
Based on a mathematical analysis, germinated dried wheat decreased water absorption capacity and had no effect on oil absorption capacity. The optimal formula was composed of%253A 17.2%25 wheat, 41.4%25 germinated dried wheat and 41.4%25 chickpea. With such composition an increase of %2B32%25 in total phenol content and %2B228.5%25 in reducing sugar were obtained. However no significant changes on protein content were seen. Interestingly, the use of dried sprouted wheat (not roasted) did not affect the consumers acceptance of Bsissa.
In conclusion, the use of dried sprouts successfully improved nutritional properties of Bsissa. The use of mixture design approach allowed attempting a balance between functional and nutritional properties
Evaluation of the Detoxification Potential of Micrococcus Strains and Plants for Bioremediate Organochlorine Herbicides
Get PDFThe objective of our study is to contribute towards the development of the phytoremediation method which is a method that attempts to clean the soil polluted with organochlorine herbicides with the combined application of specially chosen plants, such as alfalfa, maize and soybean with Micrococcus strains. The enzymes and genes involved in the process of bioremediation of various pesticides have also been discussed. Initial degradation of herbicides carried out by bacterial strains include formatin of dehalogenated products with easy plant uptake and undergo oxidative degradation through plant detoxification enzymes, such as cyctochrome P450, peroxidase, phenoloxidase and glutathion S-transferase. Subsequently, this method can finalise the mineralization and degradation of toxicants into nontoxic compounds. Our study presents the results of our model experiments of selected strains of genera Micrococcus and plant phytoremediators. According to the results of the phytoremediation studies, Micrococcus sp. DR44 and Micrococcus sp. HEXBA04 showed best removal performance with Oxadiazon herbicide as 84%25 and Micrococcus sp. Pv8 and Micrococcus sp. BP3_1A showed 71%25 removal performance on Quizalofop-p-ethyl with alfalfa with maize, while removal efficiency of Liuron was 77%25 in alfalfa with Micrococcus sp. NCTC2665. Our study shows that effectively using this newly developed technological approach results in a reduction of pollution in soil samples that have been artificially contaminated. Future perspectives of pesticides bioremediation has also been briefly articulated to make a realistic comment with an element of optimism for researchers working in this field
Investigation of the Anticancer and Proliferative Effect of Broccoli Extract on Du145 Prostate Cancer and MEF Healthy Fibroblast Cell Lines
Get PDFIn recent years, many researchers have focused on the health effects of plant-derived foods. In this context, foods with high content of flavonoids and phenolic substances have received a great deal of attention as potential agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Studies on the broccoli plant have revealed that broccoli has antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties. However, effective dose of broccoli needs to be determined for the cancer treatment. In this study, the effects of broccoli extracts on du145 prostate cancer and Mef fibroblast healthy cells were investigated at different doses for 48 hours.
Du145 and Mef cells were grown with Dulbecco%252339%253Bs Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM) and HAMS F 12 (1%253A 1) supplemented with 2%25 FBS. Broccoli extracts at ten different doses (0,19%25 - 100%25) were added into cultures and incubated at 37deg%253BC for 24 and 48 h in 5%25 CO2. The viability of the cells was determined by the MTT method (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). Probit analysis by SPSS software revealed that the broccoli extract at a dose of 4.070 %25 dose killed du145 cancer cells at 48 h. At the same time, MTT results showed that the viability of Mef cells was increased during 48 h of incubation.
As a result, broccoli extract showed a significant level of anticancer activity in Du145 cells, while increasing the viability of Mef healthy cells. This result suggests that broccoli extract is a potential candidate for cancer treatment
Relationship between Morphologic, Phenotypic and Pathogenic Characteristics in Macrophomina phaselina Isolates from Cucumber Plants
Get PDFDuring 2018 summer season, surveys were carried out in cucumber growing areas of Hatay province of Turkey. Roots and crowns of cucumber plants showing disease symptoms such as yellowing, wilting, root rot, damping-off and gumming were collected. A total of 25 Macrophomina phaseolina isolates were determined by morphologic characteristics on PDA medium. Colony sizes were measured after incubation for 3 days on PDA and colony diameters ranged from 45 to 81mm. A strong positive correlation was present between mycelial growth and disease severity (R%253D0,801). PDA medium amended with 120 mM potassium chlorate was used for phenotyping. Eight isolates were dense, 12 isolates feathery and 5 isolates were restricted. A high correlation was present between mycelial growth and disease severity (R%253D0.920). Sclerotia size of M. phaseolina isolates ranged from 19.1 to 29.9. In the pathogenicity test, cucumber seedlings were transplanted to plastic pots containing potting mixture of soil, perlite, peat (1%253A1%253A1) amended with 50g of M. phaseolina inoculum grown in cornmeal-sand mixture. Disease severity was measured with a 0-4 scale according to the symptoms on roots. Disease severity index was varied from 2 to 4 and virulence was significantly different (Plt%253B0.05) among isolates. Dense isolates were most virulent with the 3.75 mean disease scale followed by Feathery and Restricted phenotyped isolates with 3.17 and 2.27 respectively. According to the results of this study, a high correlation (R%253D0.92) was determined between chlorate phenotype and virulence in M. phaseolina isolates from cucumber plants in Turkey
Forage Yield and Quality Attributes of Berseem Clover Genotypes under Mediterranean Climate
Get PDFIt is quite significant to develop annual and high-yield forage legumes to be pure-sown or intercropped with graminae species in winter cropping systems of Mediterranean region. In this sense, berseem clover is considered as a significant species for Mediterranean region. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine yield and herbage quality attributes of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) genotypes in Çukurova region with dominant Mediterranean climate. Experiments were conducted over the experimental fields of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute (Doğankent%252FAdana) in winter intermediate cropping system (November-April) of 2010-11 and 2011-12 growing seasons. Experiments were carried out in randomized blocks design with 3 replications. In the first and second year of the experiments, green herbage (GH) yields varied respectively between 53.3-79.7 and between 22.7-32.3 t%252Fha%253B dry matter (DM) yields varied respectively between 7.26-12.02 and 5.16-7.42 t%252Fha%253B crude protein (CP) ratios varied respectively between 11.37-15.39 and between 15.22-18.88%25%253B digestible dry matter (DDM) ratios varied respectively between 61.10-68.08 and between 56.84-67.70%25, acid detergent fiber (ADF) ratios varied respectively between 27.22-41.45 and between 23.07-31.41%25%253B relative feed values (RFV) varied respectively between 99.3-155.0 and between 146.5-190.5. In both years, genotypes 3, 8, 15, 16, 17 and18 had greater DM yields than the standard cultivar and the other genotypes. These genotypes were also prominent w-for herbage quality attributes. Genotype 18 was registered under the name of DERYA in 2015 and the other promising genotypes are still being used in on-going breeding studies