The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Promising Use of Alpha-Spin(r) Nano Particles Bombardment for Selection of Useful Variations in Moringa Oleifera Seedlings in Nigeria
Get PDFThe germination and some morphological development parameters such as number of branches, plant height, number of leaves, stem girth and number of leaflets was observed for Moringa oleifera treated with alpha spin nanoparticles in Lafia, Nigeria. The treated seeds were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) after four levels of treatments at 10minutes, 20minutes, 30minutes, 40minutes and 60 minutes. These along with control treatments were replicated three times in the field and allowed to undergo normal cultural practices as at when due. Data was collected for germination, plant height, number of branches, total number of leaves, stem girth and number of leaflets. The data was analyzed statistically using GENSTAT statistical software and treatment means were separated by the least significant differences (LSD) at 5%25 probability from the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The effect of the treatments on germination at the level of 10 minutes and 15 minutes exposure was not significantly different from the control but there was observed difference when the exposure increased to 30 minutes and 1 hour. Similarly the other growth parameters responded to the treatments by showing a significant difference in the treatments at 30 minutes and 1 hour exposure to the treatments. These results are discussed with a view to obtaining genetically diverse and useful variants
Antimicrobial Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticles against Drug-Resistant Bacteria and Candida Albicans
Get PDFNanotechnology is expected to open new avenues to fight and prevent disease using atomic scale tailoring of materials. The metallic nanoparticles is the most promising nanomaterials with antibacterial properties and which exhibit increased chemical activity due to their large surface to volume ratios and crystallographic surface structure. This work focuses on the antibacterial activity of TiO2 against drug-resistant bacteria and Candida albicans. The antibacterial activity of TiO2 was evaluated using the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the dilution method on agar medium. The obtained results show a significant antibacterial activity on the strains tested%253A Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853%253A 0.5 mu%253Bg%252FmL, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213%253A 64 mu%253Bg%252FmL, Escherichia coli ATCC25922%253A 128 mu%253Bg%252FmL and Candida albicans 0.5 mu%253Bg%252FmL. The Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles appear to be attractive candidates of choice to be an effective alternative to antibiotics and pave the way for a promising new strategy antibacterial nanoscale
Possibilities for the Use of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) in Poultry Breeding as a Feed and Waste Utilization
Get PDFBlack soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens), may be a reliable source of animal protein, fats, calcium, lysine, etc. This makes it possible the products obtained by this insect to become substitutes (partly orentirely) of the soybean and fish meal. First of all, however, different issues should be solved to react on the future increase in the demands for such kind of products as feed. This means to dramatically change the technology of manufacturing and to introduce regulatory legislative frameworks in which this industry to be developed, guaranteeing its safety for the customers. This is necessary despite the fact that in BSF larvae such preconditions due to the biological and cycle characteristics are not observed, as naturally it excludes the transfer of pathogens from the bed because of the disconnection of the composted matter at the prepupae stage. This is a result of natural migration, during which the larvae are self-cleaning mechanically and chemically, while emptying their gastrointestinal tract.
Additional reliability is also assured by the fact that the adult insect does not feed, does not lay eggs directly in the compost and is not a carrier of infectious and parasitic diseases. Since it is a natural resident of the poultry manure, it can also be successfully used for its processing, on the one hand reducing the volume, and on the other decreasing the concentration of the pathogenic microflora in it, which naturally leads to its decontamination.
In terms of origin, some drawbacks have also been identified, however, the effect of which can easily be neutralized by developing the systems used and regulating the composition of the food substrate
Study of Elements of Productivity and Determine the Correlation Relationships between Them in Common Winter Wheat Varieties with Origin from Belarus
Get PDFThe survey was conducted during the period 2015-2017 in the experimental field of IPGR Sadovo. The elements of productivity of 29 common winter wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) with origin from Belarus and two Bulgarian varieties ndash%253B Sadovo 1 and Enola were studied. The coefficient of variation has been calculated and the correlation dependencies between the elements of productivity are determined. The influence of factors genotype, environment and their interaction on the studied features is assessed. A low variation in the trait was recorded in the number of spikelets per spike, spike length and number of grains per spike. With high variation is characterized the number of grains per other spikes. The strongest correlation dependence is observed between features grain number per plant with grain number per other spikes, followed by the grain weight per plant with grain weight per other spikes. The plant height is in negative correlation with all studied elements of productivity. The factor genotype has the greatest influence on the plant height and the cultivation conditions have a leading role in the productive tillering
Managing the Menace of Late Blight Disease of Potato Using Field Resistance in Jos Plateau, Nigeria
Get PDFLate blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive of all potato diseases and is recorded as responsible for the famous global famine in the middle of the 19th century in Ireland. It affects leaves, stems and tubers in the field and can absolutely destroy the crop producing up to 100%25 crop loss. Jos Plateau is noted for favourable cultivation of potato which is an economic crop grown in over 250,000 hectares of land area annually. However, this prospect is hindered by the ravaging late blight which has led to colossal losses in the past three years. Reports from current production suggests great loss has already been recorded this year%253B so far about 30%25 of the total harvest is lost due to the severity of the disease. Though farmers attempt to control late blight by spraying fungicides, the use of resistant varieties in combination with other control measures such as proper cultural management and growing potato outside the blight danger period is still the best approach and feasible to small scale farmers. A research was carried out in Kuru (a location in Jos-Plateau well noted for late blight attacks). Sixteen (16) advance varieties and clones from CIP were used to screen for their resistanc
Anatomical Study of Garden Nasturtium (Tropaeolum Majus L.) Growing under the Climatic Conditions of Annaba (Eastern Algeria)
Get PDFTropaeolummajusL. (garden nasturtium) is a fast growing climbing annual plant characterized by its leaf venation. It is known for its medicinal, ornamental and culinary utility. The aim of this work was to study the anatomy of the garden nasturtium growing under the climatic conditions of Annaba (eastern Algeria). Garden nasturtium stem, petiole, leaf and root were harvested during the month of November (2016). Microscopic observation of the different organs revealed that the anatomy of this plant contains much more hydrophilic cellulosic tissues (parenchyma and collenchymas) than hydrophobic lignified tissues. We can deduce that garden nasturtium requires a high humidity which explains the great growth of this species under the climatic conditions of the region of Annaba, characterized by Mediterranean climate (high rainfall, high atmospheric humidity and mild temperature)
Allelopathic Effects of Jimsonweed (Datua Stramonium L.) Seed on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Some Leguminous Crops
Get PDFLaboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Sudan in season 2014%252F15. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of Jimsonweed (Datua stramonium L.) seed on seed germination of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cowpea (Vigna sinensis [L.] Walp.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Six concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%25) of the aqueous extract were prepared from the stock solution. Treatments, for each crop, were arranged in completely randomized design with four replicates. The seeds were examined for germination at three days after initial germination. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the allelopathic effect of Jimsonweed seed powder on seedling growth of the same crops. Seed powder was incorporated into the soil at rate of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%25 on w%252Fw biases in pots. Treatments, for each crop, were arranged in completely randomized design with four replicates. Experiments were terminated at 30 days after sowing and plant height, number of leaves and root length of crop seedlings were measured as well as plant fresh and dry weight. Data were collected and subjected to analysis of variance procedure. Means were separated for significance using Duncan`s Multiple Range Test at p pound%253B 0.5. The results showed that the aqueous extract of Jimsonweed significantly reduced seed germination of the tested leguminous crops and there was direct negative relationship between concentration seed germination. Also, the results showed that incorporating seed powder into the soil significantly decreased plant height, root length of crop seedlings as well as seedling fresh and dry weight. In addition, the reduction in seedling growth was increased as seed powder increased in the soil. However, the number leaves did not affected. It concludes that Jimsonweed has allelopathic affects on seed germination and seedling growth of the leguminous crops
Occurrence and Relative Prevalence of Fungal Pathogens on Durum Wheat
Get PDFAn assessment of six Bulgarian and six foreign varieties of durum wheat was carried out for the occurrence of foliar diseases caused by fungal pathogens on a natural background. Field experiments were performed at two locations (Chirpan and Sofia) situated in different climatic zones of Bulgaria for six successive growing seasons (2012 ndash%253B 2017) with exception of 2015 in Chirpan. The results of this research showed that the population of foliar pathogens of durum wheat was heterogeneous and included 13 fungal species. Some differences in symptom severity and relative proportion of the pathogens among varieties and years and between locations were found. Of the leaf spotting fungi, the causal agent of tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) was the most prevalent in both prospected areas. The fungi belonging to Septoria leaf blotch complex (Parastagonospora avenae f. sp. triticea, Pa. nodorum and Zymoseptoria tritici) and newly found species Phaeophleospora sp. were more frequently isolated from leaf samples taken in Sofia location. Monographella nivalis and Cladosporium herbarum had contribution to the leaf spotting in both surveyed locations in some of the studied years. Cochliobolus sativus occurred only occasionally. Of the three rust fungi, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. striiformis was the predominant species. The first record of yellow rust was made in 2013. It was the most common disease in both localities in 2014 and 2016 due to warmer winters, which favored the survival of YR. The race analysis performed in Global Rust Reference Center revealed the appearance and distribution of a new race (Warrior) in Bulgaria. The weather conditions were exceptionally favourable for the development of certain diseases in some years. In this relation the influence of some elements of the climate on the pathogen prevalence was discussed. Except the weather other factors like cultivar characteristics, inoculum level, soil type, and predecessor played a role in changing spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi. In common the level of fungal diseases in Sofia region was higher compared to Chirpan. The studied varieties differed in their susceptibility to fungal diseases
New Common Winter Wheat Lines with Resistance to Leaf Rust (P. triticina)
Get PDFWheat is the most important cereal crop in global agricultural economy and is cultivated in diverse agroclimatic regions of the world. Breeding for disease resistance is the most economically and environmentally safe method to reduce crop losses. The long term success of breeding for disease resistance depends on the nature of the pathogen and the virulence spectra in the pathogen population, the availability, diversity and type of genetic resistance in the host and the methodology for screening and selection for resistance.
During 2013-2015, under conditions of an infection field at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute - General Toshevo, Bulgaria, 680 common winter wheat lines were tested to a population of races of leaf rust P. triticina.Forty - two of the lines, which exhibited resistance under field conditions, were tested to 9 pathotypes of the pathogen at seedling stage under controlled conditions. Some of the tested lines carried adult plant resistance (APR), while others had combination of race specific and race nonspecific resistance.
The combination of various mechanisms of resistance is of great importance for the durability of resistance. In this relation, the investigated 42 lines can be considered efficient sources of resistance which can be used in the breeding programs
Assessment of Initial Material of Vetches in Productive and Adaptive Ability
Get PDFEight winter vetch varieties (BGE004222, BGE001847, BGE000637, BGE001076, BGE000639, BGE000643, BGE001383 and Asko 1) were assessed by plant height, fresh leaf weight, fresh stem weight and nodule number per plant in field trial in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria. The varieties are characterised by low general adaptive ability and average specific adaptive ability on the investigated signs. With the highest general adaptive ability by fresh leaf weight is distinguished BGE000643, by number of nodules per plant BGE004222 and BGE001383, and by plant height - BGE001847 and BGE000637, respectively. By the complex indicator selection value of the genotype, taking into account the general adaptive ability and stability, the signs fresh leaf weight and fresh stem weight the best was found BGE001383 variety. According to the number of nodules per plant and the indicators of adaptability and stability, the interest represents the variety BGE004222. Based on the aggregate assessment of the varieties, which is based on the average height of the plant and the parameters of adaptability, the most valuable were the varieties BGE001847 and BGE001076. A positive correlation was established between fresh leaf weight and%253A the specific adaptive ability (r %253D 0.568), the general adaptive ability (r %253D 0.099) and the indicator of the stability level of the variety (r %253D 0.544)%253B and between the number of nodules with the coefficient of linear regression (r %253D 0.115) and with homeostaticity (r %253D 0.116)