The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
Not a member yet
351 research outputs found
Sort by
In Vitro Plant Tissue Culture%253A Means for Production ofPassiflora Species
No full textPassiflora genus includes over 600 species native to tropical and subtropical areas of America, appreciated for the production of fruit and medicinal value. Their ornamental potential is especially appreciated in North America and in Europe. With the expansion of the flower trade and the use of secondary metabolites in the pharmaceutical industry, a need for the constant monopolization of new technologies and alternative in vitro techniques that allow to obtain a uniform, high quality material free of pests and diseases occurs. Passifloras tissue cultures began to be studied in 1966, raising more and more interest of researchers worldwide. Depending on the source and type of the explant, plant growth regulators, and the used genotype, direct and indirect organogenesis are the main regeneration pathways for Passiflora. The latest approaches regarding the choice of explant and its source, the plant material surface sterilization and the specific requirements of each micropropagation stage are presented within our review. To this genus, the reduced gas exchange of in vitro growing of seedlings has been shown as the main cause of lack of success. In this regard, for regeneration and obtained improvements in morphogenesis, different protocols have been developed by using inhibitors of ethylene. In recent years, studies suggest that via somatic embryogenesis, starting from mature and immature zygotic embryos, regenerated plants that have maintained their mother plant ploidy can be successfully obtained. This confirms the callus cultures as main path to obtain in vitro regenerated Passiflora plants
Estimation of Gene Action, Heritability and Pattern of Association among Different Yield Related Traits in Upland Cotton
Get PDFA random mating design comprising 6 varieties (FH-142, MS-DK, IUB-63, KZ-189, FB-3159, and VH-300) and F1 crosses was used to check gene action for yield contributing traits in upland cotton. Heritability and correlation were calculated from F3 populations of the cross CRS-456times%253BJumbo okra. The randomized complete block design was used in both experiments with three replication at the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2015-2017. In both experiments, analysis of variance indicated significant variation present among the accessions of the upland cotton for all the traits (plant height, sympodial and monopodial branches, nodes number of 1st sympodial branch, height of 1st sympodial branch, bolls per plant, boll weight, lint weight, seed cotton yield, seed index, lint percentage, lint index, seeds per boll, fiber fineness, fiber strength, fiber length and fiber uniformity) under study. Mean values of all genotypes were significantly different from each other for all the traits studied. All the parameters manifested positive correlation with seed cotton yield except plant height, monopodia per plant, nodes number of 1st sympodia, height of 1st sympodia, bolls per plant, seed index and lint index. The inheritance of all the traits in F1 crosses was generally controlled by overdominance gene action except monopodial branches, nodes number of 1st sympodial branch, height of 1st sympodial branches, boll weight, fiber length and fiber uniformity that were partially controlled under additive gene action. Epistasis was not found to be involved in any of the traits. Estimation of broad sense heritability (h2 b. s) in F3 populations were high (60-97%25) for all the traits under study. Results suggested form heritability and correlation that these traits can be improved either through appropriate selection method or hybrid breeding programme
Cuttings Viability after Treatment of the Mother Vineyard with Herbicides
Get PDFDuring the period 2014ndash%253B2016 at the Institute of Viticulture and Enology a trial was carried out to study the impact of the herbicides Gardoprim plus Gold (312.5 g%252Fl s-metolachlor %2B 187.5 g%252Fl terbuthylazine), Lumax 538 SC (375 g%252Fl s-metolachlor %2B 125 g%252Fl terbuthylazine %2B 337.5 g%252Fl mesotrione) and Wing P (pendimethalin 250 g%252Fl %2B dimethenamid P 212.5 g%252Fl) on the yield of high-quality cuttings for production of vine propagation material. The treatments in the mother vineyard of Cabernet Sauvignon variety (clone D-1) were performed in the spring before the buds germination. The obtained cuttings were grafted in 2015, 2016 and 2017 on Berlandieri X Riparia SO4 rootstock. After the stratification, the grafted cuttings were planted in the nursery and their vegetative manifestations were monitored.
The cuttings from the herbicide-treated variants showed viability similar to the control, and their buds germinated with the same intensity. The yield of rooted vines did not differ significantly from the cuttings grown without herbicides, as the highest rate of standard propagation material was obtained with Gardoprim plus Gold (55.45%25). The vine biometric indicators exceeded those of the control variant. The application of the herbicides Gardoprim plus Gold, Lumax 538 SC and Wing P for keeping the soil surface free from weeds did no
Effects of Starter Culture Combination on the Characteristic of White Cheese
Get PDFIn this study, the effects of using mesophilic and thermophilic cheese cultures at different ratios on White cheese yield, physico-chemical, textural, sensory and microbiological properties were investigated. Yeast, mold, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus counts were determined. In sample with high ratio of thermophilic culture, there was slightly increase in fat, salt, fat and salt in dry matter content. All textural parameters were found significantly different. The number of Enterobacter spp. was found lower in cheese with high ratio of thermophilic culture, while the number of yeast was high. As a result, it has been observed that starter culture ratios, which contain different bacterial strains, can affect the technological and functional properties of freshly consumed cheese
Biochemical Composition of Root Mass of Healthy and Damaged by the Larva of Plagionotus floralisPall. (Coleoptera%253A Cerambycidae) Alfalfa (Medicagosativa L.) Plants
Get PDFAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a preferred host for a large number of arthropods. The large diversity of harmful entomofauna is a serious difficulty in its cultivation. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of damages caused by the larvae of alfalfa longhorn beetle (Plagionotus floralis Pall.) on the biochemical composition of the roots of alfalfa plants of different variety and age. Standard methods were used to carry out the field experiments in order to define the damages and the laboratory biochemical analyzes. It was found that significant changes in the composition of important organic compounds and chemical elements occurred in the root mass of the damaged plants during the years. In the roots of the damaged plants, the composition of water-soluble sugars and saponins decreased the amount of raw protein, raw fibers, phenols and calcium increased, whereas difference was not found in dry matter, phosphorus and magnesium content, compared to healthy plants
Paddy Rice Yield, Milling Fractions and white Rice Yield of Efe, Hamzadere, Çakmak and Tunca Rice Varieties in the Rice producing Conditions of North Macedonia
Get PDFThe paddy rice yield, milling fractions (head rice yield, brokens, bran and hulls) and white rice yield were examined in the newly introduced Turkish varieties%253A Efe, Hamzadere, Çakmak and Tunca grown under typical rice producing conditions of North Macedonia during 2013 and 2014, compared to standard varietySan Andrea. The field trials were set up in randomized complete block design. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD test. The new varieties showed higher paddy rice yield in both years, with average values ranging from 9365.39 kg%252Fha in Efe to 10704.02 kg%252Fha in Tunca compared to San Andrea (8784.40 kg%252Fha). San Andrea was characterized with the highest fluctuation in head rice yield and the lowest average (38.30 %25). All Turkish varieties showed more stable and higher average head rice yield. Efe had the highest value by year and the highest average (56.15 %25). The white rice yield in the new varieties was higher in both years, with average values of 4420.66 kg%252Fha in Hamzadere to 5351.65 kg%252Fha in Tunca, compared to San Andrea, where the lowest average of 3276.12 kg%252Fha and the highest fluctuation was obtained. Significant differences for the paddy and white rice yield and the head rice yield were obtained in both years. The new varieties showed promising results regarding the head rice yield and white rice yield, which is problematic and unstable in the prevalent rice varieties in the rice production of North Macedonia
Morphological and productive Properties of Efe, Hamzadere, Çakmak and Tunca Rice Varieties in the Rice producing Conditions of North Macedonia
Get PDFThe number of days to flowering and growth stages, plant and stem height, panicle length, number of panicles%252F m2 , 1000 grains weight of paddy and biomass yield at harvest (straw %2B paddy rice) were examined in the newly introduced Turkish rice varieties Efe, Hamzadere, Çakmak and Tunca. The new varieties were grown under typical rice producing conditions in the Kocani rice producing region of North Macedonia during 2013 and 2014, in field trials set up in randomized complete block design, compared to standard varietySan Andrea. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD test. The studied varieties in both seasons showed shorter average period from seeding to flowering (89 to 93 days across varieties) compared to San Andrea (99.5 days), as well as faster development thru the rice growth phases. The Turkish varieties had a significantly shorter plant (90.75 cm to 94.54 cm) and stem (77.00 cm to 86.53 cm) compared to San Andrea (114.50 cm and 99.63 cm). The number of panicles per m2 varied between the two years, with average values from 526.17 in Efe to 647.17 in Tunca. The 1000 grains weight of paddy ranged from 29.03 g in Çakmak to 33.47 in Hamzadere. San Andrea had significantly higher 1000 grains weight, with average value of 37.88 g. The biomass (straw%2B paddy) in all varieties was higher in the first year compared to the second. The average values ranged from 28608.34 kg%252Fha in Efe to 33850.00 kg%252Fha in Çakmak. The studied Turkish rice cultivars generally showed better results for the examined characteristics than the standard San Andrea (shorter vegetative stage, faster development and maturation, lower plant height, more stable biological yield) and as such are potentially suitable for cultivation in the rice producing conditions of North Macedonia
Biochemical, Molecular and Morpho-Physiological Attributes of Wheat to Upgrade Grain Production and Compete with Water Stress
Get PDFEnhancing grain quality and quantity is going very perilous with the incessant climate changes and rising population. Under these circumstances, to review the current strategies and researches regarding biochemical, physiological, morphological and molecular perspectives gain more consideration. Hence, its important to have know-how related to this in different parts of the world to utilize possible stratagems to increase our current production. Wheat is one of this foremost considerable crop as it is food of 21%25 of the world population and 77%25 developing countries import and consume wheat annually. Wheat is primarily important in Pakistan as it is staple food but adversely affected because of water and heat stresses. By using the information and approaches of expertise, we can achieve our objectives of high yield and admirable quality. In most of countries, yield is less than the actual potential yield, this can be overcome by utilizing appropriate resources and proper techniques. Advance knowledge and extrapolative capabilities can help us to find out best possible tools to contribute in world food security and to withstand changing climatic conditions
Evaluation of Cold Pressed Walnut Oil (Junglas Regia) Adulteration with Refined Sunflower Oil Using Differential Scanning Calaorimetry Technique
Get PDFThis paper presents the potential of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method to be applied in adulteration of cold pressed walnut oil (Junglas Regia). Two brands of cold pressed walnut oil were adulterated with 5%25 and 10%25 of refined sunflower oil. Thermal curves profile of oil samples was correlated with the level of oils oxidation determined by OxiTest and the lipids profile was determined by gas-chromatography%252Fmass spectrometry (GC%252FMS). An increase in the lipid oxidation values was recorded for one brand of cold pressed walnut oil. Based on the lipid profile analysis, differences between samples were observed regarding the linolenic acid which was reduced by 0.1-0.4%25 in cold pressed walnut oil adulterated with 5%25 refined sunflower oil and 1.1%25 in the samples adulterated a percentage of 10%25. A clear differentiation between samples was found on the thermal crystallization curves where in 2 temperatures area (-17deg%253BC _ -20deg%253BC and -37deg%253BC_ -48deg%253BC), the thermal energy transferred indicated different degrees of freedom of the TAGs compositions. Also, it was observed that a temperature area (-52deg%253BC_-59deg%253BC) where the crystallization temperature (Tc) of the dilutions is very close to the Tc of the adulterated oil. The DSC method used in this study highlighted the adulteration of cold pressed walnut oil on the crystallization thermal curves
Allelopathic Effects of Pigweed (Amaranthus viridis L.) on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of some Leguminous Crops
Get PDFLaboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Sudan in season 2014%252F15. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of aboveground parts of pigweed (Amaranthus viridis L.) on seed germination of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cowpea (Vigna sinensis [L.] Walp.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Six concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%25) of the aqueous extract of aboveground parts were prepared from the stock solution (50 g %252F l). Treatments, for each crop, were arranged in completely randomized design with four replicates. The seeds were examined for germination at three days after initial germination. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the allelopathic effects of powder of aboveground parts of pigweed on seedling growth of the same crops. Powder of aboveground parts was incorporated into the soil at rate of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%25 on w%252Fw bases in pots. Treatments, for each crop, were arranged in completely randomized design with four replicates. Experiments were terminated at 30 days after sowing and plant height, number of leaves and root length of crop seedlings were measured as well as plant fresh and dry weight. Data were collected and subjected to analysis of variance procedure. Means were separated for significance using Duncan`s Multiple Range Test at p 0.05. The results showed that the aqueous extract of aboveground parts of pigweed significantly reduced seed germination of the tested leguminous crops and there was direct negative relationship between concentration seed germination. Also, the results showed that incorporating powder of aboveground parts into the soil significantly decreased plant height and root length of crop seedlings as well as seedling fresh and dry weight. In addition, the reduction in seedling growth was increased as the powder increased in the soil. Based on results supported by different studies, it was concluded that pigweed has allelopathic affects on seed germination and seedling growth of the leguminous crops