The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Impact of Vermicompost to Dent Corn (Zea mays L. indentata)
Get PDFCorn is the most cultivated cereal plant in the world after wheat and rice. Grain yield of corn depends of genetic factors but the application of various nutrients to the soil is also effective for increasing yield. Vermicompost is used for increasing grain yield at the some plants recently. Worm fertilizer which is known as vermicompost is an organic fertilizer which fertilizer is digested by worms and converted into fertilizer. Vermicompost includes all enzymes, soil antibiotics, vitamins, growth hormones and humic substances for plant growth. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of various levels of vermicompost on the yield and some characteristics of corn plant. The study was conducted in 2017 growing season of Harran Plain second crop conditions. In the study, DKC-6120 corn variety was used as plant material. Different levels of vermicompost were applied as a supplementary to standard inorganic fertilizer. Vermicompost dosages were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg da-1. The research was conducted according to the randomized complete block design with three replicates. Row spaces were 70 cm and intra row space was 20 cm. Seeds sown in 2-4 cm depth. Each parcel was built from 14 m2. In the study, hectoliter weight, ear weight, ear diameter, ear length, grain numbers of ear and grain yield values were determined. The highest hectoliter weight (80.37 g), ear weight (302.67 g), ear length (23.33 cm), grain number of ear (802.47 number) and grain yield (976.67 kg da-1) values were obtained from 200 kg da-1 vermicompost applications while the lowest values were seen at control parcels (77.87 g, 260 g, 21.79 cm, 710.27 number, and 895.24 kg da-1, respectively). Variance analysis was made with obtained data and the differences between the averages were compared according to the LSD test
Analysis of Relationships among Quantitative Traits in Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.) Accessions
Get PDFWith an aim to establish phenotypic and genotypic correlations among main quantitative traits in broad bean accessions, a field experiment was conducted at the Institute of Forage Crops (Pleven, Bulgaria) during the period 2016-2018. Objects of the study were 17 accessions of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) originating in Spain, Portugal and Bulgaria. Plants were grown under organic farming conditions. The results of the conducted study showed that the phenotypic relationships between the quantitative traits of broad bean were slightly lower than the values of the genetic correlation coefficients. With significant medium to strong dependencies were distinguished the phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients between plant height and 1st pod height (r %253D 0.539, r %253D 0.655, r %253D 0.873, r %253D 0.530, r %253D 0.658, r %253D 0.878), and between 100 seeds mass and pod width (r %253D 0.644, r %253D 0.776, r %253D 0.751, r %253D 0.654, r %253D 0.781, r %253D 0.758). Phenotypic and genotypic manifestations of the studied quantitative traits were differently expressed depending on the environmental conditions. Under unfavorable conditions, some of the correlations changed their direction and value of the coefficient. The traits of 100 seeds mass (0.482) and pods number per plant (0.340) had a maximum positive direct effect on seed productivity. With the highest total effect was characterized the mass of 100 seeds (0.574), pod length (0.568) and plant height (0.411). The traits of pod length, seeds number per plant and 100 seeds mass were in positive regression dependence with seed productivity in broad bean
Rabbit Meat Commercialization%253A Particularities and Constraints in the Region of Tizi-Ouzou (Algeria)
Get PDFThis paper investigates the marketing and channels of sale of rabbit production in Tizi-Ouzou area (Algeria). Data collected by questionnaire were subjected to descriptive and principal component analysis. 240 to 12 800 rabbits were sold alive%252Fbreed%252Fyear, either an average of 1342 rabbits sold%252Fbreed%252Fyear. Half of rabbit farmers sell their rabbits to slaughter houses or to wholesalers. 19%25 sell them to hotels and restaurants while 18%25 to butchers and 13.5%25 directly to the consumer. The sale price of alive rabbits (2.45 plusmn%253B 0.13 Kg) depending of marketing circuit, he is of 360 and 400 AD%252FKg (2.70 euro%253B and 3.00 euro%253B%252FKg) for wholesale%253B and between 500 and 550 AD%252FKg (3.75euro%253B and 4.12 euro%253B%252FKg) for retail. This difference in selling prices led rabbit breeders to choose the direct sales channel rather than selling to an intermediary. The marketing circuit of this product is disorganized, result of several problems such as the too low selling prices, high transport costs, late payments and low demand for the product
Peculiarities in the Structure of Yield in Common Wheat Accessions from Different Ecological and Geographic Origin
Get PDFDobrudzha Agricultural Institute (DAI) is the largest breeding center for cereals in Bulgaria. Among the varieties developed here, 36 genotypes were included in the national list, a large part of them being strong and medium strong wheat cultivars with increased strength. It is a disputable question if a plateau has been reached in the breeding of wheat and what are the further methods for increasing of the production potential. Until recently, the increasing of the spike productivity lay at the basis of the breeding strategy, primarily through a higher number of florets and grains formed per spikelet at the expense of a lower number of productive tillers. The contemporary high level of breeding and the market requirements impose the necessity to search for new approaches to increase productivity.
The aim of the investigation was to characterize the structure of the yield in new common winter wheat accessions included in the gene pool of DAI. The investigation was carried out during 2015 ndash%253B 2019 and encompassed four growth seasons with different combinations of meteorological factors allowing for good differentiation. The trial was designed in two replicates, the size of the harvest plot being 10 m2. Sixty-six accessions from different ecological and geographic origin and with specific combination of the economically important traits were evaluated. The cultivars from France were with the highest coefficient of tillering, followed by the cultivars from Croatia and Germany. The variability with regard to 1000 kernel weight was considerable. The Bulgarian and Serbian accessions were with the highest absolute weight, and the French ones ndash%253B with the lowest. The differences with regard to the number of grains in spike were significant at a high level, but in the separate group, Athlon (DE), Moison (F), Fani (BG), Fidelius (AT), Iveta (BG) Korona (BG) and Simonida (RS) were with high values of the trait. Within the period, the Bulgarian cultivars, which realized highest yield, were Rada and Dragana, and among the European ones, these were Andalou, Basmati, NS 407 and Sofru
Agronomical and Physiological Behavior of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Genotypes Under Semi-Arid Conditions
Get PDFIn the semi-arid high plains of Algeria, water stress is one of the most significant factors restricting wheat production. This study aims at analyzing water stress effect on durum wheat behavior with a particular focus on relationships between some agronomical and physiological traits. Ten genotypes were tested under rain-fed and full-irrigated conditions in semi-arid climate of Eastern Algeria. The experiment was led down in a randomized complete block design at the experimental field of Natural and Life Sciences Faculty of Sétif1 University. Yield and its components, leaf relative water content, leaf specific weight, grain-filling rate and duration and leaf chlorophyll content were measured. Significant genotypic and environmental variations were observed for major measured traits. Water stress significantly decreased the potential yield by 28%25. A significant and strong correlation was observed between agronomical and physiological characteristics. In both stress and non stress conditions, grain yield was positively and significantly associated with%253A Chlorophyll content (r %253D 0.893), relative water content (r %253D 0.956) and grain filling duration (r %253D 0.853). Wheat productivity was highly associated with high photosynthetic activities, good water status and long grain filling duration. This finding suggests using these traits as tools for screening durum wheat tolerance to water stress
Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum Biomass as an Alternative Livestock Feed
Get PDFIn case of using sorghum biomass as a source of feed, quality attributes of different forms of the biomass should be known. This study was conducted to determine quality attributes of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) biomass in different forms. Six different sweet sorghum varieties (M81-E, Ramada, Roma, Topper 76, UNL Hybrid and No 91) were used in different forms. Quality attributes of sweet sorghum herbage before silage (SSH), whole plant silage (WPS) and sap-extracted bagasse silage (SES) were determined. Harvests were performed at milk-dough stage of the plants.While green herbage had greater crude protein ratios, whole plant silages had greater values for the other quality attributes. The sap-extracted bagasse silage had a mean RFV of over 111 indicating a high quality feed. As compared to other varieties, Topper 76 and Ramada varieties had greater values for quality attributes of sweet sorghums
Evaluation of Winter Vetch Varieties by Quality Indicators
Get PDFBiochemical assessment of the aboveground biomass of 8 winter vetch (Vicia villosa) varieties was performed in two stages of plant development - beginning of flowering and technical maturity of seeds. Field trial was carried out in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria (2014-2016). The variability in crude protein (CP) content (5.55 - 6.12%25), calcium (8.17 - 9.87) and phosphorus (5.34 - 6.74%25) in both phenological stages was weak. The variation of crude fiber (CF) content (6.02 - 11.08%25) and crude ash (CA) (7.42 - 10.88%25) was found stronger. At the beginning of flowering with a higher crude protein content Asko 1 (21.78%25) and BGE001076 (21.53%25), phosphorus content BGE001076 (0.48%25), BGE004222 and BGE000643 (0.47%25) were distinguished. In the technical maturity stage with a high crude protein content BGE004222 (20.51%25) and BGE001847 (20.07%25) are characterized and with phosphorus BGE004222 (0.38%25). Positive statistically significant relationship was found between the grain yield and crude protein content (r %253D 0.58)
Composition and Distribution of Aquatic Weeds in some Minor Canals, Gezira Scheme, Sudan (2018)
Get PDFExcessive growth of aquatic weeds in irrigation systems is a worldwide problem. In Sudan, many irrigation schemes have been greatly affected by aquatic weeds such as Gezira scheme. The objective of the study was to evaluate the community composition and distribution of aquatic weeds in some minor canals in the Gezira scheme in 2018. The study area covered six minor canals at Centre Group at Gezira Scheme. Each minor canal was divided into three sections%253B head, middle and tail (18 sampling sites). The sites were surveyed once in every month for a period of three months during summer and winter seasons. The community composition of aquatic weeds was detected by visual observation, whereas the distribution of aquatic weeds was determined by calculation of percentage of relative frequency. Data were subjected to descriptive analysis and to analysis of variance. The results indicated that the community composition in the six minor canals consists of four groups of aquatic weeds as follows%253B floating, emergent, submergent and bank aquatic weeds and consisted of 12 species belonging to nine families. Results showed considerable differences in distribution throughout the year. The most dominant species within the groups were%253B Vossia cuspidata (33%25 - 41%25) within the group of floating weeds, Cyperus alopecuroides (87%25 - 55%25) within the group of emergent weeds and Cynodon dactylon (75%25 - 83%25) within the group of bank aquatic weeds during both summer and winter seasons. Submergent weeds present only in winter season in one species Najas pectinata. Also, results of relative frequency within all aquatic species showed that Vossia cuspidata and Cynodon dactylon were the most dominant species. These finding gives many insights about the problems of aquatic weeds in minor canals and would be useful in the management and control of aquatic weeds
High Yielding Triticale Lines With High Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Stem Rust
Get PDFHigher attacks by some fungal diseases are observed in triticale in the recent years. Together with yellow and brown rust, powdery mildew and stem rust are main economically important diseases on triticale. The breeding for resistant cultivars is economically the most efficient and environmentally friendly method for disease control. During 2015 ndash%253B 2016, 43 triticale lines were selected, which had shown resistance to the causative agents of powdery mildew (Blumeri graminis f.sp. tritici %253D Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici) and stem rust Puccinia graminis. f.sp. tritici, and which possessed very good economic parameters. The investigation was carried out in an artificial infection field at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute. The lines were divided into two groups according to their resistance to the studied pathogens and their productivity. All lines were analyzed for production potential. Triticale lines 102%252F99-212, 211%252F05-107, 63%252F08-89, 218%252F08-97 and 93%252F08-87 demonstrated full resistance to the causative agents of powdery mildew and stem rust and possessed productivity exceeding the used standard with over 20 %25. Lines 63%252F08-86, 63%252F01-293, 63%252F08-83, 100%252F08-93, 218%252F08-81, 100%252F08-87, 11%252F07-95, 195%252F05-120, 113%252F07-86, 111%252F07-102, 93%252F08-89, 63%252F08-88, 63%252F08-79, 157т%252F9-4, 196%252F06-135, 195%252F05-148 combined high productivity with full resistance to powdery mildew and good resistance to stem rust
Investigation of Ustilago maydis Infection on Some Physiological Parameters and Phenotypic Traits of Maize
Get PDFOne of the most dangerous diseases of corn is Ustilago maydis DC. Corda, which damages the maize yield every year. It is difficult to protect against the corn smut infection because the efficiency of fungicide treatment is inadequate. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of corn smut infection on some physiological and morphological parameters of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Armagnac). Furthermore, the aim of this research was to examine the possible compensation effects of gibberellin (GA3) and ethylene (as ethrel) separately, and in combination on the corn smut infection. The plants were grown in a greenhouse, they were infected and treated in the five leaf phenological phase with two ml of sporidium suspension (10,000 sporidium%252Fml), injected into the stem. At the same time, one ml of gibberellin, ethylene and the combination of the two hormones were injected. The relative chlorophyll content, stem diameter and plant height were measured in the fourth and fifth leaves of plants, 7, 11 and 14 days after the infection (DAI). The photosynthetic pigments were determined from the fourth leaf, and the rate of lipid peroxidation was measured from the fifth leaves, 14 DAI.
The corn smut infection significantly reduced the relative-chlorophyll content 14 DAI compared to the control. The gibberellin reduced the harmful effects of the pathogen. No significant difference was recorded in case of stem diameter. The infected plants were shorter than the control plants when treated with ethylene.
The effect of corn smut infection was more pronounced in the terms of photosynthetic pigments and the rate of lipid peroxidation. Ethylene treatment increased while gibberellin treatment reduced the impact of the infection.
In this research, the corn smut infection and hormone treatments had larger impact on measured physiological parameters than on morphological parameters