The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Ipard Supported Beekeeping Businesses%252339%253B Socio-economical Structure and Problems%253A A Case Study of Van
No full textIn this study, IPARD (Instrument for Precession on Agricultural and Rural Development) promoted businesses are examined in Van province based on investments on agricultural businesses to restructure and upgrade to community standards. The aim of this study is to determine not only whether IPARD programme has led the businesses modernization or improved the number of the enterprises but also defining the problems by examining the business managers socioeconomically statuses and therefore suggesting solutions, in Van Province, holds an important place in honey production throughout Turkey. The study was conducted on full count method of 94 businesses through filled questionnaires based on 2016s production data. The mean age of the business managers is 36,4 and men%252Fwomen percentage is 79%25 to 21 %25 respectively.43%25 of the managers are found to live on by just beekeeping, while 57%25 has off-farm income. Examined businesses owners questionnaires showed 71%25 are pleased to do beekeeping and the rest not.Government supported businesses percentage is 19, while 89%25 is not supported by the government. When the educational level is examined 69%25 of the businesses had had some education about beekeeping, while 31%25 had not had any
Effect of Storm Fertilizer on Germination and Seedling Vigor in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Get PDFThe effect of Storm (fertilizer with 3%25 growth regulators from Sargassum and A. nodosum algae and 6%25 organic N) on germination parameters and seedling vigor in rice was examined in seed from San Andrea cultivar produced in 2017 and 2018, treated with three concentrations%253A 0.1%25, 0.5%25 and 2.5%25 against a control (no fertilizer added). Germination energy, total germination, germination speed, seedling (root, shoot and total) length and dry weight and vigor indexes (I and II) were examined. The results were statistically evaluated by two-way ANOVA and LSD test. The total germination (94.38%25 to 96.75%25) was not affected by the treatments, while the germination energy and the germination speed were significantly negatively affected by the 2.5%25 treatment- 83.00%25 and 21.53 accordingly against 90.63%25 and 23.94 in the control). All Storm treatments significantly increased the seedling length. With the increase in concentration, the root length decreased while the shoot length increased. Even thought all of the Storm treatments significantly increased the Vigor index I (1587.44 to 1644.75) and Vigor index II (35265.38 to 37753.75) compared to the control (1362.07 and 29984.50 respectively), they affected the seedling development differently. The 2.5%25 treatment negatively affected the development of the seedling, as promoted increased development of the seedling shoot, but inhibited the development of the root. Best results were obtained with 0.1%25 concentration, as it significantly promoted both the root and shoot development and resulted in significantly higher index I, index II, shoot, root and total seedling length compared to the control. With this treatment were obtained the longest root (7.98 cm), the highest root dry weight (3.89 mg) and the highest root volume (50 mu%253BL) in the trial
Evaluation of Residue Distribution of Spraying Nozzles Produced for the Prevention of Spray Drift
Get PDFThe widespread use of pesticides has negative impacts on human health and the environment. This situation increases the severity day by day. Especially spray drift is one of the factors that should be controlled. In addition, pesticide costs have led to new solutions. Conventional spraying nozzles and anti-drift spraying nozzles are discussed in this study. The study carried out in viticulture areas. Pesticide residual amounts were determined by sampling surfaces placed in different parts of the plant. The sampling surfaces were placed on the top and bottom surfaces of the leaves. Pesticide residue rates were determined in different regions of the plant. The average pesticide residual amounts on the leaves with the anti-drift spray nozzles AITX 8002 VK and ITR 8002 were found to 63.5%25 and 49.9%25 higher than the conventional TX VK12 spray nozzle, respectively, also 44.2%25 and 32.2%25 higher than the other conventional spray nozzle TR 8002, respectively. The lowest value of top to bottom pesticide residue ratio for leaves was 2.22 at anti-drift ITR 8002 spray nozzle and the highest value of top to bottom pesticide residue ratio for leaves was 2.95 with the conventional spray nozzle TR 8002. All the type of spray nozzles except anti-drift AITX 8002, produced less residue in the inner parts compared to outer parts. The highest penetration rate was 90%25 with the AITX 8002 VK spray nozzle and the lowest penetration was 55%25 with the conventional TX VK12 spray nozzle type
Phytopathological Assessment of Lines of Common Winter Wheat to the Cause of Brown Leaf Rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici)
Get PDFThe study was conducted in the period 2017-2019 in the experimental fields of the Institute of Plant Genetic Resources quot%253BK. Malkov in Sadovo, near Plovdiv, Bulgaria. At the infectious area, the immune responses of twenty-two genotypes of common winter wheat to the causative agent of brown leaf rust - Puccinia recondita f. sp. Tritici were tested The line MX 289%252F2048 has shown high resistance to the pathogen, and seven samples are characterized by a stable reaction.
The biggest share of the studied breeding materials showed average resistance to the phytopathogen. A comparison of the indicators of grain weight in the central spike and 1000 kernel weight was made for samples grown on an infectious site and under natural field conditions. The obtained results showed an exceeding the values of the trait in favor of the samples grown under natural field conditions. It was found that the greatest influence on the traits grainsweight in the central spike and 1000 kernels weight has the year of cultivation. To assess the genetic diversity, a cluster analysis was applied, in which the selection materials were grouped into five main cluster groups. The lines MX 286%252F1777 and MX 270%252F3461 are characterized by the greatest genetic proximity, and the line MX 285%252F1058 is genetically the most distant compared to the samples from the first cluster group
Renewable Energy Applications for Sustainable Agricultural Systems
Get PDFSustainable agriculture means meeting current food needs without compromising the ability of current or future generations to meet their own needs. Energy is the most important tool for sustainable agricultural development and growth. The agri-food chain accounts for around 30 %25 of the global energy demand. The agricultural sector is currently heavily dependent on the use of fossil fuels. The use of fossil fuels in agriculture leads to an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the sector. The total GHG emissions from the agri-food chain account for more than 30 %25 of global GHG emissions per year. Emissions from energy used in agricultural activities consist primarily of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Current fossil fuel-based energy generation needs to be shifted to renewable energy such as solar, biomass, wind, and geothermal to mitigate climate change and reduce GHG emissions. There are a variety of energy-related mitigation and adaptation opportunities in agriculture. Improvements will be made by enhancing access to electricity, making more efficient use of resources, and increasing the use of renewable energy sources in agriculture. This would have the dual advantage of providing renewable energy inputs to agriculture, thereby increasing productivity, economic and social sustainability, and reducing climate change commitments. This paper details the role of renewable energy in agriculture by linking sustainability aspects
Quality, Sensory and Oxidative Stability Characteristics of Olive Oils Obtained by Crossing of Ascolana with Karamürselsu, Tavşanyuregi and Uslu Cultivars
Get PDFThis research is aimed to determine the quality, sensory and oxidative stability characters of olive oils of 5 cultivar candidates obtained by cross breeding of Ascolana with Karamürselsu, Tavşanyuregi and Uslu cultivars. All olive trees were cultivated with the same agricultural practices in the same orchard (Yalova, Turkey). Free fatty acid content, peroxide value, specific ultraviolet absorbance, oxidative stability and sensory characters were evaluated. As a result, it has been determined that all of olive oils suitable for entering the class of extra virgin olive oil. AT056 has more favorable free fatty acids content and peroxide value but unfortunately has lower sensory scores. AU016 and AU019 have higher induction time and sensory scores with other favorable free fatty acids and peroxide value. So that AU016 and AU019 were determined as outstanding cultivars for analyzed olive oil characters
Yield Stability and Physiological Parameters of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes under Rainfed Conditions
Get PDFThe development of barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes over its life cycle depend on a number of environmental abiotic stress factors. Grain losses are often caused by high or low temperatures, drought, and such soil structure. The research was carried out to investigate the yield, stability, some quality, and physiological characteristics of some advanced barley genotypes under rainfed conditions. This research was established with 25 genotypes, in randomized complete blocks design with four replications at 3 locations in 2012-2013 growing years. Grain yield, plant height, days of heading, biomass, canopy temperature, 1000-kernels weight, and test weight was investigated. There were significant differences among the genotypes. Based on location, the highest yield was determined in Tekirdağ location. Cultivar Harman had higher yield potential. The highest biomass was measured for cultivars Harman and Lord and the lowest canopy temperature was measured for the G21 line. Earliness in terms of growing forage crops in the same growing year and short plant height for lodging resistance are very important characters in the Trakya region. G11 and G16 were early, and G6, G7, and G16 were the shortest genotypes. The highest 1000 kernels weight was measured in G3, and test weight in G19 lines. It was determined that cultivar Harman and 5 lines G7, G9, G22, G24, and G25 were well adapted to all environmental conditions. Genotypes Sladoran, G18, G3, and G8 were well adapted to fertile environmental conditions. Canopy temperature negatively affected and reduced grain yield, biomass, test weight, 1000-kernel weight, and protein ratio under rainfed conditions. The result of the study suggested that canopy temperature could be used in a barley breeding program for physiological parameters under rainfed conditions
Genetic Analysis of Groundnut Genotypes for Quality Related Traits
Get PDFGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important cash crop of Pakistan. Groundnut has nutritional features like calcium, phosphorous, iron, zinc, proteins vitamin E and vitamin B complex. Little work has been done so far on groundnut quality aspects. Keeping this in mind present study was conducted comprising of eight groundnut genotypes collected from Barani Agriculture Research Institute (BARI) Chakwal which were evaluated for quality traits and their inheritance mechanism during Kharif season, 2016. Biochemical analysis for different traits were performed like protein content, oil content, calcium, phosphorous, iron, amino acid and Aflatoxin. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis for ascertaining the significance of traits. Genotype 11CG005 gave good performance regarding oil content, iron content while genotype 11CG004 performed best for protein content and calcium content and it was also in safer limits for aflatoxin content. For phosphorous content, genotype 10CG008 gave best performance whereas genotype 11CG003 showed better results for amino acid content. High heritability with high genetic advance was showed by oil content, calcium content and protein content which indicated additive type of gene action for these traits while aflatoxin, amino acid, phosphorus and iron showed moderate heritability with little genetic advance which indicated predominance of non-additive type of gene action for the studied traits. The study is helpful in generating detailed information on quality traits of groundnut that can be used in future groundnut breeding programs of the country
Monitoring on the Pathogen Population of P. triticina in Bulgaria during 2013-2014
Get PDFThe population studies on the cause agents of the diseases in agricultural crops are an indispensable stage in the development of a scientifically-coordinated strategy in the breeding for resistance. This investigation follows the changes in the population structure of P. triticina during harvest years 2013-2014. The analysis on the population structure was carried out according to the methodology adopted at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute ndash%253B General Toshevo, Bulgaria. We developed 139 monoracial isolates from 47 samples. A total of 59 pathotypes were identified (27 in 2013 and 32 in 2014), 5 of the pathotypes (02762, 12722, 12762, 12763 and 52762) being determined during the two years of the investigation. Twenty-five new pathotypes were identified, which were not detected during 2000-2012. The distribution of the pathotypes in the individual agro ecological zones was uneven. Three of the pathotypes were dominant%253A 12762, 52762 and 53763.The genes for resistance to this pathogen demonstrated variable efficiency. The strong genes Lr 9 and Lr 19 were absolutely efficient in 2013, but in 2014 pathotypes were identified, which overcame their resistance. During the first years of the study, genes Lr 2c, Lr 9, Lr 19, Lr 22A, Lr 22B, Lr 25, Lr 41 and Lr 45 reacted as absolutely efficient, while during the second year absolute efficiency was demonstrated by genes Lr 22A, Lr 22B and Lr 25. Good was the efficiency of genes Lr 2a, Lr 2b, Lr 3ka, Lr 24, Lr 42, Lr 44, Lr 45, Lr 46 and Lr 47. Low efficiency was found in genes Lr 1, Lr3, Lr 10, Lr 11, Lr 15, Lr 16, Lr 17, Lr 18, Lr 20, Lr 21, Lr 23, Lr 26, Lr 36, Lr 37, Lr 39, Lr 48, Lr 51 и Lr 52. Absolutely inefficient were genes Lr 30, Lr 38 and Lr 60
The Effect of Potassium Application on Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under Salt Stress
Get PDFSalt stress is an important type of abiotic stress that limits vegetative production in the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid climatic areas. The aim of this study is to mitigate salt stress damage in the sugar beet plant, which is an important part of crop production, with potassium application. An experiment was designed according to a design of random blocks with 4 different doses (10, 20, 40, 80 mg kg-1 K) of potassium and 3 different salt levels (0, 100, 150 mM NaCl) and 3 replicates. Leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, membrane damage, relative water content was determined after harvest. The data obtained from the experiment were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA). According to the results of variance analysis, leaf width, leaf length, fresh weight, MDA content, membrane damage, relative water content were found to be statistically significant in salt x potassium interaction. Due to the positive effects of potassium on the parameters known to increase the plants%252339%253B stress tolerance, it is thought that it may be beneficial in reducing the salt stress in order to make the sugar beet less affected by salt stress