The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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The Effects of Microbial Transglutaminase (MTG) Enzyme Usage on Sensory Properties of Hatay Cheese
No full textHatay Cheese is a kind of cheese produced in and around Hatay with its own shapes and sizes. In this study, the use of microbial transglutaminase enzyme was tried to improve the textural structure of Hatay cheese which is in fresh cheese class. Enzymatic modification of milk proteins by microbial transglutaminase enzyme has been applied in the production of half-fat Hatay cheese with different pre-ripening time applications and some sensory properties of the cheeses have been investigated such as external appearance, internal appearance, texture, odor and taste during 60 days of storage. In this study, four different Hatay cheese were produced as control sample (A), 30 minutes pre-ripening with enzyme (B), 45 minutes pre-ripening with enzyme (C) and 60 minutes pre-ripening with enzyme (D).
When the sensory properties of the cheeses were examined, it was observed that the application of different pre-ripening time significantly affected the external appearance, internal appearance, texture and taste scores on the 60th day of storage (plt%253B0.05), and storage time caused significant differences on the appearance scores of A, B and C cheeses (plt%253B0.05). Storage time caused significant differences on the internal appearance scores of all cheeses except cheese A (plt%253B0.05). The effects of storage time on texture scores were not significant (pgt%253B0.05). The effects of different pre-ripening periods and storage time on the odor scores of the cheeses were not significant (pgt%253B0.05). Taste scores of cheese D were significantly affected by storage time (plt%253B0.05). As a result of all sensory analyzes, it was found that the cheeses supplemented with MTG enzyme were more liked and the scores given to the cheeses increased as the pre-ripening period increased. As a result, the most admired cheese was D cheese
Evaluation of the Yield and Quality Properties of Some Potato Varieties and Candidate Genotypes in Yenisehir-Bursa Ecological Conditions
Get PDFThe experiment was implemented to evaluate the yield and quality properties of potato varieties and candidate
genotypes were examined in 2019 growing seansons under Yenisehir- Bursa conditions. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Eight potato candidate genotypes (EA10, GAF4, MK-2, AH-11, AFK-3, AA12, HA5, LOH3Y) which were developed by Associate Proffessor Rahim Ada and four potato varieties (Marabel, Florice, Melody, Lady Olympia) were used as plant material in this experiment. The plant height (cm), number of stem per plant, number of tuber per plant, total tuber yield (t ha-1), dry matter content (%25), yield of chips (%25), yield of french-fries (%25) were examined. According to results of this experiment, significant differences were found in all properties among the potato varieties and candidate genotypes statistically. The plant height changed between 48.3-107.3 cm, number of stem per plant was 4.6-10.0, number of tuber per hill was 4.3-16.6, total tuber yield per hectare was 8.9-52.1 t. In addition, dry matter content changed between 16.7- 25.0 %25, yield of chips was 36.1-60.3 %25, yield of french-fries was 55.0-70.8 %25. The highest total tuber yield was obtained from Florice variety (52.1 t ha-1) and GAF4 potato candidate genotype (49.6 t ha-1) and the lowest total tuber yield was obtained from AFK-3 potato candidate genotype (8.9 t ha-1, respectively). The experiment results indicated that GAF4 potato candidate genotype was found promising
Effect of Canopy Temperature at Different Growth Stage on Yield Component in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Rainfed Condition
Get PDFBread wheat is the widely growing cereal crops in Trakia region and various environment conditions reducing grain yield. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of canopy temperature at different growth stages in bread wheat genotypes on yield and yield component under rainfed conditions. Research was carried out at Trakya Region, Turkey, in 2017-2018 growing years at 4 locations with 25 genotypes in randomized completely blocks design with 4 replications. Canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, days of heading, grain yield, plant height, peduncle length, spike length, number of spike per square meter, number of spike per spike, number of kernel per spike, and spike weight and also, relationship among these characters were investigated. For determining canopy temperature of the genotypes data was taken at four different plant growth stages (Z41, Z55, Z60 and Z70). The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for grain yield, plant height, days of heading, chlorophyll content, number of spike per square meter, peduncle length, spike length, number of spike per spike, number of kernel per spike and spike weight. Mean grain yield of the genotypes was 616.1 kg da-1, and the highest yields were obtained in G21 line with 680.7 kg da-1 and followed by cultivar Köprü (677.6 kg da-1). Correlation coefficients based on the investigated parameters were determined by Pearsons correlation analysis. Grain yield was negatively slightly correlated with canopy temperature at booting stage (Z41) and negatively significantly correlated at Z51 growth stage (r%253D-0.534**). A significant positive correlation was determined between grain yield and chlorophyll content at Z55 growth stage (r%253D0.600**). It was found significant positive correlation between grain yield and number of spike per square meter (r%253D0.416*) and, peduncle length (r%253D0.469*). A negative correlation was observed between chlorophyll content with canopy temperature at Z41 (r%253D0.595**), and Z55 (r%253D0.586**) growth stages. A moderate negative correlation was found between spikelet number per spike with canopy temperature at Z61, and at Z70. The correlations among physiological parameters revealed that canopy temperature and chlorophyll content were positively associated with grain yield%253B hence these components can be used as reliable selection criteria to improve grain yield in wheat. Thus estimation of correlation analysis among yield and yield components and, physiological parameters may provide effective selection criteria to improve bread wheat grain yield
Study of Initial Material of Vetch
Get PDFThe study was conducted in the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops ndash%253B Pleven, Bulgaria for a three-year period. Ten vetch specimens (varieties and populations) different originated were examined ndash%253B Bulgarian population (Vicia sativa)%253B Bulgarian population (Vicia pannonica ssp. striata%253B Detenicka Panonska (Vicia pannonica) and Asko 1%253B Kowatschite, K- 25 331, K- 29 800, K- 30 553, K- 30 574, K- 30 671 from Vicia villosa. The main quantitative characteristics were analyzed%253A plant height (cm), height of the first pod (cm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of seeds per plant (g) and indicators%253A beginning of flowering stage (days) and duration of the growing season (days). Two-way ANOVA and variance analysis were used for statistical data processing. High values of variation coefficient were found for seed weight (107.87%25), number of seeds per plant (88.80%25), height of first pod (30.78%25), number of pods per plant (37.97%25) and number of seeds per pod (27.45), and average variation for plant height (15.97%25), respectively. The varieties of Vicia pannonica can be characterized as early ripening with a growing season duration of 244-246 days, the population of Vicia sativa as medium ripening (242-252 days), and from Vicia villosa (except K-29 800, Kowatschite and Asko 1) as late maturing (242-256 days). The varieties of the species Vicia villosa K-30 671, Asko and 1 K-25 331, which are well leafed and form long stems (142-151 cm), are suitable as parental components in the combinational selection in the direction for forage. The Bulgarian population of Vicia sativa was found to form the largest number of both, pods (87) and seeds (351). For other the numbers, the seeds per plant trait was between 116 (K-30 574) and 133 (K-30 553). In the direction of seed production the Bulgarian population of Vicia sativa can be emitted
Volatile Composition of Wine Distillates with Added Thyme Extracts (Thymus callieri)
Get PDFA gas chromatographic (GC-FID) study to determine the volatile composition of wine distillates with the addition of 50%25 and 70%25 ethanol extracts of thyme (Thymus callieri) was conducted. The incorporation of 70%25 ethanol extracts led to higher final levels of total volatile compounds compared to 50%25. The total content of higher alcohols was also higher when 70%25 ethanol extracts of the plant source were added to the distillates. The main identified representatives of this fraction were 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 1-propanol, 2-butanol. Acetaldehyde has been identified at a lower concentration level compared to the control. Its quantities were in the range in which it positively affected the distillates aroma. The thyme extracts not produced the effect on increasing of the total ester content in the distillates. The basic ester was ethyl acetate. Its amount in the experimental samples was lower than the control but balanced for its positive effect on the aromatic profile. The incorporation of 50%25 and 70%25 ethanol extracts of thyme in the distillates led to a significant increase in their total terpene content. This may be an effect that increased the biological value of the distillates. Decreased methyl alcohol concentrations have been found with the used extracts in the experimental distillates. This improved their methanolic purity. The application of thyme (Thymus callieri) extracts to distillates is a prospect of obtaining new alcoholic beverages with improved and balanced volatile composition, aromatic quality and biological value
Broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel) Control in Winter Oilseed Rape with Imazamox-Containing Herbicide Products
Get PDFThe broomrapes are root, obligate parasites without chlorophyll. They parasitize mostly the dicotyledonous plants. Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel attacks a wider range of hosts among which is the winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The broomrape can reduce the yields and aggravate the quality of production. There are few effective measures to control this parasite. One of the most promising approaches is the cultivation of Clearfieldreg%253B oilseed rape and the treatment of imazamox-containing herbicide products. For this purpose during the growing seasons of 2016 - 2017 and 2017 - 2018 a field pot experiment with the Clearfieldreg%253B oilseed rape hybrid РТ 228 CL was conducted. The soil of the field pots was artificially infested with Ph. ramosa seeds. The herbicide application was performed in two stages of the crop in the spring - BBCH 31ndash%253B33 (1-3 internodes visible) and BBCH 51 (bdquo%253Bgreen button). Variants of the trial were%253A 1. Untreated control%253B 2. Clerandareg%253B (375 g%252Fl metazachlor %2B 17,5 g%252Fl imazamox) ndash%253B 2,00 l%252Fha (BBCH 31ndash%253B33)%253B 3. Cleravoreg%253B (250 g%252Fl quinmerac %2B 35 g%252Fl imazamox) ndash%253B 1,00 l%252Fha (BBCH 31ndash%253B33)%253B 4. Pulsarreg%253B Plus (25 g%252Fl imazamox) ndash%253B 1,00 l%252Fha (BBCH 31ndash%253B33)%253B 5. Pulsarreg%253B Plus ndash%253B 2,00 l%252Fha (BBCH 31ndash%253B33)%253B 6. Pulsarreg%253B Plus ndash%253B 0,50 l%252Fha (BBCH 51)%253B 7. Pulsarreg%253B Plus ndash%253B 1,00 l%252Fha (BBCH 51)%253B 8. Pulsarreg%253B Plus ndash%253B 2,00 l%252Fha (BBCH 51). Average for both years of the study, the highest efficacy against the parasite after the application of Pulsarreg%253B Plus ndash%253B 2,00 l%252Fha (BBCH 51) ndash%253B 92,9%25 followed by Clerandareg%253B ndash%253B 2,00 l%252Fha (BBCH 31ndash%253B33) - 91,2%25 was reported
Inheritance Pattern and Association of Qualitative and Quantitative Traits in Cotton for Sustainable Breeding Goal
Get PDFBackground%253A Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most important fiber crop of the world and commonly known as white gold. It plays an important role in the economy of Pakistan. It provides raw material to the local textile industry and generates a considerable amount of foreign exchange. It plays a vital role in the economy of Pakistan. The yield of cotton is lower in Pakistan. Knowledge of association among different traits is important for the development of cultivars with better yield and quality characters.
Results%253A In this research, two parents (PB-38 and Jambo Okra) and their crosses sown in randomized complete block design with three replications to sort out best performing genotypes for these profitable traits (plant height, number of sympodial branches, number of monopodial branches, leaf type, boll size, boll shape, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, ginning out turn, 100 seed weight and seed cotton yield). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that parental and their F population showed significant differences for all the observed traits. Correlation and inheritance pattern of all characters provides information of association among all traits and percentage of inheritable attributes.
Conclusions%253A The association and inheritance pattern study provides us useful information for effective selection and sustainable breeding programs. Heritability estimations revealed that heritability of traits fluctuate as following order%253B monopodial branchesgt%253B ginning outturngt%253Bboll weightgt%253Bsympodial branchesgt%253Bplant heightgt%253Byieldgt%253Bnumber of bolls plant-1 with heritable percentages 99%25, 90%25, 89%25, 64%25, 60%25, 60%25 and 55%25 respectively
Deriving Mathematical Relationships Between Electrical Conductivity and Concentrations of Some Minerals in Groundwater%253A A Case Study in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey
Get PDFThe quality and quantity of water varies from place to place and time to time. Therefore, supply of fresh water is a limiting factor for irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, including Mediterranean region although irrigation and fertilizers are two of the major inputs of modern agriculture in the region. Pollution from anthropogenic sources or activities degrades the quality of freshwater, lessening its usefulness. In this regard, irrigated agriculture has negative impacts on surface and groundwater resources. Staple objectives of this study are two-fold%253A a) to derive mathematical forms of relationship between electrical conductivity and concentrations of some minerals in groundwater, b) to bring those relationships into the use in areas where shallow water table with poor quality is dominant and only EC measurements are available. In line with those objectives, the study was conducted in an irrigated catchment, covering an area of 9495 ha, located in the Lower Seyhan Plain irrigation project area, in the Mediterranean region of southern Turkey. A total of 362 groundwater samples were collected from 105 drainage observation wells with the depth of 4-m in winter, spring and autumn in 2016 and 2017. Electrical conductivity (EC, dSm-1) and concentrations (meqL-1) of major ions, i.e. calcium and magnesium (Ca%2BMg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), carbonate (CO3), bicarbonate (HCO3) and sulfate (SO4), were determined in the lab by following standard methods. Then, total dissolved solids (TDS in mgL-1) concentration in each was calculated by summing up the major ion concentrations considered. Correlation and regression analysis was performed to derive mathematical forms of relationship between EC and TDS, and other ion concentrations. Analysis results showed that a strong linear mathematical relationship existed between TDS and EC, and Na with the determination coefficient (R2) greater than 93 percent (rge%253B0.95). Surprisingly the relationship between EC and Cl was found to be in the form of quadratic (R2%253D0.97). On the other hand, although the association between EC and Ca%2BMg was linear and weak (R2%253D0.71), ANOVA results lead us to conclude that the relationship was statistically significant (alpha%253B%253D0.05). Contrary to the expectations, no statistically significant relationship existed between EC and the remaining ion concentrations. Mathematical forms of the relationships between EC and mineral ion concentrations may be used to derive additional information regarding groundwater quality in agricultural areas where drainage observation wells are available and EC measurements are taken for granted
Comparative Responses of Algerian Tetraploid Wheat Cultivars to Salinity at the Seedling Stage
Get PDFSalinity is one of the most abiotic stresses restricting wheat growth and productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. This study was carried out to examine the effect of salt stress induced by sodium chloride (NaCl) at different concentration levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) on seed germination rate, root length, roots number, coleoptile length, root and shoot fresh weights of eleven durum wheat varieties. The results revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the measured parameters. The increase in NaCl concentrations showed concomitant decrease in all morphological attributes, but varied depending on cultivars and levels of salinity. Seed germination rate and root length demonstrated a linear response to NaCl treatment, while significant linear and quadratic regression on salinity for roots number, coleoptile length, root and shoot fresh weights were observed. The cluster analysis based on Wards method sequestrated the studied genotypes into three clusters. Seed germination rate and root length showed the lowest difference among the groups%253B and the remaining traits%253A roots number, coleoptile length, root and shoot fresh weights were the most indicative of salt-tolerance. Waha, Megress and GTA dur were the most tolerant genotypes that could be used as donors of choice in wheat breeding programs targeting the improvement of salinity tolerance during the seedling stage
Antifungal Activity of Mentha Rotundifolia Essential Oil Against Fusarium Oxysporum
Get PDFThe antifungal activity of Mentha rotundifolia essential oil, harvested in Setif (Algeria) was evaluated in vitro against a phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, causing damage on tomato. The molecular identification of the strain was based on a comparison (BLAST) of the sequences obtained against a database and was often supplemented by microscopic observations. After quot%253BSANGERquot%253B sequencing of the PCR products, the sequences were received in FASTA format. Analysis of M. rotundifolia essential oil by Gas Chromatography%252FMass Spectrometry method (GC-MS) identified 14 compounds. The 3-Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-hydroxy-3- (3-methyl-2-butenyl) - was the major constituent of this oil with a rate of about 89.09%25. For this activity, we adopted the technique of direct contact on agar. F. oxysporum continued to grow on oil-free media at 1%25 and 0.1%25 (fungistatic effect)%253B also on media with an oil concentration of 0.01%25. While the explants taken from petri dish with essential oil concentration of 2%253B 4 and 10%25 did not grow (fungicidal effect). The very interesting antifungal effect of M. rotundifolia essential oil indicates the potential of this plant species as a source of natural fungicidal material. The present study revealed that this mint exhibited antifungal effect against F. oxysporum which provided a scientific basis for the use of this species as a good source of antifungal compounds. This preliminary work could provide a basis for the determination of sufficient and effective concentrations for in planta studies for the biological control of natural active substances of M. rotundifolia against fungal diseases