The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Variability, Correlation, and Path Coefficient Analysis of Grain Yield and Yield-Related Traits of Facultative Barley Accessions Grown Under Rainfed Conditions
Get PDFA study was conducted during the period of three concessive years from 2016%252F2017 to 2018%252F2019 in the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture - Karnobat, Southeastern Bulgaria with the aim to investigate the variability, heritability, and correlation between grain yield and yield-related traits of breeding lines of facultative barley under rainfed conditions and to select lines with desirable agronomic traits for including in further breeding work for the development of facultative barley varieties for Bulgarian environments. The traits%253A number of days to heading, plant height, spike length, spikelet number per spike, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, and grain yield were recorded. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences between 6-rowed facultative barley genotypes in the studied traits. Most of the traits under the study showed the relatively low phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. The estimates for heritability in broad-sense were high for the number of days to heading, grain weight per spike, and 1000-grain weight and very high for plant height and spike length suggesting a possibility for improvement of those traits through selection based on phenotype. Whereas low heritability of grain yield was found indicating that the phenotypic selection could be ineffective under these specific conditions. Grain yield of facultative barley accessions showed a significant positive correlation with spike length, spikelet number per spike, grain number per spike and grain weight per spike. The traits with the highest positive direct effect on grain yield were grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight while days to heading had a highly negative direct effect on grain yield. A combination of high heritability and high direct on grain yield in 1000-grain weight and days to heading shows that those traits may be used in early-generation selection in breeding of high-yielding facultative lines. The accession TX01D236 had a significantly higher grain yield compared to check varieties and could be included in future breeding work
A Discussion of Inbreeding Coefficients in the Herds of Turkish Grey Cattle by using Calpain and Calpastatin Gene Markers
Get PDFThe Turkish grey cattle (TGC) is the only local indigenous breed in Thrace and Western Anatolia. They can survive, feed, and breed without human intervention in nature. They spend the whole year, including winter, as free herds. TGC breed is under threat of extinction. Therefore they are protected by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Our investigation was supplied that purebred 51 TGC from the ex-situ protection program and 79 purebred TGC from smallholders into various villages. The research was conducted by Trakya University. Was studied that three different Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) in the genes of calpain and calpastatin in purebred TGC. Variants of (CAPN1 316 and CAPN1 4751 SNPs) Calpain and (UoG-CAST SNP) Calpastatin genes were searched to monitor whether maintained the genetic diversity of the breed. Genetic analyses conducted on 130 cattle that have no consanguinity indicate that inbreeding coefficients calculated in each locus differed from each other. Average FIS, FIT, and FST values were determined as -0.0689, -0.0405, and 0.0266 respectively. The average gene flow was estimated to be 9.1590. The genetic variability was found to be mainly between families in subgroups (97.345%25). The genetic diversity of the breed is maintained according to the results of the purebred TGC samples
Environment Adjusted Yield Model for Ranking and Stability Assessment of Winter Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittm.) Genotypes
Get PDFObtaining high yields from crops such as triticale is directly related to the interaction of the used genotypes with the conditions of the environment. Therefore, the breeding of the crop is targeted toward reducing the effects, which various stress factors have on productivity. One of the shortcomings of the interaction of the genotype with the environment is that under contrasting growing conditions the different cultivars are ranked in a different way according to their yield value. This considerably hinders their evaluation and the possibility to choose the most suitable cultivars for the respective geographic area and micro region. In order to adequately assess the different triticale genotypes under contrasting conditions of the environment, a model for yield ranking was developed. It is based on the ratio between the reaction of the genotype under specific conditions of the environment with the mean productivity of the same genotype under the rest of the conditions of testing. This allowed increasing the contrast between differing genotypes and their more adequate ranking under certain conditions, or as a whole during the tested contrasting periods. On the other hand, the model allowed grouping of the genotypes with identical reaction to the conditions of the environment. The model was applied to eleven Bulgarian winter triticale cultivars (Kolorit, Atila, Akord, Respekt, Bumerang, Irnik, Dobrudzhanets, Lovchanets, Doni 52, Blagovest and Borislav) and to six contrasting periods of growing (2015 ndash%253B 2020). The results from the model values showed that the cultivars were grouped in different ways during the individual periods in comparison to their grouping according to yield values. Cultivars with similar productivity having identical ranks contrasted better with each other when applying the model. The genotypes, which possessed high stability, were characterized with lower ranks according to the results from the used model, especially in periods with clearly expressed drought. The ranks of the model values remained significantly high regardless of the conditions of the environments in cultivars Bumerang and Doni 52. The developed model demonstrated considerable similarities to the HARV and Hi models and can be reliably used in practical breeding work under contrasting environments
Essential Oil of Myrtus communis L. effects In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation against Chickpea Blight (Ascochyta rabiei) Disease
Get PDFIn this study, (Myrtus communis L.) was explored in vitro and in vivo for controlling blight disease using two chickpea genotypes ILC 3279, INRA 199 and a local cultivar Bouazza. Blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei Pass. Lab. is major disease affecting chickpea production. To control this disease, chemical harmful fungicides are used hence, developing natural plant protection products as an alternative has become important regarding the environmental impact. The effect of essential oil (EO) extracted from myrtle leaves by hydrodistillation was evaluated on the growth of Ascochyta rabiei Pass. Lab. mycelium, by dilution method using chickpea culture medium added with 0, 200, 300, 500 and 1000 ppm. The radial growth of A. rabiei Pass.Lab. was inhibited at 40.9, 68.18 and 96.69%25 with 200, 300 and 500 ppm respectively. Myrtle essential oil used at 1000 ppm inhibited the fungus growth completely (100%25). In vitro EO efficacy was investigated using detached leaflets method inoculated with 5 micro%253Bl pathogen spore solution of 106 spores %252F ml concentration. Efficacy was investigated using 750 ppm EO solution. Disease (DS) Severity and disease incidence (DI) on detached leaflets were determined.
Highest disease incidence was observed on Bouazza (100%25) followed by ILC 3279 (84.28%25) and INRA 199 (17.5%25). Myrtle essential oil showed an efficacy in all cases and decreased significantly disease incidence for Bouazza, ILC 3279 and INRA 199 to 63.33, 56.66 and 16%25 respectively. Disease severity showed the same profile, Bouazza noted the highest rate followed by ILC 3279 and INRA 199 with 60, 40 and 21%25 respectively and EO showed a significant efficacy and reduced these disease severity rates to 52 32 and 18 %25. The bioassay conducted in vivo under greenhouse conditions with plants including a negative control with any treatment and two other batches inoculated by hand held sprayer, a spore solution with a concentration of 106 spores%252F ml and treated or not with myrtle EO. Disease incidence percentage (DIP) decreased significantly under common myrtle EO compared to control in INRA 199 and ILC 3279 for severity percent index (SPI) no significant difference was observed for all genotypes under Myrtus communis L. essential oil treatment effect. This study showed Myrtus communis L. essential oil efficacy on chickpea blight disease in vitro on fungal radial growth and in vivo either on deatached leaflets or whole plants under greenhouse condition. This natural product reduced significantly blight disease incidence and severity. And to control disease, myrtle essential oil extraction as fungicide is a promising alternative against this disease
Impacts of Breakfast Eating Behaviors on Lipid Profile of University going Students
Get PDFChange in dietary patterns influenced the health status of people worldwide. The devastating burden of metabolic diseases is now the major challenge for developing economies. Mostly people skip their breakfast and used to consume higher quantities of fried foods during their craving conditions. These fried foods are leading cause of various disorders in body including hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Current study was conducted to evaluate lipid profile and physical parameters of the graduate students (Healthy breakfast eaters, fried foods breakfast eaters and breakfast skippers). For this purpose, data collected through the questionnaire was utilized to estimate and evaluate some parameters (i.e., BMI, total proteins, total carbohydrates and total fats) about dietary habits of participants. The chemistry analyzer was utilized to determine the lipid profiling (i.e., Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and VLDL) of selected candidates. The results depicted that the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed higher in no breakfast eaters as compared to breakfast eaters and healthy breakfast eaters. Moreover, TCs (206.13plusmn%253B24.52mg%252Fdl) and TGs (241.40plusmn%253B115.17mg%252Fdl) were extraordinary higher in females and males of NBE groups, accordingly. HDL levels were lower and LDL levels were higher in non-breakfast eaters. BMI and Total fat were also higher in non-breakfast eaters indicating the increased health risks. Thus, to prevent chronic metabolic disorders the healthy eating pattern should be promoted
Differential Response of Sunflower Maintainer and Restorer Inbred Lines to Salt Stress
Get PDFIn order to identify of salt tolerant sunflower inbred lines a set of 24 inbred lines were evaluated as a randomized block design with three replications in Isfahan and Zabol in 2017. Salt stress was imposed following seedlings establishment 20 days after planting as irrigation with two (fresh water) and 8 ds.m-2 electrical conductivity. According to the results, there were significant differences among locations and also salt treatment for all measured traits except for flowering time and oil content. There were also significant differences among inbred lines for all of the characteristics which could be used a source for improvement of salt tolerance in sunflower. Salt stress had a negative impact on agronomic futures of the inbred lines. Achene and oil yield had suffered more than other traits with 34 and 31%25 reduction respectively. Phenological traits were affected less than agronomic traits. The inbred lines BGK259 and RGK38 had the highest and lowest achene and oil yield respectively. Three lines BGK259, BGK369 and BGK375 with higher STI expressed as more salt tolerant lines. All 12 maintainer lines had a higher STI than all the 12 restorer lines and were more tolerant. Among the restorers RGK22, RGK15 and RGK2 were more salt tolerant than others. In accordance with STI, TOL and GM indices, principal component analysis differentiated BGK259, BGK369 and BGK375 as the most salt tolerant inbred lines
Determination of Some Paddy Varieties Resistant to Iron Toxicity
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to determine some paddy varieties resistant to iron toxicity. Two different nutrient solutions were applied in the form of iron sulphate (FeSO4.7H2O) (Fe concentrations of I) 45 micro%253BM Fe (sufficient Fe), II) 3.50 mM Fe (toxic Fe) to paddy cultivars grown in sand media. Among the paddy cultivars grown at toxic iron level (3.50 mM Fe), the closest paddy cultivars in terms of investigated traits were identified as Hamzadere and Edirne cultivars, while the furthest cultivars were identified as Biga incisi and Ronaldo cultivars. Present findings revealed that Biga incisi and Edirne paddy cultivars were tolerant to toxic iron levels and Ronaldo paddy cultivar was the most susceptible to iron toxicity. Biga incisi and Edirne paddy cultivars formed a group and the best traits of these cultivars designating iron toxicity were identified as iron ratio transported to shoot, tolerance index to toxic iron level, shoot total iron content and leaf relative peroxidase activity. According to biplot analysis, Ronaldo paddy cultivar formed a different group and the best traits of this cultivar at toxic iron level were identified as iron ratio remained in roots and root cold-extractable Fe%252FZn ratio
Improving the Probiotics Viability and Quality Characteristics of Yoghurt Enriched with Barley Bran
Get PDFResults of current study reported that increase in addition of barley bran in yogurt containing bifidobacterium BB-12, L. bulgaricus and S. thermophillus significantly influence the probiotics numbers. Samples fortified with barley bran has more numbers of probiotics as compare to control samples during storage. Correlation between concentration of barley bran and bifidobacterium was optimistic. Maximum numbers of L. bulgaricus and bifidobacterium were found in yogurt containing 1.5%25 barley bran. Addition of barley bran increased the acidity percentage of yogurt and decreased viscosity value during 3 weeks of storage. Sensory scores of functional yogurt decreased with increased in barley bran. However sensory score of sample with (0.5%25 barley bran) did not significantly changed from control sample and number of bifidobacterium bacteria in this sample was higher than minimum standard level (log106 CFU%252Fg) of world health organization (WHO). Syneresis value of control sample was significantly reduced with storage period but yogurt sample enriched with different concentration of barley bran were showed minimum decreased in syneresis percentage of yogurt. Barley bran level 1%25 can be added to yogurt successfully. Barley bran enrichment increased the color parameters of yogurt during storage this may be due to the results of blueness color of barley bran
Performance Evaluation of Hand-Move Sprinkler Irrigation System%253A A Case Study in Rwanda
No full textThis study was carried out with the main objective of evaluating the efficiency of the government-funded irrigation project equipped with hand-moved portable sprinkler irrigation system in the Nyagatare district of eastern Rwanda. The study was performed in maize field irrigated by a sprinkler irrigation system during the 2014 agricultural season. Catch cans experiments were used to assess the efficiency of the current field irrigation sprinkler system. Performance indicators such as coefficient of uniformity (CU), distribution uniformity (DU), Potential application efficiency of the low quarter (PAElq), pressure variation along laterals, delivery performance ratio (DPR), evaporation and wind drifts losses were analysed. The Christiansen equation was used to measure the CU. The results of this study revealed that the coefficient of uniformity, uniformity of distribution and efficiency of water application of the method were 84.7%25, 88%25 and 88%25 respectively. These experimental findings indicated that the performance of existing hand-move sprinkler irrigation system was satisfactory. The study put forward performance guidelines and advices for the designers and managers of sprinkler irrigation systems to achieve optimum performance
The Effect of Gadolinium and Lanthanum on the Mortality of Daphnia magna
Get PDFRare earth elements (REEs) have been recently identified as emergent contaminants because of their numerous and increasing applications in technology. The impact of REEs on downstream ecosystems, notably aquatic organisms, is of particular concern, but has to date been largely overlooked. The purpose of this study were to generate toxicological information regarding these poorly studied Gadolinium and Lanthanum elements to determine the current risk associated with these elements. The results of this work indicate a notable D. magna mortality in high concentration of La and Gad. The findings from our study also indicate that Gad is more toxic than La. Due to this mortality effect of La and Gad to D. magna, it will be important for the ensuring continuity of the ecosystem to monitor especially aquatic environments and to treat them with appropriate treatment methods from contaminated environments