The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Genotypes x Environment Interaction and Stability of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Cultivar Under Rainfed Conditions
Get PDFThe significant genotype (G) and environment (E) interaction and genetic diversity in the breeding programs are essential issues for the breeder to develop new cultivars. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Trakia Agriculture Research Institute Edirne, Turkey at eight environments from 2006-2007 to 2013-2014 growing cycles. In the study, nine released cultivars were used in randomized complete block design with four replications. Grain yield data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), the additive main effect, and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype and genotype-by-environment (GGE) biplot analyses. Stable genotypes were identified with GGE biplot and AMMI models. ANOVA and AMMI analysis revealed highly significant (pthinsp%253Blt%253Bthinsp%253B0.01) differences among test environments (E), genotypes (G), and their interaction (Gtimes%253BE). The graphical result from PCI showed that the first principal component PC1 explained 49.43%25 of the interaction while the second principal component, PC2 explained 29.08%25 of some of the square interaction. The result of PCA revealed that the 2 principal components (PC1, PC2) contributed 78.51%25 of the total variability. The environmental effect was responsible for the greatest part of the variation, followed by genotype and genotype by location interaction effects. Genotypes, when tested across eight environmental conditions, showed significant variation in grain yield. The highest grain yield was performed by cultivar Bereket (G8) and followed by Selimiye (G7) and Gelibolu (G4). Environment E4 and E1was found near the ideal test environment of the average environment coordination. It was determined that cultivars G7 (Selimiye) and G8 (Bereket) were well adaptable to all environmental conditions. Cultivar G4 (Gelibolu) was well adaptable to well fertile environmental conditions
Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Based Moderation of Chromium Stress in Tomato Seedlings is Related with Induced Antioxidants and Suppressed Cr Uptake
Get PDFThe nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has been widely used in remediation of environmental pollutants from the aqueous as well as soil media. The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of nZVI as a soil amendment in amelioration of chromium (Cr) toxicity in tomato seedlings. Three weeks exposure with low (10 mg kg-1) and high (100 mg kg-1) Cr(VI) was given to tomato seedlings grown in soil medium supplemented with or without 500 mg kg-1 nZVI in corresponding soils. The Cr exposure greatly reduced the biomass with high Cr(VI) lowering the plant height, root length, shoot and root biomass by 34, 24, 33 and 49%25, respectively. However, nZVI significantly restored the growth retardation by increasing these parameters by 17, 14, 19 and 33%25, respectively. The nZVI also lowered the Cr-induced MDA content, improved membrane stability index and increased relative water contents. The nZVI was also effective in improving the chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids contents. The antioxidant enzymes (viz. SOD, POD, CAT and APX) were slightly increased by Cr stress. The nZVI application together with Cr stressed soil further enhanced these enzyme activities. Application of nZVI further lowered the significant amount of Cr(VI) in shoots and roots tissues. The nZVI-induced tissue Cr concentration was lowered by 35%25 in shoots in case of low Cr exposure and 29%25 in roots by high Cr treatments. The amelioration of Cr-induced toxicity in tomato seedlings by nZVI application in soil seems to be the result of suppression of Cr uptake and enhancement in antioxidant enzyme system
Study of Farmers Adopting Technological Innovation on Cocoa Farming System%253A The evidence in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Get PDFCocoa beans have been existed in Indonesia particularly for smallholder farmers as the cash crop of household in the rural area. Todays its productivity is going down due to the aging cocoa three, pest and diseases. Introducing technology into the farmers group as the alternative way for income diversification based on the cocoa commodity. This study was conducted in East Kolaka District of Southeast Sulawesi Province. Purposive sampling technique was used to select four sub districts of Aere, Ladongi, Lambandia and Tinondo. In each sub district, we chose two sample villages by purposive sampling based on the number of cocoa growers per village and selected 15 farmers respectively based on the random technique due to the homogeneity of the population. In total, we selected eight villages as our sample villages with a total sample size of 120 households. Five components of technology has been introduced, viz. Introducing utilization of cocoa shell for bio-char, utilization of cow dung as organic fertilizer, making cocoa powder for instant beverage, utilization of cocoa shell as the alternative feed cow, and utilization of cow dung as Bio-Gas. This study results show that most farmers have a good and positive response by following or implementing recommended technology. The results of open interviews with farmers at the study site show that the technology introduced is technically feasible based on indicators of easiness of technology application (uncomplicated), easily access to technology, available of supporting materials and inexpensive, easily labor used, and easily in supporting facilities and infrastructure. A good response of farmers indicated that introduced technology has been implemented and adopted by farmers. Moreover, these technology have been implemented which economically feasible, technically easy, culturally done by farmers and environmental friendly
Grouping Some Paddy Cultivars in Terms of Zinc Nutrition Capabilities and Identification of the Best Zinc Nutrition Traits of These Cultivars
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to group some paddy cultivars in terms of their zinc nutritional capabilities and to identify the best zinc nutrition traits of these cultivars. Present experiments were conducted with 5 different paddy cultivars (Oryza sativa L. cv Biga İncisi, Osmancık 97, Hamzadere, Ronaldo, Edirne). In the experiment, a complete nutrient solution containing 0 and 2.0 micro%253BM Zn in the form of zinc sulphate heptahydrate was applied to lime-free (0 %25 CaCO3) and lime-added (4 %25 CaCO3) quartz sand media. Experiments were conducted in 5times%253B2times%253B2 factorial design with 3 replications. At the end of the experiments, zinc nutrition traits of paddy cultivars were determined. Both in lime-free and lime-added sand media, Biga İncisi paddy cultivar was identified as tolerant to zinc deficiency. Ronaldo paddy cultivar was identified as the most sensitive cultivar to zinc deficiency. It was observed that in terms of investigated 15 zinc nutrition traits, 5 different paddy cultivars grown under zinc deficiency (Zn0) conditions were gathered under 2 main groups. Biga İncisi and Edirne cultivars constituted the first group%253B Osmancık-97 and Hamzadere cultivars constituted the second group. On the other hand, Ronaldo cultivar was found to be closer to the second group including Osmancık-97 and Hamzadere cultivars. The closest paddy cultivars grown under zinc deficiency conditions in terms of investigated traits were identified as Biga İncisi and Edirne cultivars%253B on the other hand, the furthest cultivars were identified as Biga İncisi and Osmancık-97 cultivars. For Osmancık-97 and Biga İncisi paddy cultivars, SPAD readings in lime-added sand media were identified as the best zinc nutrition traits. For Edirne cultivar, zinc ratio transported to shoot and shoot relative dry matter content in lime-added media were identified as the best zinc nutrition traits. For Hamzadere cultivar, relative chlorophyll content in lime-free media was identified as the best zinc nutrition
Consumer Behaviour toward Food Labels and its Implication on Food Waste during COVID-19 Crisis in Tunisia
Get PDFThe coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak affected the whole world at different scales%253A politically, economically, and socially, including compromising food security. All over the world people experienced significant changes contributing to different reactions and attitudes%253A fear, anxiety, depression... Therefore, this pandemic has altered their behaviour. This research aimed to evaluate to which extent crisis situation, like COVID-19 pandemic, would affect consumers interest to food labels, and the consequences on food waste. An online survey of 295 Tunisian consumers was conducted three months after COVID-19 lockdown. The survey collected information on demographic data, extent of household food waste, use and knowledge of food labelling information and food waste assessment. The pandemic situation enhanced consumers interests to labels, as 61%25 of respondents stated to pay great attention to labels and to always check them. Elderly and university educated respondents are the most sensitive people to labels, in a COVID-19 context. Regarding understanding food labels, particularly date labels, Tunisian consumers still have some ambiguity as 33%25 could not provide correct answers about date labels definitions, which may lead to food spoilage and misuse. Interestingly, most of respondents declared to waste a low amount of food on post Covid-19 period. Their judgment in discarding a food product was based mostly on food storage considerations than on the use of date labels. These findings indicate the need of more effective communication about food labels, particularly date labels, in order to contribute in reducing household food waste, and potentially improving food security
Study of the Physicochemical and Bacteriological quality of surface water in the Oran Region
Get PDFWater is an essential resource. Its use for food, body hygiene or recreational requires a high level of physico-chemical, chemical and microbiological quality. The substances they transport are in fact likely to be ingested, inhaled, or to come into contact with the skin. Therefore, the analysis of eight parameters in addition to pH and which are the electrical conductivity, total phosphorus, chloride, Ammonium, Sulfate, Nitrate, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Matter in suspension (MES) as well as the analysis of total coliforms, faecal streptococci and clostridium were carried out on the waters of three lakes, Dayat Morsli, Telamine, and Gharabas, located in Northwestern Algeria in the Oran region. The results show that the three lakes are saline wetlands where total phosphorus is found at lower concentrations while chlorides, Ammonium and Sulfate are found at concentrations above standards. The pH of Lake Dayat Morsli, the Nitrate of Lake Telamine, the COD and the MES of Lakes Dayat Morsli and Telamine exceed international standards. These results could be used as a basis for the rehabilitation project of this wetland
Chemical, Microbiological and Sensory Properties of Acur (Cucumis Melo Var. Flexuosus) Pickles Produced Using Salt and Vinegar at Different Concentrations
Get PDFIn this research, it was aimed to determine some chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of acur pickles and to compare them with Turkish Standards and determine their differences. Chemical analyzes were determined pH of the acur pickle 3.27-3.99, salt 2.85-8.15%25, titration acidity 0.51-0.97%25, dry matter 4.80-8.35%25, vitamin C 4.15-6.81 mg%252F100mL, lactic acid 0.229-0.530 mg%252FmL, acetic acid 0.137-0.256 mg%252FmL, propionic acid 0.027-0.085 mg%252FmL%253B total mesophilic aerobic bacteria 1.1x102-3.5x102 cfu %252FmL, lactic acid bacteria 0.1x105-3.8x105 cfu %252F mL and yeast, 1.0x104-6.5x104 cfu %252F mL. It was determined that all acur pickles obtained were in conformity with TS 11112 standard
COVID-19%253A Impact of Service and Food Quality on Student Satisfaction and Food Wastage in a Tunisian Canteen
Get PDFThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to far-reaching health, social, and economic consequences. In order to secure the safety of students and staff, the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research has established general guidelines for University campuses including canteens, based on prevention and protective measures. Food wastage is a major global issue impairing food security. The objective of the present study was to evaluate these COVID-19 measures on food wastage in a Tunisian University canteen. Because of the COVID-19 crisis, the university canteen has changed their practices by setting up a meal bag service for lunch and dinner. Face to face interviews based on a structured questionnaire, were conducted during one month on 154 on 143 student respondents (mean age 23 years old, 76%25 women) in June 2020, after COVID-19 lockdown lifting. Interestingly the COVID-19 crisis has positively impacted the students awareness about food wastage since 28%25 of respondents declared not throwing away food and 55%25 claimed to have reduced their food waste levels. Most of respondents (72.4%25) have highly appreciated the new concept based on take-away. About 63.1%25 declared eating at least every other day at the canteen, and 67.8%25 going more often. Interestingly 93.1%25 claimed to have noticed improvements in the quality of food items. These changes were related to better food presentation (72%25 of respondents), better food safety (64%25), better overall sensory quality (36%25), whereas only 1%25 claimed not having observed any changes. Food quality service has been evaluated as very good by 45%25 of respondents, and quality of prepared foods as good by 43%25. However, although the COVID-19 measures allowed a reduction by 21%25 of self reported food wastage in the canteen, most of respondents (71.3%25) affirmed not finishing their plates. The most discarded dishes were soups (62%25 of respondents), stews (52%25), vegetables (48%25) and salad (45%25) whereas dairy products (65.4%25 of respondents), fruits (64.4%25), rice (51.9%25), Tunisian dish tajin (51.9%25) and chicken (50%25) were not wasted. In conclusion, our study has shown that providing good take-out meals has potential for reducing food wastage among students, strengthening the importance of food safety and convenience as effective tools for food waste prevention
In Vitro Efficacy of Native Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Western Flower Thrips Frankliniella Occidentalis (Pergande) of Tomato in Kenya
Get PDFTomato Solanum lycopersicum L. is an important crop in Kenya. Arthropod pests are major constraints to its production and farmers rely heavily on synthetic chemicals for control, which increases costs and leads to pollution of the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of native Kenyan fungi in managing thrips as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of native fungi against Frankliniella occidentalis collected from the tomato fields and maintained in the laboratory. The fungi were isolated from soil samples from tomato fields and identified based on their vegetative and reproductive structures. Treatments included fungal isolates and a control%253B replicated four times arranged in a completely randomized design. The effect of the fungal isolates on F. occidentalis was evaluated by treating thrips with concentrations of 1.0 x107conidia ml-1. Data on mortality of F. occidentalis was recorded daily for 10 days after treatment. Data on mortality of thrips was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SAS software version 9.4 to test the effect of different treatments. Means were separated using Student Newman-Keuls test at Ple%253B0.05. Gliocladium virens, Trichoderma virens, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma afroharzianum were more virulent causing mortalities above 50%25. Gliocladium virens was the most potent, causing 62.2%25 mortality in adults and 43.8%25 in nymphs at 1.0 x107 conidia ml-1. The findings showed that G. virens is a potential candidate for development as a fungal-based bio-pesticide against F. occidentalis on tomato
Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Potential and Color Properties of Dried Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFThis experiment was carried out in order to study the effects of drying on physical quality, color development, bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential of red peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Dry matter, surface color values (L*, a*, b*, h*, ∆E*, C*), extractable color (ASTA), non-enzymatic browning, total-carotenoids, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant potentials were measured for fresh and dried samples. Besides, rehydration rate was determined for dried samples. The L*, a*, b* values were used to calculate hue angle (h), chroma (C*) and color differences (∆E*).
Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant potentials were extracted by different solvents that were water, methanol and ethanol. TPC had differences for each solvent (plt%253B0.05) and water extracts had the highest value (178.1 mg GAE%252F 100g dw), followed by ethanol and methanol. Otherwise, TFC and antioxidant potentials had no significant differences according to solvents (p gt%253B0.05). Antioxidant potentials were evaluated with DPPH free radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. DPPH free radical scavenging activity showed significant moderately strong negative correlations with TPC (r%253D-0.958) and TFC (r%253D-0.821). A decreasing of color values is an expected value for dried samples and the results showed loss for all color measurements. L*, a* and b* values decreased because red pepper color became darker may be related to the carotenoids and the formation of browning compounds. As ASTA values decreased, hue angles increased, indicating color change slightly from red to orange hues. Physical examination of the rehydrated pepper samples resulted with displaying improved rehydration rate (5.95)