The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Yield and Yield-related Traits of Advanced Lines of Winter Barley
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at the Institute of Agriculture ndash%253B Karnobat, Southeastern Bulgaria in three growing seasons. Ten advanced lines developed by experimental mutagenesis along with parent line and standard varieties Obsor and Emon were laid out in a complete block design with 4 replications. Variability and heritability for yield-related traits and grain yield were studied. There were significant differences among advanced lines for all studied traits. Heritability in broad sense ranged from 48.51 %25 for grain weight per spike to 79.36 %25 for spike length. The grain yield of advanced lines was significantly higher compared to the parent and varied from 5.34 t%252Fha in M5%252F14 to 6.28 t%252Fha in M5%252F14. Moreover, lines M5%252F1, M5%252F3, M5%252F10, and M5%252F19 had higher grain yield than the high-yielding standard variety Emon. Hence, using these lines in the breeding program of winter barley could lead to the improvement of grain yield
Effect of Cultivation Conditions on the Growing Activity of Winter Barley Genotypes
Get PDFIn the period 2018-2020 in the Institute of Agriculture - Karnobat, Bulgaria the influence of growing conditions on the growth activity of winter barley genotypes was studied. The experiments were performed in field and laboratory experiments. In a field multifactorial experiment with 4 fertilization variants (N0%253A N8%253A N12%253A N16) and three sowing rates (250, 350 and 450 germinating seeds) the barley varieties Kuber, Sayra, Zemela and Bozhin were grown. The obtained seeds from the different variants were studied in a laboratory experiment by the method of rolls. From each variant 20 seeds are laid in 3 repetitions on filter paper. The rolls are immersed in water and after 10 days the length of the first leaf, the length of the coleoptile, the number of roots and their length are taken into account. It was found that there are proven differences in the indicators in the studied genotypes. On average for the years of study, the length of the first leaf and the length of the roots is the largest for the seeds obtained in the variant at a sowing rate of 450 germinating seeds and N8. With the largest length of coleoptile and the largest number of roots are the seeds of the variant with a sowing rate of 250 germinating seeds and N8. Analysis of the variant shows that the length of the first leaf, the coleoptile and the number of roots depend on the genotype. The strongest influence on the length of the roots have the conditions of the year. The interaction between the two factors strongly influences all the studied indicators. The interaction between the year, genotype, sowing rate and fertilization also has a great influence on the indicators of the length of the first leaf, coleoptile and roots
Innovative Value Addition in Tea (Camellia sinensis)%253A A Comparative Analysis between Sri Lanka and Japan
No full textSri Lanka is the third largest tea exporter in the world, but nearly 60%25 of its total exports are comprised of bulk tea. Bulk tea secures the lowest prices in world tea market. Sri Lanka earned an average value of US24.24 per kilogram over the same five-year period in Japan, a highly innovative tea-producing country. The objective of this study is to examine the root causes of product innovation in Sri Lanka, as compared to Japan, by conducting a historical analysis followed by a survey and key informant discussions. Sri Lanka has mainly focused on incremental innovations in blending, flavoring and packaging than radical innovations. About 98%25 of the tea produced in Sri Lanka is black tea, produced mainly in large scale-processing factories. The focus on economies of scale and heavy dependence on traditional product baskets and market destinations have bottlenecked product innovation capabilities in Sri Lanka. In contrast, Japan produces a large number of innovative beverage and non-non-beverage products. Their main beverage type is sencha (58%25), followed by many other beverages including gyokuro, kabusecha, matcha, tamaryokucha, black tea, oolong tea, fermented teas and white tea. The Japanese produce a variety of non-beverage products including confectionaries, snacks and cosmetics made from same tea plant that beverage tea is made from. Having a large number of processing factories (4698), Japans product innovation capabilities are mainly attributed to firm-level factors and support services. This study recommends that Sri Lanka should link together farmer organizations, processing factories, research institutes and universities to make its tea industry more innovative and flexible and consequently more profitable and sustainable. Foreign direct investment and partnerships presumably would be instrumental in bringing in much needed funding, expertise and advanced technology to stimulate product innovation
Rural Areas Redefinition
Get PDFRural development is the development of agriculture and non-agricultural employment in rural areas, increasing and differentiating incomes, taking measures to increase the education and entrepreneurship level of women and young people. The state, on the other hand, makes arrangements for rural development programs, projects and activities to achieve this and takes measures to ensure coordination between public institutions. In order to better manage rural areas and not to cause confusion in practice by the services brought by the institutions, the distinction of rural areas and the powers in these areas should be well defined. For this purpose%253B it is important to make the definition of rural areas effective in a way that does not cause problems in practice. The Law No. 6360 dated 12.11.2012 on the Establishment of the Metropolitan Municipality and Twenty-Seven Districts in Fourteen Provinces and the Amendment of Certain Laws and Statutory Decrees has been prepared by foreseeing that it will bring significant changes in rural area administrations. While the confusion about delivering services to rural areas in metropolitan municipalities continued after the local elections on 30.03.2014%253B tax, fee, drinking, wastewater use and obligations on some issues were put into effect after 5 years. On 16.10.2020, the regulation introduced by the Law No. 7254 on the Amendment of the Law on Public Finance Management and Control and Certain Laws could not fully clarify the issues such as rural neighborhood and rural residential area. And Then, In the Official Gazette dated 15.04.2021 and numbered 31455, it was thought that the Regulation on Rural Neighborhood and Rural Residential Area would solve the problems in practice. In this study, the issues of confusing rural area definitions, service delivery to rural areas and rural area regulations have been examined and suggestions have been put forward
Influence of the Promixan Probiotic on Productivity of Growing Pigs from the East Balkan Swine Breed
Get PDFAn experiment with growing pigs of the East Balkan pig breed was conducted at the Scientific Center for Agriculture in Sredets, Bulgaria. The animals were divided into two groups (trial - I group and control - II group) of 10 animals in a group or a total of 20 pigs. The experiment started immediately after weaning, at a live weight of 8.320 ndash%253B 8.390 kg and ended at 24.260 ndash%253B 23.340 kg live weight. The pigs were fed with cereals (barley and wheat in a ratio of 50%253A50) with a content of 13%25 crude protein in kg daily ration. Promixan probiotic was added to the feed of the first (trial) group in the amount of 50 g per 100 kg of feed.
The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of the probiotic Promixan on productivity and health in growing pigs of the East Balkan pig breed.
The addition of 50g per 100kg feed of Promixan probiotic to the ration of growing pigs (from 8.3-8.4 kg to 23.3-24.3 kg live weight) from the East Balkan swine breed significantly increased the growth intensity by 6.13%25 (P ˂ 0.01) and improved the feed conversion by 5.78%25
Agri-energy Crops for Biogas Production Regimes
Get PDFThe most significant challenges posed to agriculture are connecting multiple segments in a sustainable way that includes resource and energy efficiency as well as environmental protection through the rational use of limited resources. One way is to use field crop biomass as a feedstock for biogas production in the process of anaerobic digestion. Codigestion of manure and energy crops biomass reduces the impact on the environment primarily through reducing greenhouse gas emissions during the entire life cycle of the plant. Energy crops should meet the basic conditions%253A efficient conversion of solar energy in the process of photosynthesis that allows high yields, low requirements for nutrients and water due to a well-developed root system, low requirements for agronomic measures, low cost of establishing and maintaining plantations. The main factors that determine the biogas yields are the type and variety of crops, harvest time, method of storage and pretreatment before AD conversion and nutrient content. The most used field crops are maize (silage, grain), sorghum (fodder and sveet) due to their high potential for methane production and mature technologies. Lignocellulosic biomass of field residues of field crops or originating from purpose-grown perennial crops such as switchgrass, miscanthus, reed canary grass, Napier grass has significant environmental advantages but also technological limitations (pre-treatment is necessary). The success and future potential for the role of biogas technologies in integrated infrastructures providing bioenergy, biomethane for static and mobile applications, bio-CO2, and even play a key role in the circular economy by recycling nutrients back into the land through the use of digestate which is by-product as soil amendment in energy crops production chan
Docking Studies on the Effects of Some Bioactive Compounds from Pistacia atlantica Desf. against Main Protease SARS-CoV2
Get PDFNovel coronavirus which was named later as SARS-CoV2 appeared in Wuhan, China, in the end of December 2019. Actually, no precise drugs are existed and research concerning SARS-CoV2 treatment is deficient. SARS-CoV2 main protease (Mpro) was crystallized by Liu et al. (2020) and represented a crucial drug target. The present work aimed to evaluate some bioactive compounds from Pistacia atlantica as possible SARS-CoV2 Mpro inhibitors, based on molecular docking approach. Molecular docking was carried out using AutoDock Vina software. The results indicated that Beta-Eudesmol, Elemol, Verbenol, Pinocarvone, Myrtenal, Myrtenol and Trans-Carveol have a potential inhibitor activity of SARS-CoV2 Mpro. Nevertheless, further investigations are required to develop and optimize drug process to combat SARS-CoV2
Bacillus Strains as an Effective Treatment of Mobile Forms of Phosphorus in Bulgarian Soils
Get PDFStrains of genusBacillushave the potential to increase the availability of phosphorus to plants by the dissolution of inorganic phosphate, which favours the growth of plant species and that has an important economic and agricultural impact. Soils with low phosphate intensity (Lеаched chernozem) were enriched with poorly soluble phosphorus compounds and inoculated with the tested newly isolated strains from genusBacillus(Bacillus subtilisT 2,Bacillus amyloliquefaciensT 3,Bacillus subtilisT 4,Bacillus subtilisT 10,Bacillus thuringiensisT 17 andBacillus cereusТ 18). Six newly isolated strains from different regions in Bulgaria were identified by classical phenotypic techniques and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Tested strains were inoculated (2 ml and 15 ml) in the soil and incubated for 25 days at 28oC. After the incubation period, the degradation of phosphorite flour to available phosphorus was examined by the classical method of Egner-Riehm and by extraction with CaCl2.
A vegetation experiment was conducted with a test plant Pelargonium zonale, characterized by its ability to absorb large amounts of phosphorus. A peat substrate enriched with all macro-and microelements was used, and phosphorus was added to the medium in the form of phosphorite flour. The amounts of phosphorus absorbed by one plant Pelargonium zonale treated with newly isolated strains Bacillus subtilis T 10 and Bacillus cereus T 18 absorbed 23%25 more phosphorus than the control variant.
As a result of the experiments, it was found that the studied strains have a positive impact on the increase of phosphorus mobility in soils with low phosphate intensity treated with hardly degradable phosphors
Role of Perennial Herbs in the Development of Livestock in Ukraine
Get PDFThe article presents the state of production of perennial herbs in Ukraine, including in the south of the country. A significant reduction in the areas under these crops, and, consequently, in the gross harvest of hay, green mass for silage, haylage, grass flour, was established. The deterioration of the fodder base has been proven, which negatively affects the development of the livestock industry. A decrease in the number of farm animals was established, which affected the level of production of meat and dairy products of both cattle and sheep, goats, and also entailed a discrepancy between the consumption of meat and milk by the population and the rational norms of human nutrition
The Determination of Botanical Properties of Forage Kochia Population Grown in Konya Conditions
Get PDFAdverse soil and environmental factors cause a decrease in pasture yield in our country. Shrub species are given importance in breeding studies carried out in order to increase the yield in marginal pastures in the world. Forage kochia (Kochia prostrata), which is a naturally growing and semi-shrub in Turkey%252339%253Bs flora, shows tolerance to adverse soil and climatic conditions. This research was established in Konya in October 2017 according to the Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 replications. In the research, the morphological and yield values of the forage kochia populations collected from 5 different locations in Konya (i.e., Karapınar Kartal Kayaları, Bahri Dağdaş I.A.R.I, Campus Beltway-Selçuklu, Ardıçlı Rural- Selçuklu, and S.U.F.A. Forage Kochia Demonstration Garden) were examined during 2018-2019. We investigated the blooming time (Scoring), plant height (cm), canopy diameter (cm), number of branch, stem diameter (mm), shape of habitus (Scoring), leaf length (mm), leaf width (mm), color of anther and stigma (Scoring), fodder yield per plant (g) and hay yield per plant (g). In this study, the Campus Beltway- Selçuklu Population (3P) bloomed the earliest in this area between the end of August and early September (Score 5,36). Among the forage kochia populations showing semi-decumbent habitus (Score 7,05-7,63) the Karapınar Kartal Kayaları Population (1P) had the highest yield potential regarding plant height (i.e., 46,63 cm), canopy diameter (i.e., 50,50 cm), fodder yield per plant (i.e., 112 g), and hay yield per plant (i.e., 45,28 g). In line with the findings obtained in the study, while the Karapınar Kartal Kayaları Population (1P) and the Campus Beltway- Selçuklu Population (3P) stand out in terms of yield and yield components. These results show us that each population is a valuable gene resource in plant breeding for pasture improvement