The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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The Effect of Some Treatments on Seed and Plant on The Agricultural Characteristics of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and The L-DOPA (L-3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine) Content
Get PDFIn this research, 2 different doses of acetic acid (AA%253A 4%25, 40%25) were treated the seed before sowing%253B 2 different doses of humic acid (HA1 %253A2 L da-1 , HA2 %253A6 L da-1) and nitrogen (N%253A 5 kg da-1) treatments to the plant in the field were carried out in Strip-Plots Design in Samsun ecological conditions to determine the effects of faba bean agro-morphological, seed quality and L-DOPA content in flowers. According to the findings obtained, ıt was determined that the seed treatment had a statistically significant effect on the number of branches, pods, biological yield, seed yield and flower yield, and the 4%25 AA treatment gave better results compared to the control. HA and N as plant treatments showed a statistically significant and negative effect on the number of pods, biological yield and seed yield. The statistical effects of the treatments on the L-DOPA transferred to the herbal tea obtained from the flower were not found significant. However, it was determined that the AA treatment to the seed increased the ratio of L-DOPA in flower compared to the control. Therewithal, when the ratio of flowers was increased from 100 mg to 200 mg while preparing tea, there was an increase in the ratio of L-DOPA transferred to the tea water
The Effect of Different Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Doses on Seed Germination Properties of Some Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Cultivars
Get PDFIn this study, the effect of different doses (0 (control), 50, 100, 200 ppm) gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment on the germination properties of Arısoy (C1), Crawford (C2) and Samsoy (C3) soybean cultivars were investigated. The experiments were factorial arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. As a result of this study, final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI) value, germination energy (GE) value, seedling vigor index (SVI) value, seedling fresh weight (SFW), seedling dry weight (SDW) and seedling length (SL) were determined between 82-93%25, 3-4.43 days, 27.8-37.3, 72-93%25, 533-988, 0.57-0.71 g, 0.13-0.21 g, 6.5-10.6 cm, respectively. In terms of FGP, MGT, GI, GE, SVI, SL, SDW properties, a significant difference (Plt%253B0.01) was determined between cultivars, GA3 doses and cultivar x GA3 doses. Among the GA3 dose treatmens, FGP, GE, SVI, SL values with 100 ppm GA3 treatment and GI values with 150 ppm GA3 treatment reached the highest levels. MGT value was determined at the lowest 150 ppm GA3 treatment dose. Germination parameters were negatively affected with 200 ppm GA3 treatment dose. Responses of cultivars to GA3 doses were variable. In conclusion, seed priming with gibberellic acid (GA3) can be used to enhance germination properties of soybean cultivars
Study of Morphogenesis Relationships between the Racinary System and the Aerial Part in the Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) under the Different Hydric Regimes
Get PDFThe water deficit is considered as one of the main abiotic stresses affecting cereal productivity, especially durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) due to the scarcity of water resources, which is a staple food in our daily diet. The objective of this study is to assess the performance of two systems, root and aerial, under three water situations (100, 60 and 30 %25 RC) in five genotypes (Waha, Acsad 1361, Mexicali 75, Oued Zenati, Langlois), in order to establish a growth model for both parts under deficient conditions.
Collected data showed variations for each measured characteristics. These variations depended on the water regime and genotype considered. Structural modifications were measured for both adventitious and seminal root types. These changes relate to root elongation, which has been accompanied by a reduction in the rate of adventitious rhizogenesis. Anatomical transformations have also been recorded, such as the reduction in root diameter, which is explained by a decrease in the thickness of the cortical parenchyma. This transformation would favor a better circulation of the sap during its horizontal transport
Toxicity of Rosmarinus Officinalis Essential Oil to the Pest Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari%253A Tetranychidae) and its Predator Phytoseiulus Persimilis Athias-Henroit (Acari%253A Phytoseiidae)
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the chemical composition of Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiales%253A Lamiaceae) and its acaricidal effect on the pest mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari%253A Tetranychidae). and its predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henroit (Acari%253A Phytoseiidae). The analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted was carried out on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Three major compounds found in the essential of R. officinalis were alpha%253B-pinene (32.64%25), beta%253B-Humulene (8.71%25), and Camphene (5.95%25). The toxicity of R. officinalis oil was performed using inhalation bioassay on both T. urticae and its predator P. persimilis. The results obtained showed high toxicity on the mite than to its predator with a mortality rate of 80%25 and 16.11%25 respectively at the dose of 4%25. The fertility of females, the hatching of eggs, and the emergence of adults in T. urticae were also studied using contact bioassay where a total reduction of all three biological parameters was recorded at the dose of 4%25. Besides, the application of this oil will also allow the conservation of P. persimilis. Altogether, the combination of toxicity on T. urticae and preservation of its predator gives R. officinalis essential oil a propitious potential for the control of the pest mite T. urticae and maintenance of environmental balance
The Effects of In Ovo Injection of Propolis Extract to Breeder Eggs on Hatchability and Early Performance in Broilers
Get PDFThis research was conducted to determine the effects of in ovo injection of propolis extract into the amnion to breeder eggs on hatchability and early performance in broilers. For this purpose, a total of 250 Ross 308 broiler breeder hatching eggs were obtained from a commercial hatchery. Eggs were divided into four groups randomly, isotonic serum sodium (0.9%25) was injected at the level of 0.2 ml into the first group and there were used as positive control (PC) group, whereas there was no treatment on negative control (NC) group. Where the amount of 0.2 ml prepared mixture which is included %253 propolis extract were injected into low propolis (LP) group, 0.2 ml prepared mixture which is included %256 propolis extract were given into the high propolis group (HP). In ovo propolis extract injection resulted in a shorter hatching time compared with the control groups. The hatchability, hatching weight and survival of newly hatched chicks were not affected by in ovo injection of propolis extract according to our results. There were no differences between the control and treatmet groups in hatchability and embryonic mortality. The results indicated that except for the PC group chicks weights were similar at hatching day, but the later stage weights of chicks were started to significantly differ from each other and propolis groups have shown higher live weights than the controls at 5th and 10th day (Plt%253B0.05). All treatment groups exhibited greater weight gain from hatch to 10 d compared to the control groups. The results indicate that in ovo feeding of broiler embryos with propolis extract may have beneficial effects on day old chick weights and early growth rate
A review of the Current State of Soil Infertility and Management Options in Kenya%253A The Case of Maize Growing Regions
Get PDFInappropriate soil fertility management has caused fertility to decline considerably over the years leading to low maize yields despite the growing human population with high food demand in Kenya. Despite high nutrient mining, fertilizer use and adoption of soil fertility improvement practices have remained low among maize farmers in the country. At the current yield levels, maize crops extract over 40, 8, 40.6, and 5.4 kg of N, P, K, and S per growing season, respectively. These extracted nutrients must be replaced to avoid nutrient depletion. Maize crop response to secondary macronutrients (S, Ca, and Mg) and micronutrients (Zn and B) is evidenced, signifying that these nutrients have also reached critical levels in Kenya soils. The rate of replenishing these lost nutrients is still low, farmers apply an average of 43.25 kg of fertilizer per hectare per season. The situation is worsened further by increasing soil acidity- currently below pH 5.5 in most maize-growing regions. Poor agronomic practices applied by farmers directly reduce yields and facilitate other factors leading to nutrient losses. For example, farmers across the country recycle seeds, apply low fertility rates, and rarely keep their fields weed-free. These practices lower the capacity of the crops to tolerate the impact of other production constraints including infertility.
To realize yield improvement and return on investments, farmers must adapt and adopt crucial practices under integrated soil fertility management. Managing soil acidity should be the first approach to unlocking fixed nutrients. Fertilizer application should follow the right rate, right source, right time, and right placement approach. Also, improved cropping systems such as maize-legume rotation and intercropping should be considered for sustainable soil fertility management and crop production
Influence of the Immunomodulator AVIGEN to Broiler Chicken Humoral Immune Factors
Get PDFThe nonspecific immune response plays an important role in organism%252339%253Bs defense against a variety of pathogens. Two major factors in this process are blood serum lysozyme and alternative pathway of complement activation (APCA). Over the past few decades, the application of various substances, targeting improved levels of natural immunity have become part of the mainstream trends in livestock rearing programs. The current study examined the influence of the polybacterial immunomodulator AVIGEN on the performance of the aforementioned immune factors among broiler chicken hybrids. The experimental group demonstrated better overall performance for both parameters of interest. APCA activity for the treated group (549.10plusmn%253B19.69 CH50) was significantly higher compared to the result obtained for the controls (377.40plusmn%253B9.58 CH50), (Plt%253B0.001). Results for the other parameter were even more indicative. The measured concentration of the serum lysozyme for the treated group was twice as high compared to the control birds - 6.17plusmn%253B0.49 mg%252FL vs. 2.99plusmn%253B0.27 mg%252FL, respectively. Therefore, the introduction of the AVIGEN immunomodulator to animals%252339%253B diet has strong potential to improve natural humoral immunity in poultry farming
Impact of Sowing Dates on Forage Value of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Under Semi-arid Conditions
Get PDFThis study was aimed to determine forage value of quinoa at the different sowing dates under semi-arid conditions. Research was conducted according to randomized complete blocks design with three replicates in Harran plain conditions in 2016, Sanliurfa, Turkey. Q-52 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) variety was used as plant material. In the study 9 different sowing dates were used such as 15 February, 1 March, 15 March, 1 April, 15 April, 1 May, 15 May, 1 June and 15 June. In the research plant height, stem diameter, number of branches per plant, biomass yield, dry forage yield and harvest index were investigated. As a result of the research, statistically significant differences were seen between sowing dates at tested characteristics (Ple%253B0.01). As a result of the research, statistically significant differences were seen between sowing dates at tested characteristics (Ple%253B0.01). Plant height ranged from 81.8 cm to 109.4 cm, stem diameter from 9.0 mm to 12.6 mm, number of branches per plant from 10.3 to 12.7 number. The highest biomass yield was obtained from 1 April sowing date with 1751.40 kg da-1 whereas the lowest biomass yield was seen at June 15 sowing date with 1295.28 kg da-1. Dry matter yield values were between 415.8 (15 February) and 546.88 kg da-1 (1 April). Harvest index values were between 39.3%25 and 42.0%25. Quinoa yield characteristics in generally increased from 15 February to 1 April sowing dates, but after 1 April sowing dates decreased. Higher values were obtained from April and May sowing dates. The most suitable planting date for quinoa plant in semi-arid climatic conditions was determined as 1 April and can be recommended in similar ecologies
The Effects of Monochromatic Lighting on Hatch Window and Hatching Performance in Broiler Breeder Eggs
Get PDFIn this study, the effects of monochromatic lighting on egg weight loss, embryonic mortality, hatch window and hatching performance were investigated. The number of eggs used in the experiment was a total of 780 (Ross-308 genotype). Eggs were randomly assigned to 3 groups. 1) Control group%253A Eggs were incubated in dark, 2) Green light group%253A 560 nm (wavelength from 535 to 585 nm), 3) Red light group%253A 670 nm (wavelength from 640 to 690 nm). During the first 18 days of the incubation period, continuous illumination of 0.1-0.2 lx intensity was provided with LEDs placed on both sides of the trays. The light transmission was prevented by blank trays coated with greenhouse covering material which has 75%25 shading feature placed among experiment groups. In this way, light transmission to other trays and any possible hitches of air circulation was prevented. There was no difference between examined egg weights of the treatment groups in the experiment, but its found that significant difference in egg weight loss for both colours of light. Red light and control groups (15.00%25 and 11.92%25) show a similar embryonic mortality rate, while the green light group has a lower embryonic mortality rate (5.00%25) than these groups. The effects of monochromatic lighting on the hatching time were significant (Chi-squarelt%253B0.05). Although there was no significant difference between hatching performance parameters of the control and red light treatment groups in the experiment, the green light group had better hatching efficiency than the other groups. The findings of this research were carried out with two different light wavelengths are remarkable for showing that the significant effects of the monochromatic illumination on hatching results
Application of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis and Cause and Effect analysis for honey production in Tunisia%253A A case study
Get PDFIn Tunisia, apiculture represents a growing strategic sector. In fact, honey production increased from 220 tons in 1970 to 2500 tons in 2020. However, this sector still suffers, as worldwide, from a lack of traceability and a risk of fraud which can impact honey quality. To guarantee food safety, farmers and food processors need to base their efforts on risk analysis. Failure mode and effect analysis (FEMA) is a safety and reliable analysis tool%253A it allows the identification of failures that could happen on a system and provides their effects and consequences. Conducting risk analysis during honey production would reduce incidents, contribute to risk management associated with the honey human consumption, save costs and improve competitiveness in the market. This research was conducted within a large scale honey production unit (1500 modern beehives) in Nabeul governorate (north-east of Tunisia). FMEA model was applied in conjunction with cause-and-effect analysis for the risk assessment of honey production. Potential failure modes and effects as well as their possible causes were identified in the honey process flow. Criticality of each failure was calculated taking into account risk, frequency and gravity. Qualitative diagnosis during honey process flow revealed 56%25 of nonconformities, based mainly on failures of implementation of good hygiene and good farming practices. Moreover, highest criticality was attributed to the presence of humid honey frames, honey rehumidification, microbiological contamination, fermentation and ineffectiveness of cleaning. Based on the FMEA analysis, an improvement plan for all stages was suggested with an emphasis on rising employees awareness and training