The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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The Effect of Months of the Year, Recorded by a Smart Bee Device, on the Temperature and Relative Humidity of Beehives and Broods
Get PDFThreats from different origins are affecting agriculture in general and beekeeping in particular. Climate change, diseases, the use of pesticides, insecticides, thefts and genetic erosion due to random crossing of exotic and native strains. Internet of Things (IoT) devices have found many applications to reduce these threats, including the honeybees sector. They consist of embedded sensing, computing, and communication devices, connected to the Internet through specific lightweight messaging protocols. A SmartBee%2B Device, developed by Beekeeper Tech (www.smartbeekeeper.com) was used and honeybees information have been gathered during three years period 2020-2021, from over 100 in-field beehives. Each beehive was set up at a different location in Tunisia, France and New Zealand. A SmartBee%2B device connects to one beehive and operates in several modes%253A the Monitoring mode, the Transhumance mode, the Tracking mode, and the hibernate mode. Two embedded sensors and two external sensors measured the hives main parameters%253A The inner beehive%252339%253Bs temperature and relative humidity and the Brood%252339%253Bs temperature and its relative Humidity. In addition, the hive%252339%253Bs location is recorded with a GPS module. A total of 51444 and 50671 temperature and relative humidity records from the hives and 8756 records of the temperature and relative humidity at the brood level were used in this study, analyzed and results presented and discussed. Main results showed how honeybees workers mitigate the heat burden at the brood level by increasing their temperature till 7deg%253BC in winter and decreasing the brood temperature by 8 deg%253BC in summer hot months. Breeding values of queens, based on their endothermic mechanism trait, can be predicted to improve their ability to cope with extreme temperatures and select well-adapted strains. These improvements will affect positively the majority of small beehives keepers in the world by reducing the loss of their colonies
Diurnal Variations of Essential Oil Content and Composition of Satureja cilicica P.H. Davis under Culture Conditions
Get PDFSatureja (Lamiaceae) species are aromatic plants used to produce essential oil and aromatic water in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, and Satureja cilicica P.H. Davis is an endemic species for Turkey. This study was conducted to determine the effects of diurnal variability on essential oil (EO) content and components of Satureja cilicica in the Ermenek district%252FTurkey in 2021. During the day, four different harvest times were considered as follows%253A 7%253A30 and 10%253A30 a.m., 01%253A30 and 4%253A30 p.m. at the flowering stage. The aerial parts of harvested plants were dried in the shade. The greatest and least EO contents of S. cilicica aerial parts were obtained at 4%253A30 p.m. (0.61%25) and 1%253A30 p.m. (0.32%25), respectively. The results of the analysis revealed that the major components of essential oils of S. cilicica are p-cymene (19.24-40.04%25), carvacrol (16.42-29.59%25), thymol (10.04-19.34%25), gamma%253B-terpinene (4.92-12.94 %25) and linalool (4-42-6.53%25). In this study, it was determined that the best harvest time for optimum essential oil content and chemical properties was the cool hours of the day
The Effect of Oxidized Fish Oil on Blood Parameters and Liver Histology of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Get PDFFish oil is a virtually unique source of natural LC omega-3 fatty acids EPA, DPA, and DHA, as an important source of lipid in aquafeeds. However during processing and storage, fish oil is prone to oxidation. The oxidized oil has many negative effects on the growth and health of farmed fish, therefore this study was conducted to investigate the effect of oxidized anchovy oil on blood parameters and liver histology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nile tilapia fingerlings with an initial average body weight of (15.07plusmn%253B0.58 g) were stocked in nine fiberglass tanks (with a tank capacity of 120 liters) in three groups in triplicates at a density of 50 fish%252Ftank. Fish were fed with three test diets containing 35%25 crude protein and 8%25 crude fat (POV%253A 4.85, 50.10, and 100.80 meq%252Fkg-1) twice a day at a feeding rate of 3%25 of their body weight per day for 12 weeks. During the experiment fish blood parameters analysis, and liver histology tests were performed on 3 fish taken randomly from each tank at the beginning of the experiment and monthly. The results of blood chemistry analysis showed better results in the group fed with feed that contained fresh oil (A) compared to groups fed with feeds that contained oxidized oils (B and C), but no significant differences (P gt%253B 0.05) between feed groups. Whereas the results of serum biochemical analysis showed significant differences (P gt%253B 0.05) between feed groups during the experiment period, oxidized fish oil increased serum ALT, AST activity, and TCHO level (P lt%253B 0.05), and decreased ALP activity. The liver histology test showed the best results in group A compared to oxidized oil groups (B, C), oxidized fish oil caused damage to the liver structure, and hepatocyte nuclear migration and lipid droplets were observed in liver samples from the oxidized oil groups. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that oxidized fish oil may have a negative effect on the liver histology and blood parameters of Nile tilapia fingerlings
Comparison of Drought Tolerance of Some Wheat Varieties Grown in Turkey
Get PDFThe effect of drought stress on 21 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties were screened at the germination stage for drought tolerance. Four levels of osmotic stress was assessed by applying different polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000%253B 0%25, 10%25, 15%25 and 20%25 (w%252Fv)) concentrations. Germination rate, root-shoot length, total chlorophyll amount (SPAD), specific leaf area (SLA), relative water content (RWC), superoxide anion (O2.ˉ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation were determined on the 8th day after sowing.
The increased osmotic stress, significantly reduced germination rate, root-shoot length, SLA, chlorophyll amount and RWC in KateA-1, Gelibolu and Sultan-95 varieties. Pehlivan, Karahan-99 and Tekirdağ varieties were less affected by osmotic stress and these varieties were determined as drought tolerant varieties than other varieties
Genotypes by Environment Interaction of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes on Yield and Quality Parameters under Rainfed Conditions
Get PDFThe significant genotype (G) by environment (E) interaction and genetic diversity in the breeding programs are an essential issue for the breeder to develop new cultivars. The experiment was conducted in the Trakia region, Turkey at five environments during the 2015-2016 growing cycles. In the study, 25 advanced genotypes were used in randomized complete block design with four replications. Data on grain yield, days to heading, plant height, 1000-kernel weight, test weight, protein ratio, wet gluten content, gluten index, hardness, and sedimentation value were investigated. The results of variance analyses showed that there were significant differences (Plt%253B0.01) among genotypes based on all parameters investigated. Genotypes when tested across different environmental conditions often showed significant variation in grain yield. Mean grain yield across five locations ranged from the highest 6673 kg ha-1 to the smallest 5008 kg ha-1. Burgaz location was found near the ideal test environment of the average environment coordination. Therefore, location Burgaz should be regarded as the most suitable to select widely adapted genotypes. With the longest vectors from the origin, environments Edirne1 and Edirne2 were the most discriminating location. Considering simultaneously mean yield and stability, G7 and G12 were the best genotypes. G3 is more ideal genotype because it is located in the ideal center. So these genotypes can be used as for the evaluation of bread wheat genotypes in the region. With the longest vectors from the origin, traits plant height, gluten index and protein ratio was the most discriminating parameters. In the evaluation of genotypes, G2 and Pehlivan are quite stable because they are located close to the center of the horizontal axis. Genotype G3 is very favourable because it is located near the center of the horizontal axis and on all traits. G7, G24 and Aldane are located above the axis vertical genotypes are desirable based on parameters profiles
Comparative Expression Profiles of SUVH7 in Sexual and Apomict Boechera spp. Display Differential Expression
Get PDFGenomic imprinting is parent-of-origin specific gene expression in embryo nourishing tissues endosperm and placenta in flowering plants and mammals, respectively. Seeds are formed with double fertilization in flowering plants and the endosperm has a 3n chromosome set with the contribution of 2 maternal and 1 paternal genome. Any deviation from this ratio (2m%2B1p) results in seed abortion in many species, however, apomict species modify their gametogenesis or fertilization to survive. Boechera divaricarpa is a diploid apomict plant species that can produce seeds with a 4m%253A1p parental genome ratio in endosperm and produce viable seeds. SUVH7, on the other hand, is a histone methyltransferase that has a catalytic SET domain responsible for epigenetic control of gene expression. In this study, we characterized the structures of the SUVH7 gene and compared the mRNA levels of SUVH7 in diploid apomict and sexual Boechera spp. in unopened immature buds and manually pollinated siliques representing the -pre and -post pollination stages, respectively. The expression level of SUVH7 in apomict B. divaricarpa has reached the max level 48 hours later following pollination, while in sexual B. stricta its expression level has dramatically decreased. Therefore, our study suggests the importance of epigenetic reprogramming in apomicts during seed development since chromatin marks via SUVH7 are commonly associated with the activation of transcription in plants
Food Waste Volume, Origin and Causes%253A Case Study in a Tunisian University Canteen
No full textFood waste reduction strategy involves a quantification of food waste generation. This work aimed to evaluate the volume and the type of post consumption food waste and to identify its main causes in a university canteen (INAT, Tunis, Tunisia). Based on a direct method, wasted food was weighed with an electronic scale, during 23 working days. Three main food groups were quantified%253A prepared food (PF), plate waste (PW), which is the amount of food rejected by students and left on their plates, and non-served food (NS), which is the amount of food not distributed to diners and remaining in the serving bowls. Daily direct quantification has revealed that average meals served was 209 kg%252Fday, whereas as average food daily waste was 15.90 %25 of PF, 0.074 kg per student and 13.4%25 of PF were non-served. The average index of waste%252Fconsumption was approximately 17 %25, and classified as bad, and the per capita plate was 29.3 g. The daily quantities of food waste varied from 0 to 15 kg. The most rejected foodstuffs were stews (25.3%25), pasta and cereal products (20.7%25), and especially bread with a waste percentage of 43%25. Cause and effect diagram coupled with interviews and survey allowed identifying principal causes for the food waste generation%253A perceived sensory quality, poor food presentation, poor menu planning and poor management of the fluctuation of the students number (the quantities served were not adjusted) as well as customers behaviours and habits. The cost of this food waste was estimated to 15.2%25 of the canteen annual budget. Potential interventions for food waste preventions are discussed
Determination of ATP1A1 Gene Polymorphism in the Turkish Holstein Cattle
Get PDFHeat stress is an important factor negatively affecting the productive characteristics, immune response and reproductive performance of livestock. Sustainable livestock systems that can tolerate the impact of increasing environmental temperature are very important to ensure global food security. Oxidative stress triggered by heat stress influences plasma Na and K levels in cattle. The ATP1A1 gene encodes the alpha%253B1 isoform that forms the transmembrane subunit of the NA,K ATPase enzyme. The alpha%253B subunit plays a major role in maintaining sodium-potassium homeostasis in all animal cells. The aim of the study was to determine ATP1A1 gene polymorphisms in Turkish Holstein cattle. The target regions (intron 17 and exon 18) were amplified and sequenced in 50 Turkish Holstein cattle. Multiple alignments revealed three SNP. rs109703332 Agt%253BG and rs110455455 Cgt%253BT were detected in intron 17 and a synonymous SNP rs110256520 Cgt%253BA in exon 18. It was observed that the three SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with each other and therefore had the same genotype and allele frequencies. The three SNPs were found to be highly linked in one haplotype block. This haplotype block consisted of 2 haplotypes (CCA and ATG). The frequency of the CCA haplotype was 0.860 and the ATG was 0.140. Individuals of Holstein cattle tolerate heat stress to different levels. This difference between individuals may be due to variations in the genes involved in the adaptation mechanism. Therefore, it is important to identify polymorphisms in genes involved in the heat stress tolerance mechanism. In conclusion, in this study, the three SNPs and the two haplotypes were determined on the ATP1A1 gene in Turkish Holsteins cattle
Technological Characteristic of Cabernet Sauvignon Wine Produced from Organically Grown Grapes
Get PDFThe opportunities for organic growing of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety in the region of the town of Pleven, Central Northern Bulgaria, were studied during the period 2017-2020. Conventional and organic plant protection measures against the diseases downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (Oidium tuckeri) were undertaken in the experimental plantations. In the organic cultivation of the variety, the products Funguran OH 50 WP and Thiovit Jet 80 WG were used, with seven treatments carried out annually. In the conventional cultivation, five or six combined treatments were applied. In the period of technological maturity, a minor attack of downy mildew and powdery mildew was found on the foliage and the clusters in both variants. The damage index from both diseases was higher in the organic production, but the differences found did not have a significant impact on the quality of the grape harvest. In the organic grape-growing, the amount of the input elemental Cu was strictly monitored. A technological characteristic of the Cabernet Sauvignon wines obtained from both growing variants was made. The difference in the main indicators of the grapes chemical composition was insignificant. The average rate of sugars, total acidity and glucoacidimetric index was similar. No significant differences were observed in the ratios of most indicators of the wines chemical composition. The contents of alcohol, sugars, total acidity and extract in the samples of both variants were identical. More differences stood out relating the total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and colour intensity, as their rates were higher in the conventional wines. Due to their better taste and color features, these samples had higher tasting scores and were superior in their organoleptic qualities compared to the organic wines
An Exploratory Insight into Young Tunisian Consumers Perception of Sustainable Diet
Get PDFSustainable diets are defined as diets with low environmental impacts which contribute to food and nutrition security and to healthy life for present and future generations. The objective of this research was to investigate attitudes and behaviors of young Tunisian consumers toward sustainable diet. A sample of 309 Tunisian consumers aged between 20-30 years old was surveyed online. Respondents were asked about their demographic characteristics, their diet, and their concerns about environment and sustainability. Results showed that 91.6%25 of respondents expressed their interest to environmental issues. For 70.6%25 whenever it is possible, they declared adopting a sustainable diet. However, 17.8 %25 of respondents believed that a sustainable diet is expensive and this is dedicated to consumers with financial resources%253A this highlighted a misunderstanding related to different dimensions of sustainable diet. In this context, further efforts through education and communication need to be conducte