The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Optimal Propagation and Rooting Mediums in Rubus spp. by in Vitro Micropropagation
Get PDFRubus spp. is a shrub-form plant known for its fruits called blackberries. Blackberries are plants with high commercial value, delicious taste, nice aroma, and high nutritional value. Turkey has wealthy genetic origins of Rubus species. Conventionally, the trading propagation of Rubus plants is done as vegetatively, utilizing truncation, rooting, or stratuming. However, these traditional methods are time-consuming and inefficient in virus-free plant production. Cloning of plant grown in the tissue culture also enables to obtain virus-free plants and to provide fast replicating high standard plants. Rubus obtained by micropropagation is used for the formation of commercial fruit plantations as well as source plant formation. In this work, the aim is the development of in vitro micropropagation process of the wild Rubus in the Trakya Region. Proliferation from axillary buds was made by adding BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), NAA (Naphthalinacetic acid) and GA3 (Gibberellic acid) in various combinations and concentrations to the MS medium. Rooting was successfully realized with 83.3%25 rooted plants in 1 IBA medium. No roots were seen in 0 MS. The survival rate of plants transferred to ex vitro conditions was 100%25
Detection and the Prevalence of Prune Dwarf Virus (PDV) in Important Cherry Plantations of the Eastern Mediterranean Region by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR Analyzes
Get PDFIn this study, the prevalence of PDV, which infects cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees and is among the important viral pathogens in Adana, Kahramanmaraş and Osmaniye provinces where cherry is extensively produced in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey, was investigated. A total of 173 cherry leaf samples with and without symptoms collected from Adana, Kahramanmaraş and Osmaniye provinces were tested by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR methods. PDV was not detected in all samples tested by the DAS-ELISA method. As a result of the tests performed with RT-PCR, 874 bp long nucleotide sequences belonging to the coat protein gene region of the 15 samples were obtained and found positive. After the sequences were obtained, they were compared with the sequences from Turkey and the sequences of PDV reference isolates registered in GenBank. As a result of BLASTn analysis, it was determined that the Turkish PDV cherry isolates showed similarity between 89.58-99.32%25 at the nucleotide level with the PDV reference sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the obtained isolates was performed and their relationship with PDV cherry isolates in the world and Turkey was determined
Growth-Development, Yield and Quality Characteristics of Aronia Varieties Grown in Pots
Get PDFThis study was carried out to determine the growth, development, yield and some quality characteristics of Nero and Viking Aronia varieties grown in open field and pot in Samsun ecological conditions. Three-year-old Aronia plants were planted in 80-liter pots containing a 1%253A1%253A1 (v%252Fv) mixture (barnyard manure%2Bsoil%2Bsand) and 5 plants were included in each replication. Number of shoots, flower buds and clusters, berry weight (g), yield (g%252Fplant), firmness (N), number of fruits per cluster, must yield (ml%252F100g), TSSS (%25) and pH values were measured in Aronia cultivars. In addition, monthly shoot growth rate (cm%252Fmonth) was determined and phenological observations recorded. According to Viking and Nero Aronia varieties, the number of shoots (7.8 and 7.6 pieces), the number of flower buds (22.63 and 22.85 pieces), the number of clusters (45.06 and 44.80 pieces), the weight of berry (0.82 and 0.79 g), the fruit number in the bunch (21.45 and 21.53 pieces), berry firmness (4.90 and 5.35 N), amount of must (49.67 and 54.00 ml%252F100 g) and TSS (17.07 and 16.47) and pH values (3.65 and 3.52) were found to be close to each other. Bud burst (10 March), flowering (26 April), berry set (12 May) and harvest time (24 August) were also similar in cultivars. It was also revealed that while the shoot length was 97.47 cm and 95.47 cm on March 11, respectively, in Viking and Nero varieties, it reached 124.73 and 120.73 cm in August, five months later
Consumers Preferences for Drinking Water in Istanbul City
Get PDFWater is an indispensable resource for living things to survive. In addition to its direct consumption, water is also used in the preparation of foods necessary for eating and drinking. Therefore, it is extremely important that the water used is drinkable, healthy and safe. The aim of this study is to determine the place of network water as drinking water in consumer preferences. In accordance this purpose, an online questionnaire was prepared with 274 participants from different age groups, including students from Yıldız Technical University (YTU) Department of Environmental Engineering and their relatives and neighbours, including different ages and occupational groups. With this questionnaire, the factors affecting their water preferences and water usage profiles were determined. As a result of the survey, 54.1%25 of the participants use carboy water, 33.8%25 use pet bottle water, 12.1%25 use network water. The criteria that consumers pay attention to in their water preferences are taste, smell, color, cleanliness and the amount of mineral substances in the water, respectively. The reasons for preferring the carboy water, which is preferred by the majority, are that they find the carboy water cleaner and safer and that it tastes better. On the other hand, participants who preferred tap water stated that 33.3%25 of them preferred this water because its clean and reliable properties, 33.3%25 of it was affordable and 22.2%25 of it was easily accessible. When the degree of trust in the network water was questioned, 12.2%25 of the participants said that they found the network water safe, 40.5%25 did not find it safe and 47.3%25 said they were not sure. In addition, when the participants ranked carboy water, pet bottle water and network water according to the degree of reliability, the network water was found to be reliable with a large rate of 89.2%25. 35.1%25 of the respondents stated that they would prefer to drink tap water if the Water Administration periodically discloses their water quality reports and indicates that the network water is clean enoug
Investigation of the Relationship Between the Pod Properties and Quality Values of Some Bean Varieties
Get PDFIt is important to know the quality values of the products in terms of production and consumption of plant-based foods, and at the same time, it brings the examined product to the forefront in terms of production and consumption. For this reason, 11 commercial bean varieties were grown as the first crop in Kahramanmaraş ecological conditions in 2018, and in this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between the pod characteristics and quality values of 11 commercial bean varieties. In the study, the correlations between bean cultivars%252339%253B pod setting time, pod length, grain yield per plant, thousand-seed weight, pod ratio per plant, protein ratio, oil ratio and starch ratio, as well as all correlations between investigated characteristics were also investigated. It was determined that there were statistically significant (plt%253B 0.01) differences between bean cultivars in terms of pod setting time, pod length, thousand-seed weight, pod ratio and protein content per plant, and significant (plt%253B 0.05) differences in grain yield and oil content per plant. It was noted that there was no significant difference between bean varieties in terms of starch rati
Assessment of the Genetic Structure and Diversity of Orobanche cumana populations from Turkey Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Get PDFOrobanche cumana Wallr. known as sunflower broomrape is a holoparasitic plant that causes huge yield losses in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) fields. Genetic characterization, genetic diversity, and race determination studies in O. cumana are very significant for preventing threats in sunflower fields. In this study, the broomrape populations sampled from Edirne, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ, and Adana provinces were used for genetic characterization. The sensitive Özdemirbey sunflower variety was used for growing O. cumana individuals. Eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci (Ocum52, Ocum70, Ocum81, Ocum87, Ocum108, Ocum141, Ocum160, and Ocum196) were used for the evaluation of genetic characterization and diversity of broomrape populations. All studied SSR loci were found to be polymorphic and yielded a total of 22 alleles in 143 samples analyzed. Na %253D 2.089 (mean number of alleles per locus), Ne %253D 1.390 (mean effective alleles), I %253D 0.392 (mean Shannons information index), Ho %253D 0.156 (mean observed heterozygosity), He %253D 0.239 (mean expected heterozygosity), and PIC %253D 0.228 (mean polymorphic information content) were calculated to assess genetic diversity of O. cumana populations.. As a result of molecular variance analysis, it was concluded that found that the genetic diversity of the populations was 38%25 among the population. The remaining 23%25 and 39%25 were due to among individuals and within individuals, respectively. The UPGMA method and STRUCTURE analysis divided the studied populations into 2 groups. Cluster I included LK2013, HT2016, T2018, and LE2013 populations, while group 2 included AE2003, AD2018, and MT2013 populations. The results we obtained have enabled us to reach important genetic diversity information about O. cumana, and the information obtained will provide important contributions for planned studies in the future
Comparison of Two Methods of Predicting 305-day Milk Yield for Genetic Evaluation to Design a Tunisian Holstein Reference Population
Get PDFVarious standardized milk yield prediction methods have been developed and used. The objective of this study was to compare two methods for the estimation of 305-day milk yield inthe Holstein breed, in terms of breeding values and their accuracy. Genetic evaluations of milk yield were compared using%253A 1) adjusted total lactation yield for days in milk, month, and age at calving (adjusted TY305) or 2) adjusted305-day milk yieldestimated by fitting test-day(TD) records to the Wood model(adjusted WY305).The method with better ability to predict standardized milk yield was used to identify a Tunisian cow reference population toward genomic evaluation of milk trait. Three datasets were used. The first data contains 380709 TD records corresponding to 34281 three first lactations of 20758 cows collected between 2008 and 2018 in 33 herds. The second dataset contains 11175 total first three lactation yields recorded between 2012 and 2017 from 6251 cows belonging to 33 herds.The third data is a pedigree file of 27487 males and females. The predictive ability of the two methods was assessed by Spearmans rank correlation between predicted breeding values for 305-day milk yield (PBV305) from the full dataset and reduced dataset in which the records from the last calving year were masked. The two methods were compared in terms of rank correlation between PBV305 and the percentage of selected animals in common when different selection intensities were applied based on PBV305.The average gain in accuracy was calculated and a Tunisian reference population was identified. The results showed that heritability estimates were 0.11 (plusmn%253B0.02) and 0.13 (plusmn%253B0.01) for adjusted WY305 and TY305, respectively. The highest correlation for PBVs between full data and reduced data was achieved in TY305 dataset. Rank correlations between PBV305 estimated for adjusted WY305 and TY305 were 0.67. The percentage of animals selected in common was 11%25 or 21%25, respectively, when 1 or 5%25 of cows were chosen as future dams of bulls, according to PBVs. An average gain in accuracy of 15%25 was observed for cows when using adjusted TY305 to estimate PBVs for milk yield trait. The obtained results showed that adjustments applied to the total milk yield records could be appropriate for 305-day milk yield prediction and genetic evaluation of milk production in the Tunisian Holstein population. Based on two main designs (extreme yield and top accuracy), a total of 1000 cows were selected to form the Tunisian female reference population using adjusted TY305 records
Investigation of the Effects of Using Plastic Instead of Aluminum in Tractor Engines, Intercooler Tanks on Engine Performance
Get PDFIn recent years, researchers have been working on more environmentally friendly engine systems and the efficient use of depleting fuel resources. One of these research topics is intercoolers used in turbocharged engines. Intercooler tanks are generally made of aluminum due to their good heat transfer coefficient. In this study, the suitability of the use of plastic tanks was investigated by examining the engine performance changes as a result of using plastic instead of aluminum, which is the traditional material, in the intercooler tanks of an 81 kW Perkins tractor engine. For this purpose, experiments were carried out at 1400 and 2200 rpm for intercoolers with both materials. According to the results obtained from the experiments, a 0.62%25 torque increase was obtained at 1400 rpm in the engine with a plastic tank material intercooler compared to the engine with an aluminum material intercooler. According to the data obtained from the experiments carried out at 2200 rpm, a power increase of 0.74%25 was determined. Similarly, it was determined that the effects of parameters such as radiator upper and lower hose temperatures, turbo inlet and outlet air temperatures, and intake manifold inlet temperature on engine performance were negligible. According to these findings, it has been determined that if the tanks of the intercoolers are plastic, there will be a negligible performance loss compared to the traditional material aluminum. Plastic is lighter, cheaper, and easier to manufacture than aluminum. Considering the production and operating conditions, it was concluded that such materials should be researched and developed by manufacturers
Corn Production and Corn Seed Market in Kazakhstan
Get PDFAgriculture is the strategic economic sector in Kazakhstan that requires further modernization and introduction of innovative practices to boost the agricultural production in the country. Though wheat and barley are main crops among Kazakhstani farmers, alternative crops like oilseeds, corn, vegetables, fruits, etc. contribute to the countrys gross agricultural product and food security. The corn production in Kazakhstan was rarely elucidated or discussed in the academic community. Though, this crop is an essential income source for many farmers in the southern Kazakhstan. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to shed light on the status, development, and perspectives of corn production in Kazakhstan with a focus on its seed market. The corn production area in Kazakhstan was around 301 thousand hectares in 2021, from which grain corn production comprised 63%25 and silage corn was 37%25. The leading area of corn production in Kazakhstan was Almaty region. The region alone contributed 50%25 of grain corn in the country. Corn seeds of more than 25 originators were sold to Kazakhstani farmers in 2021. The latter planted more than 150 various corn hybrid varieties. 60%25 of all corn seeds were imported. The slow modernization of available equipment and agricultural practices were essential handicaps in quick and successful development of Kazakhstani farmers. The research about corn, corn production, corn market, and corn seed market in Kazakhstan is very limited. Therefore, further detailed studies in this field are necessary to illuminate various aspects of corn growing in Kazakhstan for international academic community
Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Leaves and Flowers of Faba bean
Get PDFToday, medicinal plants used in folk medicine are increasingly being researched and used in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical fields, and food. Despite its nutritional and medicinal properties, Vicia faba is a legume whose value is not fully understood. More research is needed on its multiple biological effects, such as antioxidant activity and other aspects. The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from faba bean leaves and flowers. For this purpose, leaf and flower samples, which were dried in the open air and ground into fine powder, were extracted by steeping in boiling water for ten minutes. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity of the extracts were analyzed using spectrophotometric techniques. In addition, organic acid and phenolic compound contents were determined by high performance liquid chromatography technique. It was determined that the total phenolic, total flavonoid and antioxidant contents of faba bean flowers were higher than the leaves. The main phenolic compound in flowers and leaves is ellagic acid. In addition, cytotoxic effects of leaf and flower extracts were investigated by colorimetric test using CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) kit. The cytotoxic effects of leaf and flower extracts of faba bean were investigated by colorimetric test using CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) kit. No cytotoxic effect of faba bean extracts was observed. Faba bean is a good source of natural antioxidants and can be used to prevent harmful effects caused by free radicals. Therefore, this study shows that tea prepared from the leaves and flowers of faba bean may be a good choice for people with Parkinson%252339%253Bs and those seeking health-promoting beverages