The International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research (IJIAAR) / Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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Contract Farming in Buckwheat Cultivation
Get PDFContract farming is a deal between a producer and a buyer regarding cultivation of an agricultural product characteristically. In reality, terms and conditions of these contracts can alter dramatically. It can refer to those arrangements involving public firms, government organisations or NGOs and can also refer to private schemes. In this paper, it is only focused on contract farming on arrangements between farmers and private actors. In recent years, buckwheat has gained increasing notice as a promising functional food, owing to its several human health issues and lack of gluten. This study examines buckwheat farmers involvement in contract farming in districts of Gümüşhane province which is in the northeast of Turkey. An empirical analysis of the contract farming regarding the buckwheat farmers and postharvest practice has been provided. The survey was conducted in Kelkit, Köse and Şiran districts as only production places of the buckwheat in the province. Data collected from 30 farmers who are engaged in contract farming model. According to data, issues of the contract farming, marketing channels of the buckwheat and perspectives of the farmers for the buckwheat production with contract farming are addressed. The findings of this study reveal that the contract farming model, mostly eliminates the marketing-related concerns of the farmers in the region. Perceive benefits derivable from beginning to buckwheat contract farming was measured based on the following proposals (the commitments to purchase product, the market guarantee, the compliance with the contract terms, purchasing at the agreed price and timely payment) was evaluated using 5 point likert scale. As a result, buckwheat contract farmers should be monitored by the contract buyer for the continuity of the production
A Review about Using Bioactive Compounds-Rich Microalgae as Pigments
Get PDFMicroalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with different morphological, physiological, and genetic characteristics. Microalgae, which grow in fresh and salt water, have an important role in the aquatic ecosystem due to their photosynthetic properties. Microalgae-derived bioactive components are produced as primary metabolism sources, such as proteins, various fatty acids, vitamins, or secondary metabolism products. Various microalgae can produce different bioactive compounds. Frequently studied microalgae can be listed as%253B Spirulina sp. (phycocyanin, tocopherols, phenolic acids), Haematococcus pluvialis (lutein, oleic acid, beta carotene), Chlorella sp. (carotenoids, eicosapentaenoic acid) and Dunaliella (trans-betacarotene, oleic acid, linolenic acid). It has been reported that these microalgae can be used in a wide variety of areas and can gain new uses day by day. They have antioxidative, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, and anticarcinogenic effects with their important bioactive components. Their antioxidant properties are of great interest in industrial applications. Microalgae have different colors due to their pigment contents and gain coloring properties. These properties emerge through various pigments called chlorophyll Chlorophyll is the green pigment and plays an important role in the photosynthesis of microalgae. microalgae species can produce different chlorophyll variants, making them appear in different colors. In addition to chlorophyll, the coloring properties of microalgae emerge through other pigments. For example, Microalgae also contain carotenoids with a red, orange, or yellow color and phycobilins with a blue, green, or red color. These various pigments and their coloring properties allow microalgae to be used in industrial, agricultural, and biotechnological applications
Root Architecture and Development of American Grape Rootstocks Grafted with Foxy Grapes (Vitis labrusca L.) Cultivars
Get PDFOne of the important factors affecting rootstock performance in grafted grapevine production is root structure and its ability for different soil. In the present study, foxy grape varieties registered for the first time in the Black Sea Region in Turkey by the selection, and several American grape rootstocks were bench grafted. In this study%253B it is aimed to examine the root architecture of foxy grape grafted saplings for their root architecture and the development of rootstocks. In the experiment lsquo%253BRizessi, lsquo%253BÇeliksu, lsquo%253BÜlkemiz and lsquo%253BRizellim foxy grape cultivars grafted on 140Ru, SO4 and 110R rootstocks. WinRhizo root analysis program (Regent Instrument Inc. Canada, ver.2013) was used to determine rootstocks%252339%253B architecture and development of grafted vine saplings. Roots prepared for scanning were placed on the scanning part of the device and transferred to the computer context. Root length and mean root diameter are two of the essential features that reveal the root architecture of rootstocks. In the study, root length (cm), root surface area (cm2), root diameter (mm), root volume (cm3), root tip number (piece), root branching number (piece), and root intersection number (piece) were determined. Total root length was determined between 330.05 - 595.40 cm (%252339%253BRizellim%252339%253B%252FSO4 and %252339%253BÇeliksu%252339%253B%252F140Ru) and mean root diameter of 2.04 - 3.13 mm (%252339%253BÇeliksu%252339%253B%252F140Ru and %252339%253BRizessi%252339%253B%252F110R). Negative relationships were found between root length and mean root diameter. Among the rootstocks, the highest root surface area was 399.67 cm2, root volume was 29.32 m3, the number of root tips was 1605.75, the number of root forks was 5421.89, and the number of root crossing was 671.61 on 110R rootstock. In all combinations obtained as a result of the study, it was determined that the rootstocks showed good root development and were in harmony with the new foxy grape cultivars
The Effect of Sloping the Grinder Body of the Meat-Mincer Machines on the Reduction of Microorganism and Chemical Residuals after Cleaning-A Newly Design
Get PDFHygiene is critical for human health, particularly in locations where industrial meat products are produced. One of the most common causes of contamination in the meat sector is meat grinders, which are notoriously difficult to clean. As a result, eliminating the water that has accumulated in the body is critical for the meat grinders%252339%253B hygiene. In the presented study the effect of tilting the neck region after grinder body washing on total bacterial growth, pH, and pathogens in a meat grinder functioning regularly in a workplace was investigated. The machine was cleaned, then set to the predetermined angle value and the sample was taken 5 minutes later. The machine was maintained at this angle value for 15 hours, then swab was taken before the morning began. swab samples were taken after cleaning and pre-production at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 degrees slopes. When the results were combined, it was discovered that about 30%25 decrease in the overall number of bacteria was observed with a 30-degree tilt. Since there is no antigen in the neck region after the cleaning, there is no salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. The pH level approached that of the cleaning water, eliminating the cleaning chemicals%252339%253B impact
Studies of Inheritance and Heterosis for Quantitative Traits in Diallel F1 Crosses in Tobacco
Get PDFThis paper studies the inheritance and heterotic effect in ten F1 crosses obtained by one-way diallel crossing between five parent genotypes%253A MV-1, P 76%252F86, Adiyaman, Basma-Cebel and P 66 9 7, for the following quantitative traits%253A number of leaves per stalk, length of leaves from the middle belt of the stalk and yield of green leaf mass per stalk and per hectare. The experiment was placed on the experimental field at the Scientific Institute for Tobacco - Prilep by random block system in 4 repetitions in the period from 2018 and 2019. During the vegetation period of the tobacco in the fields, all the usual agro-technical measures were applied. The aim of this work was to study the mode of inheritance of the quantitative traits, to detect heterosis in F1 generation and assess its economic viability. Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences between parents and their hybrids for traits in the two years of investigation. The most common way of inheritance of the traits is the partial-dominant, then the intermediate. Negative heterotic effect on the number of leaves per stalk has in P 76%252F86 x P 66 9 7. The hybrids MV-1 x Adiyaman, P 76%252F86 x Basma-Cebel, P 76%252F86 x P 66 9 7 and Basma-Cebel x P 66 9 7 have a positive heterotic effect on the length of the leaves. For the yield of green leaf mass per stalk and per hectare positive heterosis have Oriental hybrids where one of the parents is the variety P 66 9 7. Research provides very useful guidance for future successive selection activities
Determination of Heavy Metal Contamination with Soil and Plant Samples (Pinus sylvestris) on roadside and intersections in Erzurum%252FTurkey
Get PDFIn this research, heavy metal contamination of both soil and plant samples collected from 11 different locations where Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) was grown on was determined. The soil and plant samples were obtained both during January and August 2008 year and then heavy metal contents were analyzed in the labarotory. Heavy metal contens of plant and soil samples were compared by using standard values. The results showed that there were statistical differences among all elements considering both locations and sampling points. The soils sampled from 11 different locations analysed and the results indicated that some heavy metals were over critical levels. Fe and Cu in 100.yıl park, Cu in all 11 locations and Zn in 100. yıl park, Yenişehir and Havuzbaşı ıntersection were over critical level. On the other hand, Pb, Cd and Ni were within the normal limits in all sampling areas. In plant samples, Fe and Cu in all the sampling areas during both January and August, Cu during January and August only in the Migros ıntersection and Station ıntersection , Mn in January in all the locations, Zn in January in between Havuz Basi and Universite Roundabout were found over the limit value. Pb was found higher over the limit values in Havuzbaşı ıntersection, Tebrizkapı ıntersection, Migros ıntersection and Kayak road in January. Ni found over the limit value in Gez ıntersection, Yenisehir ıntersection and Kayak road ıntersection during January
Effect of the Dietary Royal Jelly Supplementation in Ewes of Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population on the Body Weight of the Lambs and the Milk Composition
Get PDFThe aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of the royal jelly supplementation in the diet of ewes from Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population on the body weight of the lambs and the milk composition. The trial was carried out with 20 ewes and their lambs, reared in the experimental sheep farm of the Institute of Animal Science- Kostinbrod, Bulgaria and lasted 30 days during the suckling period. The animals had the same date of lambing and lambs body weight, and were divided into two groups, each containing 10 ewes. The feeding was according to the standards for this category of ruminants with ad libitum access to water, as each ewe from the supplemented group received twice a week 300 mg freeze dried royal jelly. The body weight of the lambs was controlled at the beginning and at the end of the trial period, and the weight gain was calculated. The chemical and the fatty acid composition of the milk was measured in individual samples. The fatty acid composition was used to calculate the atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI) indices. The live weight (LW) and the average daily gain (ADG) differed between the groups of lambs according to the dietary royal jelly supplementation. The lambs of the ewes that had received the supplement displayed higher LW (P%253D0.0138) and ADG (P%253D0.0062). The physicochemical composition of the milk showed lower fat content (P%253D0.0142) and higher density (P%253D0.0200) in the ewes receiving royal jelly. Significant increase of C18%253A0 and decrease of C17%253A1 proportion was observed. Additionally, the contents of the polyunsaturated С20%253A4n-6, С22%253A5n-3 and C22%253A6n-3 was considerably diminished in the milk of the group that received royal jelly. The results so far demonstrated the potential of the royal jelly to manipulate the fatty acid profile of the ewes milk
Bioremediation Performance of Sphingomonas melonis and Bacillus muralis on Herbicide Diquot Dipremide-(ethylene-d4)
Get PDFBioremediation is a process that utilizes the degradation potential of microorganism to provide a cost-effective and reliable approach for pesticide biodegradation. For this purpose, chosen bacteria Sphingomonas melonis and Bacillus muralis were isolated from an agricultural soil sample. The biodegradation performance of these isolated bacteria at different Diquot Dipremide-(ethylene-d4) (DDE4) herbicide concentrations (250, 500 and 1000 ppm) was investigated under submerged culture conditions. Biodegradation performance of isolated bacteria was monitored with COD, TOC and, BOD5 reduction rates in culture medium at different incubation periods. According to the results%253B S. melonis has the highest bioremediation capacity for COD removal (91%25 at 250 ppm). For TOC, B. muralis has the highest removal rate as 82%25 at 250 ppm. On the other hand, For BOD5 at 250 ppm 85%25 S. melonis showed the best removal performance. Most effective removal rate at 250 ppm concentrations was obtained as 91%25 and 88 by S. melonis and B. muralis respectively at the end of the 216th hour for COD. Additionally, the increase in turbidity related with population dynamics at the end of the 216 th hour positively effected the bioremediation parameters included COD, TOC and BOD5 reductions. These results showed that it can be used for effective COD, TOC and BOD5 removal in S. melonis and B. muralis on DDE4 remediation
Reproductive Performances of Livestock Goats in Sahelian Region of Africa
Get PDFThe aim of this work was to determinate the reproductive performances of kidirmini goats in the farming systems of the south western of Chad. A total of 3599 local goats of Kirdimi breed in 2 farming systems was used in the study%253A the semi-extensive (n%253D2747) and the traditional extensive system (n%253D852). The age at the first farrowing, the farrowing interval and the cull age were calculated. The fecundity, fertility and prolificacy rates were also estimated in each farming systems. Results showed that the age at the first farrowing, the farrowing interval, the fertility and the fecundity rates did not differ between the systems. The cull age was higher in the traditional extensive system compared to that of the semi extensive system (plt%253B0.05). However, the prolificacy rate was higher in the semi extensive system compared to the traditional extensive system (plt%253B0.05). In conclusion, most of reproductive performances did not differ between the two goat farming systems. Despite the constraints of the region, reproductive performances of local goats in Sahelian region of Africa are considered acceptable compared to other regions. Thus, Kdirmini goat is a suitable breed in this region that requires good breeding practices to enhance a sustainable productivity
Investigation of the Effect of Different Phosphorus and Nitrogen Doses Applied to Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plant on Vegetative Characteristic and Grain Yield
Get PDFThis study was carried out in Kahramanmaras conditions in 2020 in order to determine the effects of different phosphorus and nitrogen doses on the vegetative characteristics and grain yield of Goksun bean variety. Four different doses of nitrogen (0, 4 , 8, 12 kg da-1) and four different doses of phosphorus (0, 3, 6, 9 kg da-1) were used in the experiment. In the conducted research, flowering day duration, first pod height, plant height, number of branches, maturation day time and grain yield per decare of bean plant were investigated. According to the results of the analysis of variance, different phosphorus and nitrogen applications during the flowering day and the interactions of these applications with each other were found to be insignificant. As the nitrogen dose increased, the first pod height, plant height and number of branches increased, and the nitrogen dose was found to be important at the rate of 1%25 for these characteristics. Phosphorus doses applied for the same properties did not make a significant difference. It was determined that different doses of phosphorus and nitrogen applied to Goksun bean cultivar did not make a statistically significant difference on maturation day time. The lowest grain yield was obtained from the application of 171.561 kg da-1 to 0 kg da-1 nitrogen dose, the highest grain yield was obtained from the application of 254.025 kg-1 to 8 kg -1 nitrogen dose. Grain yields obtained from different doses of phosphorus (0, 3, 6, 9 kg da-1) varied between 191.682 ndash%253B 237.641 kg da-1 . Different phosphorus dosage applications did not make a statistical difference in terms of grain yield. In the study carried out, the highest grain yield was obtained as 288.124 kg da-1 from the interaction of 8 kg da-1 nitrogen application and 6 kg da-1 phosphorus application