Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Effective Use of Teaching Methods in Shaping Students\u27 Communicative Competence
No full textThe article is about the ways, tasks, work that is necessary to form communicative competencies among students of a comprehensive secondary school. The formation of moral norms in a situation of communicative interaction among schoolchildren is determined
Exploring the Antiproliferative Potential of Gishta (Annona sps.) Through Cutting-Edge in Silico Molecular Docking Techniques
Full text linkThe search for new and effective compounds with antiproliferative activity has got a great attention in cancer research, as conventional treatments often face limitations such as toxicity, resistance, and side effects. Among the diverse sources of natural compounds, Annona muricata, commonly known as graviola, has received a great focus because of its traditional use in folk medicine and emerging evidence supporting its anticancer potential. Graviola is rich in various bioactive constituents, like acetogenins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which have exhibited the activities like antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antitumor effects. The present study focussed on an in silico approach to investigate the antiproliferative activity of graviola by using molecular docking techniques to explore the interactions between several key bioactive compounds derived from graviola and important cancer-related targets such as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Protein Kinase B (Akt), and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4). The findings revealed promising binding affinities and suggesting that these compounds could potentially inhibit the activity of the cancer-related proteins. The preliminary results suggest that graviola holds significant promise in the fight against cancer. The further relevant studies can validate the efficacy and safety of these compounds
Effect of Buchanania Lanzan Bark Extract on Hyperlipidemia and Obesity Against High Fat-Diet Induced Obesity in Rats
Full text linkThe present study was investigated about the hyperlipidemia and anti-obesity effect of Buchanania Lanzan bark extract on rats fed with High Fat-diet. Experimental study of high fat diet induced obesity, hyperlipidaemia, insulin insensitivity and increased atherogenic index. The control rat continued to receive either a control diet or high fat diet, and the treatment groups were fed high fat diet with methanol extract of Buchanania Lanzan bark (200 mg/kg bw) and aqueous extract of Buchanania Lanzan bark (200 mg/kg bw) and high fat diet with orlistat (standard drug). In result treatment with methanol extract of Buchanania Lanzan bark with feed material decreased the weight gain, normalized the hyperlipidaemia and reduced the serum cholesterol level and hypothyroidism. Consumption of methanol extract of Buchanania Lanzan bark supplementation can be adopted as a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of high fat diet induced obesity problems
Anticipatory Monitoring of Chronic Kidney Disease Awareness, Prevalence, and Risk Factors among Diabetes & Hypertensive Patients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Full text linkIntroduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), a growing global health concern linked primarily to diabetes and hypertension, often progresses silently, highlighting the need for early detection and awareness to prevent complications.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess patient awareness, prevalence, and risk factors of chronic kidney disease among diabetes mellitus and hypertensive patients.
Methods: A six-month cross-sectional study (Nov 2023–Apr 2024) was conducted among 192 diabetic and hypertensive patients at a tertiary hospital. Adults ≥18 years on regular follow-up were included, excluding those with CKD, short follow-up, pregnancy, critical illness, or incomplete records. Data were collected using a questionnaire on CKD knowledge (11 items) and attitude (6 items). Awareness was defined as having both average knowledge and a positive attitude. CKD was classified using eGFR (CKD-EPI) and albuminuria per KDIGO guidelines. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used, with p < 0.05 as significant.
Results: Among the 192 patients with both diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The mean age was 65 years, 36.5% showed average CKD knowledge, and 67.7% had a negative attitude towards early detection, with a 40.6% CKD prevalence overall. Significant CKD predictors included age, duration of diabetes and hypertension, knowledge level, attitude, uncontrolled blood pressure, and medication use, with ACEI use being protective and longer DM and hypertension durations increasing CKD odds.
Conclusions: Our study highlights the critical importance of early detection and proactive management of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) among individuals with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The significant association between these conditions and CKD underscores the need for regular monitoring and comprehensive patient education to mitigate disease progression and reduce associated morbidity and mortality
Evaluation of Quality of Obturation using Two Different Root Canal Drying Methods during Pulpectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Full text linkIntroduction: Drying the root canals in pulp therapy is often ignored, but is essential for a successful clinical outcome. Due to certain shortcomings of various root canal drying methods, a new Novel suction aspirator with apical broach was designed.
Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of drying the prepared root canals by Novel suction aspirator with apical broach and conventional paper points on quality of obturation using Coll and Sadrian criteria.
Methods: 20 children aged 5-8 years with prepared primary molar root canals indicated for pulpectomy were randomly divided into two groups based on drying method employed, Group 1- Novel Suction aspirator with apical broach and Group 2- Absorbent Paper points. After obturation with Metapex, the quality of obturation was determined using Coll and Sadrian criteria in both the groups. Chi-square test was used for comparing difference in proportions in two independent groups for qualitative variables.
Results: 80% teeth showed optimal filling with group 1 compared to 30% teeth in group 2 (p value=0.025). 90% teeth in group 1 showed no voids in obturation compared to 60% teeth in group 2 (p=0.021).
Conclusions: Significant results were found in Coll and Sadrian’s criteria of apical filling and voids criteria, concluding that a Novel suction aspirator with apical broach can be used as a more cheaper and effective alternative root canal drying technique to absorbent paper points
In-Vitro Study of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Polyherbal Asava Formulation
Full text linkIntroduction: The current research was conducted to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of a polyherbal Asava preparation consisting of ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale), fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and amla fruits (Emblica officinalis). Asava is a natural fermented liquid Ayurvedic formulation that increases the extraction and bioavailability of phytoconstituents.
Methods: The Asava was made by fermenting the herbal blend for 30 days with flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa as a natural source of wild yeast and jaggery as a fermentable sugar. The fermentation resulted in self-production of alcohol, which served as a preservative as well as a solvent to enhance the extraction of phytoconstituents. The yeasts naturally occurring on the flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa played a vital role in initiating and maintaining the fermentation.
Results: The resultant polyherbal Asava was rich in bioactive constituents. Synergistic interactions between the component herbs were assumed to augment its therapeutic activity, especially in terms of anti-inflammatory activity. Fermentation helped in enhanced bioavailability of the phytoconstituents.
Conclusions: This fermented polyherbal Asava extract shows promising therapeutic potential as an alternative natural preparation for the treatment of inflammatory ailments. Its boosted bioavailability as well as the synergistic outcome underscores the advantage of fermented plant products in pharmacotherapy. This traditional remedy justifies further study to confirm its efficacy and guide its development towards a standardized pharmaceutical herbal product
Association Between Serum Lactate Levels and Mortality in Acute Poisoning Cases: A Prospective Observational Study
Full text linkBackground: Acute poisoning represents a significant global health concern with substantial morbidity and mortality. Early prognostication is crucial for appropriate resource allocation and aggressive management. Serum lactate, a marker of tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia has shown promise as a predictor of outcomes in various critical illnesses. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum lactate levels and mortality in patients with acute poisoning.
Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted on 324 patients with acute poisoning admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital between January 2024 and December 2024. Serum lactate levels were measured at admission and 6 hours post-admission. Demographic data, poisoning characteristics, clinical parameters, and outcome measures were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine optimal lactate cutoff values for predicting mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of mortality.
Results: The overall mortality rate was 12.3% (40/324). The mean initial serum lactate level was significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (7.9 ± 3.2 mmol/L vs. 2.8 ± 1.9 mmol/L, p<0.001). Lactate clearance at 6 hours was significantly lower in non-survivors (15.3 ± 8.7% vs. 38.6 ± 15.2%, p<0.001). ROC curve analysis yielded an area under curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79-0.93) for initial lactate levels, with an optimal cutoff value of 4.5 mmol/L (sensitivity 84.6%, specificity 79.3%). Multivariate analysis identified initial serum lactate ≥4.5 mmol/L (OR 5.87, 95% CI: 2.31-14.92, p<0.001) and lactate clearance <20% at 6 hours (OR 4.23, 95% CI: 1.82-9.84, p=0.001) as independent predictors of mortality, after adjusting for age, toxin type, time to presentation, and Glasgow Coma Scale score.
Conclusion: Elevated serum lactate levels at admission and poor lactate clearance at 6 hours are significantly associated with increased mortality in acute poisoning cases. Serum lactate could serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker for risk stratification and early intervention in poisoning management
Anti Inflammatory Properties of Terbium Doped Hydroxyapatite Crystals for Biomedical Applications - In Vitro Study
Full text linkObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of terbium-doped hydroxyapatite (Tb-HAp) in vitro, with the goal of determining its ability to attenuate inflammation and improve the biocompatibility of HA-based biomaterials for bone and dental applications.
Materials and Methods: Tb-HAp was synthesized using the coprecipitation method with varying concentrations of terbium (0%–10%). Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed through three assays: protein denaturation inhibition, heat-induced hemolysis (membrane stabilization), and trypsin inhibition, with aspirin used as the positive control.
Results: In the protein denaturation inhibition assay, Tb-HAp exhibited a dose-dependent increase in inhibition. At 100 µg/mL, inhibition was 36.15%, which rose to 85.95% at 500 µg/mL. The IC50 value was calculated to be 259.67±1.47 µg/mL, indicating that higher concentrations were required to inhibit 50% of protein denaturation. In comparison, aspirin at 100 µg/mL showed a higher inhibition of 95.69%. The heat-induced hemolysis assay showed a similar dose-dependent response. At 100 µg/mL, inhibition was 39.24%, which increased to 81.74% at 500 µg/mL, with an IC50 of 194.41±1.83 µg/mL. Aspirin at 100 µg/mL achieved 94.43% inhibition, indicating superior membrane stabilization. Lastly, the trypsin inhibition assay revealed a dose-dependent increase in inhibition, starting at 16.46% at 100 µg/mL and reaching 70.05% at 500 µg/mL. The IC50 for this assay was 350.14±1.56 µg/mL, while aspirin showed 94.01% inhibition at 100 µg/mL, outperforming Tb-HAp at the same concentration.
Conclusion: Tb-HAp demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in all three assays, showing a dose-dependent response. While it was less potent than aspirin, it displayed potential for improving the biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials. These findings suggest that Tb-HAp could be an effective material for reducing inflammation and enhancing tissue integration in biomedical and dental application
Microplastics in Dentistry: A Narrative Review on Sources, Risks, and Sustainable Practices
Full text linkMicroplastics (MPs), defined as plastic particles less than 5 mm in size, are pervasive environmental contaminants with significant ecological and health implications. While much attention has been focused on the presence of microplastics in marine environments, air, and food chains, their occurrence and generation in healthcare settings, particularly in dentistry, have received limited investigation. Dentistry relies heavily on synthetic materials, including resin composites, acrylics, and impression materials, which contribute to microplastic generation during clinical procedures such as grinding, polishing, and trimming. Additionally, single-use plastic items, digital technologies, and improper waste disposal practices further exacerbate the problem. This narrative review explores the various sources of microplastics in dental practice, including dental materials, clinical procedures, and waste management, highlighting their potential routes of human exposure and environmental impact. Microplastics generated in dental settings may enter the body through inhalation, oral contact, ingestion, or even systemic absorption via nanoplastics, posing unknown long-term health risks. Furthermore, the environmental consequences are significant, with MPs contributing to pollution in waterways, landfills, and ecosystems, where they can accumulate in food chains and affect biodiversity. To address these concerns, the review discusses several strategies for reducing microplastic pollution, including the adoption of eco-friendly materials, the implementation of waste filtration and water management systems, and the reduction of single-use plastics. Additionally, the need for education and training among dental professionals, as well as research and regulatory changes, is emphasized to promote sustainable practices. Ultimately, this review underscores the importance of addressing the dental sector\u27s role in microplastic pollution, offering practical solutions to help reduce its environmental footprint and improve sustainability in dental practice
Physiological Changes in the Patients Undergoing Third Molar Surgery Under Local Anesthesia - A Prospective Pilot Study
Full text linkPurpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the physiological changes associated with stress in patients undergoing third molar surgery under local anesthesia. Despite adequate anaesthetic administration, patients often experience significant emotional stress. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effect of stress on the physiological parameters during the surgical procedure.
Materials and Methods: It was a pilot study conducted in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, in the Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Chennai. The healthy ASA I adult patients, aged more than 18 years, having mesioangular impacted mandibular third molar (MIMM), level 1, class A were included in this study. Patients taking analgesics within 72 hours and active pericoronitis have been excluded from the study. A standardized surgical protocol was followed, including a single experienced surgeon performing all extractions using a modified ward’s incision, bone guttering, and planned tooth sectioning if necessary. Patient physiological parameters like blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, pulse rate along with pain perception using VAS score, were recorded at baseline, stimulation, and recovery phases. To validate the physiological changes, a comparative analysis between objective physiological data and subjective pain scores was conducted using IBM SPSS version 23 to assess the accuracy and sensitivity of the novel method.
Results: Systolic blood pressure showed a gradual increase from preoperative to 90 minutes postoperative, and Diastolic blood pressure slightly decreased up to 60 minutes and returned to near baseline at 90 minutes. However, neither of these changes was statistically significant. Respiratory rate remained comparable throughout the observation period with no significant variation (P = 0.12). Oxygen saturation (SpO₂) levels gradually increased over time, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.005; post hoc P = 0.031). Pain scores, measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), progressively decreased from preoperative to 90 minutes postoperative. These reductions in pain scores were statistically significant at multiple intervals, including between preoperative and 30 minutes (P = 0.001), 60 and 90 minutes (P = 0.019), 60 and 90 minutes (P = 0.019), and preoperative to 90 minutes (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the stress related to third molar surgery may influence subjective pain perception, like the VAS score. However, their impact on objective physiological parameters like blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and pulse rate was minimal