Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Comprehensive Evaluation of Inosine’s Neuroprotective Potential in Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer’s-Like Pathology in Wistar Rats: Behavioral, Biochemical and Molecular Insights
Full text linkAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive decline and neuroinflammation, necessitating innovative treatments. This study assessed the neuroprotective efficacy of inosine (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cognitive impairment in male Wistar rats, with Donepezil (5 mg/kg) as a positive control. Thirty rats were randomized into six groups: Vehicle Control, STZ Disease Control, STZ + Donepezil, and STZ + Inosine (three doses). STZ (3 mg/kg, i.c.v.) was administered on Day 1, followed by daily oral treatments for 20 days. Neurobehavioral tests (Morris Water Maze, Y-Maze, Passive Avoidance Test, Elevated Plus Maze) and biochemical assays (TNF-α, IL-1β, BDNF, glutamate, GABA) evaluated cognitive function, anxiety, inflammation, neurotrophic support, and neurotransmitter balance. STZ induced significant cognitive deficits, anxiety-like behavior, elevated proinflammatory cytokines, reduced BDNF, and neurotransmitter imbalances. Donepezil significantly ameliorated all parameters. Inosine demonstrated dose-dependent improvements, with the 300 mg/kg dose nearly matching Donepezil’s efficacy, enhancing memory, reducing anxiety, suppressing inflammation, restoring BDNF, and normalizing neurotransmitter levels (Haskó et al., 2004). ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc tests confirmed significant group differences (p < 0.05). These results highlight inosine’s potential as a multifaceted therapeutic for AD, warranting further preclinical and clinical investigation
Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticle using M.indica and their anticancer activity against MCF-7
Full text linkThis work provides a safe, affordable and eco-friendly method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from leaves of Mangifera indica. The noticeable shift in colour from pale yellow to reddish-brown signifies a fast synthesis of AgNP. Validation of AgNPs was confirmed by a UV-Visible spectrum, FTIR, and DLS analysis. X-ray diffraction confirms the crystalline nature of AgNPs, and FESEM images show spherical, agglomerated nanoparticles. EDX analysis confirms metallic silver with elemental constituents of 50.03% silver and 49.97% oxygen, affirming successful silver ion reduction, that indicates good efficacy of M. indica leaf extract as a capping agent. AgNPs exhibited good inhibition zone against E. coli, Streptococcus sp, and Staphylococcus sp (15 mm, 13 mm & 14 mm). AgNPs indicating potent cytotoxicity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with a significant 14% reduction in cell viability at 250 μl.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i3.823
“Comparison of General and Regional Anesthesia in Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgeries: Recovery and Pain Outcomes”
Full text linkIntroduction: Laparoscopic surgery has become the gold standard for the surgical care of several benign gynecological illnesses, such as endometriosis, leiomyoma, adhesions, and infertility, because of its "minimally invasive" nature, which reduces surgical damage, discomfort, and hospitalization time. In this study, we aimed to compare general anesthesia with regional anesthesia in laparoscopic gynecological surgeries in terms of pain outcomes and recovery.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2023 to June 2024. This study included 100 patients who underwent laparoscopic gynecological surgeries and were then divided into two groups: Group A- Patients who received regional anesthesia, such as SAB (Subarachnoid block), and Group B- Patients who received general anesthesia.
Result: The baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups, with no significant differences in mean age, BMI, parity, ASA status, or indications for surgery. Postoperatively, the GA group had significantly higher MAP (99.37 ± 8.62 mmHg vs. 90.04 ± 8.36 mmHg, p = 0.041) and longer hospital stays (5.0 ± 1.1 days vs. 4.5 ± 0.6 days, p = 0.001). Pain scores at 8 hours postoperatively were significantly lower in the RA Group (2.17 ± 1.97 vs. 3.93 ± 1.53, p = 0.002). The RA group reported fewer complications, with a higher proportion of patients experiencing no complications (62% vs. 56%).
Conclusion: This study showed that regional anesthesia demonstrated better postoperative outcomes, including shorter hospital stays, lower pain scores at 8 hours, and fewer complications, compared to general anesthesia. These findings suggest that RA may be a preferable option for laparoscopic gynecological surgical procedures
A Smart Walking Stick
Full text linkRecent advances in technology have enabled elderly citizens to access and utilize a broad variety of services to facilitate their independence. This paper introduces the smart walking stick using ultrasonic sensors and Arduino for the visually impaired. The visually disabled individuals usually rely on the help of other people, trained dogs, or specialized electronic appliances as decision-making support systems. We shall provide an illustration of how to develop and use a model that will assist patients with mild Alzheimer\u27s disease and the elderly. There are many features added into this it a clever stick. Designing smart products that make it possible for elderly individuals to walk freely is the main aim of. We did this by incorporating ultrasonic sensors at certain locations into the can which gave information regarding the environment to the user by triggering the buzzer sound. We suggested low cost and light weight system based on microcontroller which processes the signal and warns the visually challenged individual across any hurdle, water or darkness using beeping signals. Whether at home or outside, there needs to be a proper gadget to help the elderly walk freely and safely. As compared to the commercial walking belts, these walking sticks have been tested to confirm all the factors that are vital for the elderly to reclaim their confidence and enhance their mobility are operating. Our device can detect obstacles within the distance of about 3m from the user. 
Clinical Efficacy and Patient Outcomes of Mini Dental Implant-Retained Overdenture Prostheses in Edentulous Patients: A Systematic Review
Full text linkObjective: The goal of this systematic review was to assess the use of mini-implants in retention of complete overdentures in order to assess survival rates, marginal bone loss prosthetic satisfaction and quality of life.
Data: This Systematic Review is registered on PROSPERO (Registration no- CRD42024555076), following the PRISMA statement and PICOS question.
Source: An electronic literature search was carried through PubMed, Web of Science, Research Gate and Google Scholar databases from year 2015 to 2024. The focused question was: ‘Is the use of mini-implants feasible for prosthetic rehabilitation with overdenture prosthesis?’
Results: In 14 studies selected for this systematic review, total 1431 mini-implants were placed in 630 patients. There was a higher survival rate of mini-implants. More frequent failures for maxillary compared with mandibular arches. The majority of studies revealed marginal bone loss values similar to those of standard implants. All studies verified an increase in satisfaction and quality of life after rehabilitation with mini dental implant retained overdenture prostheses.
Conclusion: The present systematic review suggests that within the scope of this study, mini-implants for retaining overdenture prostheses can be considered a viable alternative treatment. This conclusion is based on the high survival rates of the mini-implants, acceptable levels of marginal bone loss, and notable improvements in patient satisfaction and quality of life
Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Amaranthus Dubius Leaves in Swiss Albino Mice
Full text linkObjectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the antiulcer activity of Amaranthus dubius leaves extract (Amaranthaceae) in Swiss albino mice.
Methods: The effect of Amaranthus dubius leaves on gastric secretion and effect of gastric cytoprotection were evaluated using ethanol induced gastric ulcer. In mice, oral doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg of ADAE were given. Pantoprazole (40mg/kg) was used as standard drug. In-vitro antioxidant activity was measured using two assays: DPPH radical scavenging and alkaline DMSO methods. Gastric damage was evaluated by scoring ulcers, measuring ulcer index, and determining gastric juice pH. In addition, biochemical tests for nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as histopathological analysis were carried out.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compound. In comparison to the control group, the ADAE resulted in a significant decrease in ulcer index and an increase in the pH of gastric juice. At highest dose, the extract exhibited 56.04% ulcer inhibition. Histopathological investigation it was observed that the group with highest dose of test extract showed mild haemorrhages and cellular infiltrations as well as less structural damage. Biochemical tests indicated that ADAE reduced gastric MDA levels and increased nitric oxide levels. An IC50 value of 131.16 µg/ml was found using the DPPH assay, and the alkaline DMSO method showed strong inhibition of superoxide radicals.
Conclusions: The present study concluded that Amaranthus dubius leaves extract shows a good anti-ulcer effect at 200 mg/kg dose with its gastroprotective mechanism and antioxidant property
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Soft Tissue Diode Laser as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planning in the Treatment of Chronic Generalized Periodontitis – A Randomized Split-Mouth Clinical Study
Full text linkBackground: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of diode laser (DL) used alongside scaling and root planing (SRP) compared to SRP by itself in the management of individuals with chronic generalized periodontitis.
Material and Methods: Ten subjects aged 25 – 55 years participated in this randomized split-mouth clinical study. All subjects with 80 selected sites were randomly divided into 2 equal groups depending on the treatment provided. SRP alone (Group I control group) and soft tissue diode laser as an adjunct to SRP (Group II test group). The assessment of clinical parameters plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline, on day 30, and again at 90 days.
Results: The mean values of PPD from baseline to three months exhibited a highly significant difference between groups I and II on both the mesial and distal aspects (p < 0.02). Similarly, the mean values of CAL from baseline to three months revealed a significant difference between the two groups on the distal and buccal aspects (p < 0.02). In terms of intragroup comparisons, both groups demonstrated a reduction in the mean differences of PI, GI, and individually from baseline to three months, with a significance level of (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The adjunctive use of 970 nm DL with SRP provides moderate additional clinical benefit in moderate periodontal pockets 4-6 mm
Correlation of Left Ventricular Function by 3-Dimensional Echocardiography and Cardiac MRI in Post-Operative Tetralogy of Fallot Patient: A Prospective Study
Full text linkBackground: Left ventricular dysfunction is one of the risk factors for adverse outcomes in repaired TOF (rTOF). Due to unfavorable RV-LV interaction in rTOF, it is warranted that sophisticated diagnostic techniques are used to recognize the early LV dysfunction which may affect the outcome. Cardiac MRI (CMRI) is the preferred method for assessing LV volumes and ejection fraction, due to its superior spatial resolution and comprehensive volumetric data. Meanwhile, three-dimensional echocardiography is currently being explored as a promising new technique.
Aim: To assess the efficacy of three-dimensional echocardiography as a means of evaluating left ventricular (LV) function in patients who have undergone repair for Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and compare its performance with that of CMRI.
Materials and Methods: 37 patients (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 20.46 ± 9.4 years) who had undergone TOF repair were included in the study. 3 patients had suboptimal echo window, so only 34 patients had 3 D echo, while 37 patients underwent cardiac MRI. Four or six full volumetric 3D volumetric data sets were acquired from apical 4C views using the 1.5–3.6 MHz 3D probe with GE Vivid 7 Ultrasound System (GE Healthcare, USA) at a frame rate of 20– 30 frames/s. CMR examinations were performed on 1.5T clinical MR Scanner (CMR Signa/GE CV/i. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and ejection fraction (EF) were calculated by both methods.
Results: The prevalence of LV dysfunction in rTOF was evaluated using both Cardiac MRI and 3D Echo. According to Cardiac MRI findings, 45.9% of patients exhibited mild dysfunction, 35.1% had moderate dysfunction, and 5.5% had severe dysfunction. Similarly, based on 3D Echo results, 50% of patients showed mild dysfunction, 29.4% had moderate dysfunction, and 5.9% had severe dysfunction. The majority of patients, as observed through both Cardiac MRI and 3D Echo assessments, displayed mild to moderate LV dysfunction. The mean LV End Systolic Volume on Cardiac MRI was 73.42 ± 29.61 while the mean LV End Systolic Volume on 3D Echo was 67.32 ± 25.11. There was no significant difference in mean LV End Systolic Volume in Cardiac MRI and 3D Echocardiography (p-value = 0.36).
Conclusion: 3D echocardiography serves as a promising tool for assessing LVEF and LV volume in postoperative TOF patients. Future studies on larger populations are warranted to further validate these results
In Vitro Insecticidal Activity of Silica Nanoparticles and Simarouba Amara Against Arabica Coffee White Stem Borer, Xylotrechus Quadripes
Full text linkXylotrechus quadripes, Chevrolet (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the most lethal pests infesting Arabica coffee plants. The complex feeding habits and masked behavior of coffee white stem borer (CWSB) make pest management difficult despite the application of insecticides. In addition, the pesticides are inaccessible to larvae because soon after hatching larvae burrow into the stem and feed inside until they emerge as adults. In this regard, we developed a novel environment friendly biopesticide to combat CWSB. The activities of Nanosilica (NSi) and Simarouba amara bark extract (SABE) were evaluated by incorporating these in the artificial diet, mimicking the host plant environment. We also studied the impact of biopesticides on fecundity, fertility, larval penetration in cut stems, toxicity and olfactory responses of Xylotrechus quadripes. Both NSi and SABE exhibited dose-dependent mortality rates, demonstrating their effectiveness as biopesticides. On an average, the number of eggs laid on treated and untreated (control) cellulose sheets was found to be 3-4 and 18 in the NSi- and SABE-treated groups, respectively, compared to the control (25-35 eggs). The eggs in fertility study revealed a significant hatching difference between the NSi and SABE-treated groups. NSi strongly inhibited the penetration, whereas SABE-treated stems allowed 2-3 penetrations of larvae, suggesting the operation of different larvae penetration mechanisms. The toxicity study of NSi and SABE showed LC50 values of 257.63 and 575.43 mg/L respectively. The highest Olfactory avoidance response was observed in the NSi powder form (83.34%), followed by NSi-coated cut stems (76.67%) and SABE in solution form (73.34%). Thus, both NSi and SABE provide an effective alternative for integrated pest management in coffee arabica
Diamino Acid-Tetrazole Derivatives: Antihypertensive and Antimicrobial Investigation.
Full text linkBackground: Recent research for new antihypertensive drugs has been intensively attempted because of the high rate of morbidity and several side effects that are associated with first-line medications among hypertensive patients.
Objective: The current study investigates the antihypertensive and antibacterial effects of newly synthesized diamino acid-functionalized biphenyl tetrazole derivatives.
Result: Among the synthesized tetrazole derivatives, six selected compounds were investigated for antihypertension activity. In vivo experiments were conducted on male albino Wistar rats against the standard drug, telmisartan. Compounds Biphenyl Tetrazole Isonipecotic L-Alanine Isonipecotic–OH (BPT-Inp-Ala-Inp-OH), Biphenyl Tetrazole Isonipecotic L-Phenylalanine Isonipecotic–OH (BPT-Inp-Phe-Inp-OH), and Biphenyl Tetrazole Isonipecotic L-Leucine Isonipecotic–OH (BPT-Inp-Leu-Inp-OH) were found to have excellent activity. Whereas, compound Biphenyl Tetrazole Isonipecotic Glycine Isonipecotic–OH (BPT-Inp-Gly-Inp-OH) showed moderate Antihypertensive activity, and the remaining compounds, Biphenyl Tetrazole Isonipecotic L-Tyrosine Isonipecotic–OH (BPT-Inp-Tyr-Inp-OH), Biphenyl Tetrazole Isonipecotic L-Valine Isonipecotic–OH (BPT-Inp-Val-Inp-OH), exhibit less activity.
Significance: We observed that antihypertensive and antimicrobial activity investigations are correlated with electrical and structural properties of the compounds.
Conclusion: This study will contribute to the understanding of the correlation between activity and structural assessment of the compound