Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Yoga as a Complementary Therapy for Asthma: A Narrative Review
Full text linkAsthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and breathing difficulties, significantly impacting patients\u27 physiological, psychological well-being, and quality of life. This narrative review synthesizes findings from seven studies investigating the effects of yoga interventions on asthma management. The review explores the influence of yoga on physiological parameters like respiratory function, psychological parameters such as stress and mental health, and overall quality of life in individuals with asthma. The evidence suggests that yoga, as an adjunct therapy, can offer substantial benefits in improving respiratory function, reducing symptoms, enhancing mental well-being, and improving quality of life for asthma patients
Advances in Smart Hydrogels for the Management of Diabetic Wound
Full text linkDiabetic wounds pose a serious problem for healthcare systems around the world due to their prolonged healing process, high infection risk, and potential complications, including chronic wounds and lower limb amputations. Conventional wound care strategies often fail to provide optimal healing due to the complex pathophysiology of diabetic wounds. Hydrogels, particularly smart hydrogels, have shown promise as biomaterials in diabetic wound management because of their capacity to provide a moist environment, enhance tissue regeneration, and enable controlled drug release. Smart hydrogels are networks of three-dimensional polymers that may respond to internal and external stimuli, allowing for targeted and sustained drug delivery. These hydrogels exhibit sensitivity to various physiological and environmental factors, including pH, temperature, redox conditions, biomolecules, and external stimuli such as light and electric fields. Smart hydrogels also help mitigate oxidative stress and promote cell proliferation, contributing to effective wound healing in diabetic patients. Advances in hydrogel technology have further improved their functionality, making them adaptable for use as wound dressings, scaffolds for tissue regeneration, and drug delivery platforms.
This review explores the latest advancements in smart hydrogels, their mechanisms of action, and the applications in diabetic wound treatment. Special attention is given to stimuli-responsive hydrogels that adapt to the wound microenvironment, promoting efficient healing while minimizing adverse effects. With their ability to enhance drug bioavailability, improve patient adherence, and facilitate personalized treatment strategies, smart hydrogels represent a transformative approach in diabetic wound care. Further investigation and clinical studies are essential for optimize their performance and expand their clinical applications for better patient outcomes
Qualitative and Quantities Estimation Phytochemical of Saccopetalum Tomentosum Leaf Extracts
Full text linkNatural products from plants continue to serve as promising sources of biologically active compounds for drug development. Saccopetalum tomentosum (Annonaceae), a deciduous tree widely found in India and Southeast Asia, is traditionally used for its antibacterial, anticancer, anthelmintic, and antiparasitic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostical, phytochemical, and in vitro antioxidant activities of S. tomentosum leaves collected from the Bhopal region of Madhya Pradesh. Standard methods were used for pharmacognostical and phytochemical analysis. Quantitative estimation of total phenolics and flavonoids was performed using Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Ethanolic extracts showed significant phenolic (323.667 mg/100 mg) and flavonoid (448.333 mg/100 mg) contents. Antioxidant activity of chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanolic extracts was assessed using DPPH, SOS, and reducing power assays, revealing concentration-dependent activity. The presence of diverse phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and triterpenoids supports the plant’s potential as a therapeutic agent in modern and traditional medicine. The high TPC and TFC values in Saccopetalum tomentosum leaf extracts suggest a strong presence of bioactive compounds. These phytochemicals are known for their health benefits, including antioxidant and antidiabetic effects, supporting the plant’s traditional use. The results validate its potential for further pharmacological and therapeutic investigations
The Diagnostic Role of Ultrasound in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Clinical Perspective
Full text linkPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most widespread endocrine disorders that is said to affect 5-10% of women of reproductive age globally; it is also known as polycystic ovarian disease. Because of an interplay of hormonal dysfunction, ovulatory disturbances, and classic ovarian morphology, the disease may present in varied forms, bringing long-term health consequences such as infertility, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer. Its multifactorial pathophysiology comprises genetic predisposition, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, obesity (particularly central adiposity), and chronic low-grade inflammation along with altered ovarian stromal architecture resulting in follicular arrest and the characteristic "polycystic" appearance. Accurate diagnosis is often hindered because multiple overlapping clinical symptoms are present in thyroid disorders, Cushing\u27s disease, hyperprolactinemia, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The Rotterdam Criteria (2003) constitute a widely accepted set of parameters. On these, two of three major features must be present: 1) Oligo-/anovulation, 2) Clinical and/or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism, and 3) Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. The most important diagnostic tool used is an ultrasound (USG), most frequently a transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), that provides real-time, cost-effective, and non-invasive imaging of ovarian morphology. Diagnostic features in ultrasound defined for polycystic ovaries are: 1) Presence of ≥12 follicles measuring 2-9 mm in diameter in one or both ovaries, 2) Increase in ovarian volume >10 mL in at least one ovary, and 3) Peripheral arrangement of follicles as "string of pearls". Thickened, hyperechoic ovarian stroma is also commonly suggested. Ultrasound has many advantages in the diagnosis of PCOD, such as low cost, accessibility, and the preservation of excellent soft tissue contrast, while avoiding ionizing radiation. In other words, an ultrasound is inexpensive compared to MRI and laparoscopic procedures and does provide a pretty decent image of ovarian structure. On the other hand, TVUS gives great resolution on the structural anatomy compared to the transabdominal approaches. On top of that, ultrasound plays a bigger role than the initial diagnosis; it is also important in monitoring the ovarian response to treatment (e.g., ovulation induction with clomiphene or gonadotropins), observing ovarian volume, and follicular count dynamic changes through time, estimating ovarian reserve, guiding fertility treatment plans (i.e., timing ovulation, assessing risk of overstimulation), checking the endometrium for hyperplasia risk, and differentiating PCOD from other pelvic pathologies (e.g., endometriomas, functional cysts, tumors). Polycystic morphology may get confounded with normal variation in patients presenting in the clinician setting and also might masquerade as other conditions. That being said, ultrasound is an anatomical imaging, providing very limited functional information, and those findings should always be correlated with the clinical presentation and biochemical evaluation (hormonal profile such as testosterone, LH/FSH ratio, DHEAS) to arrive at a Rotterdam Criteria-based diagnosis and exclude other endocrine disorders
Warfarin Toxicity in Patients on Anticoagulants for Prosthetic Vascular Grafts: A Systematic Review
Full text linkBackground: Warfarin remains the most commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant in patients with prosthetic vascular grafts to prevent thromboembolic complications and graft occlusion. However, due to its narrow therapeutic window and variable pharmacokinetics, warfarin therapy carries a significant risk of toxicity, primarily haemorrhagic events. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, management strategies, and outcomes of warfarin toxicity in patients undergoing anticoagulation for prosthetic vascular grafts.
Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases from January 2000 to March 2024. Studies reporting on warfarin toxicity in patients with prosthetic vascular grafts were included. Data on incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes were extracted and synthesized.
Results: Twenty-five studies involving 4,312 patients were included. The reported incidence of warfarin toxicity ranged between 2% and 15%. Major bleeding events, including gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial haemorrhage, and bleeding at surgical or graft sites, were most common. Significant risk factors included drug–drug interactions, comorbid liver or kidney disease, nutritional factors affecting vitamin K metabolism, genetic polymorphisms affecting warfarin metabolism, and poor patient adherence or monitoring. Management strategies included vitamin K administration, warfarin cessation, reversal agents such as prothrombin complex concentrate, and supportive care. Delayed recognition of toxicity was associated with graft thrombosis, limb ischemia, and increased morbidity and mortality.
Conclusion: Warfarin toxicity represents a critical clinical issue in patients with prosthetic vascular grafts necessitating meticulous INR monitoring, patient education, and individualized anticoagulant management. Emerging anticoagulants with more predictable pharmacodynamics may offer alternatives, but further research is required
Correlation of Serum Ige and Absolute Eosinophil Count in Determining the Severity of Bronchiolitis in Children Aged 2 Month to 2 Years
Full text linkBackground:
Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants, with disease severity influenced by individual immune responses. In resource-limited settings, identifying cost-effective biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes is essential for early risk stratification and management.
Objective:
To assess the correlation between serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, absolute eosinophil count (AEC), and clinical severity in children aged 2 months to 2 years with bronchiolitis.
Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted over 12 months at a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu, India, involving 118 children experiencing their first episode of bronchiolitis. Serum IgE and AEC were measured and compared with clinical severity scores using standardized criteria. Statistical tests included Spearman\u27s correlation, Chi-square, and Mann–Whitney U tests.
Results:
Elevated serum IgE levels were significantly associated with longer duration of fever, cough, and rhinorrhoea (p < 0.05), while AEC showed only a weak correlation with fever duration. No statistically significant association was observed between AEC and serum IgE levels (p = 0.183). Neither marker was independently associated with acute wheeze or a family history of atopy.
Conclusion:
Serum IgE levels demonstrated a stronger association with symptom duration than AEC, suggesting their potential utility in identifying children at risk of prolonged illness. These findings highlight the prognostic relevance of IgE in bronchiolitis and support the need for further longitudinal studies to explore its role in predicting disease severity and long-term respiratory outcomes
Detection of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Ready-To-Eat Powdered Soybean
Full text linkEscherichia coli plays a significant role in various diseases, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality among children and adults. Its enterotoxins are key virulence factors, highlighting the need for understanding its pathogenic mechanisms and developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study investigated the enterotoxigenicity potentials of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated from ready-to-eat powdered soybean samples in Nnewi South, Anambra State. Two hundred soybean samples were collected and screened for E. coli using microbiological techniques. Five E. coli strains (SEC470, V266, SUS9EC, O157:H7 SS52, and O157:H7 Sakai) were isolated and evaluated for heat-stable enterotoxin production using the intragastric method in suckling mice. The study revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in gut/body ratio (G/B) and fluid accumulation ratio (FAR) among the isolates. Notably, ECSEC470, ECOHSS52, and ECOH Sakai showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) production of heat-stable enterotoxins, with G/B ratio and FAR values ≥ 0.065 and ≥ 0.070, respectively. ECOHSS52 recorded the highest values, indicating potent enterotoxin production. The study highlights the presence of enterotoxigenic E. coli strains in soybean samples, posing a potential health risk to consumers. These findings emphasize the need for proper handling and processing of soybean products to prevent contamination and ensure food safety
Acne and Emerging Nanotechnological Therapies: A Comprehensive Overview
Full text linkAcne vulgaris is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, commonly affecting adolescents and young adults. Its pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, Cutibacterium acnes colonization, and immune-mediated inflammation. Conventional therapeutic approaches such as topical retinoids, antibiotics, and hormonal therapies, though effective, are often associated with adverse effects, antibiotic resistance, and poor patient compliance. To overcome these limitations, nanotechnology has emerged as a revolutionary platform offering targeted, controlled, and sustained drug delivery with improved therapeutic outcomes. This review comprehensively explores the underlying pathophysiology of acne and highlights recent advancements in nanotechnological interventions, including lipid-based nanoparticles, liposomes, etc. These nanocarriers exhibit enhanced skin permeation, stability, and bioavailability while minimizing systemic exposure and irritation. In addition, the review discusses the current challenges, regulatory perspectives, and future potential of nanotechnology-driven therapeutics in dermatology. This integrated overview aims to provide a deeper insight into acne management and the translational promise of nanomedicine.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i3.258
Comparative Study of Peroneus Longus Tendon Versus Hamstring Tendon Graft in Arthroscopic Reconstruction of Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Full text linkBackground: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common sports-related knee injuries. Various autografts are used for ACL reconstruction, with semitendinosus (hamstring) tendon being widely preferred. However, the peroneus longus tendon (PLT) has recently emerged as a promising alternative due to its favorable biomechanical properties and minimal donor site morbidity.
Objectives: To compare the functional outcomes of ACL reconstruction using peroneus longus tendon versus hamstring tendon autografts.
Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical study was conducted at B.L.D.E. (Deemed to be University), Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Vijayapura, Karnataka, from January 2023 to January 2025. A total of 24 patients with ACL rupture were equally divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=12) received semitendinosus grafts, and Group 2 (n=12) received peroneus longus grafts. Functional outcomes were assessed using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score and the Lysholm knee scoring scale preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively.
Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in IKDC and Lysholm scores postoperatively. At 6 months, mean Lysholm scores were 97.00 ± 4.16 (Group 1) and 98.50 ± 2.36 (Group 2), and mean IKDC scores were 94.38 ± 3.37 (Group 1) and 95.66 ± 2.49 (Group 2). No significant complications, including ankle instability, were reported in the PLT group.
Conclusion: ACL reconstruction using peroneus longus tendon autograft provides comparable functional outcomes to hamstring tendon grafts, with minimal donor site morbidity. PLT is a viable alternative, particularly when hamstring grafts are inadequate or unavailable
Exploring the Energetics and Intermolecular Interactions of Myoglobin Inhibiting Drugs: Bioinformatics
Full text linkIntroduction: Docking techniques were employed to ascertain the nature of interaction existing between Myoglobin (Mb) with drugs that specifically inhibit Mb.
Objectives: Mb as the host and the guest molecules comprises drugs belonging to family of antibiotics (Amoxicillin (AMX), Penicillin G (PenG)), antipyretics (Aspirin (ASA)) and antipsychotics (Promazine (PRZ), Chlorpromazine (CPZ)). 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCSP) dye as the competing guest was simultaneously docked to protein-drug complex to explore the binding affinity of protein-drug vs protein-dye complex. The drugs chosen were based on the specific inhibiting action on Mb wherein the protein acts as the host molecule and drug as the guest.
Methods: Molecular Docking (Mol.Dock) studies by AutoDock software version 4.2 as performed for regarding protein- drug-dye system of 10 conformers generated, the stable clusters were selected in the descending order of binding energy (B.E) Mb-drug complex was further docked with DCDAP dye based on Lipinski rule of Five.
Results: The binding energy (B.E) of Mb-drug complex were in the order of AMX > PenG > CPZ > PRZ > ASA. The introduction DCSP dye with the Mb-drug complex resulted in enhanced binding stability. However, simultaneous docking of these drugs to Mb-dye complex resulted in a comprehensive decrease in the affinity of dye towards Mb. The stability and the binding affinity of host-guest complex in the presence of competing guest and vice versa were explored in depth wherein the bimolecular interactions play a significant role.
Conclusions: The study highlight’s the importance of Mol.Dock in understanding the biochemical interactions existing between Mb with drugs and dye, providing a significant and valuable link between chemistry and medicine. Both polar and non-polar amino acids contribute to the stability of the complexes in varying aspects