Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Effect of Mercury Chloride Induced Toxicity on Histology of Liver in in the Freshwater Fish Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes)
No full textIntroduction: Anthropogenic activities are the major contributors to environmental pollution. Industrial discharges, automobiles, and roadways release particulate matter containing heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, and chromium. These heavy metals enter the food chain through plant uptake, posing serious threats to human and ecosystem health. In aquatic environments, agricultural runoff containing heavy metals can be toxic to both plants and animals. Mercury, in particular, is known to cause neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity in humans.
Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the effect of sublethal concentrations of mercury chloride on liver histology in the freshwater fish Hypphthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp).
Methods: Freshwater fish Hypphthalmichthys molitrix were exposed to sublethal concentrations of mercury chloride for durations of 10, 20, and 30 days. Liver tissues were dissected and processed for histopathological examination to assess mercury-induced alterations.
Results: Fish exposed to mercury chloride showed marked histological alterations in the liver, including vacuolization, necrosis, nuclear aggregation, enlargement of hepatocytes, and space formation. The severity of these changes increased with the duration of exposure, with the most pronounced alterations observed after 30 days.
Conclusions: The study concludes that mercury chloride induces significant histopathological changes in the liver of Hypphthalmichthys molitrix. Therefore, liver histology in this species can serve as a sensitive biomarker for assessing mercury pollution in aquatic environments. 
Elucidating the Elements of Displacement and Identity Crisis in Norwegian Wood by Haruki Murakami
No full textThis paper aims to examine the displacement and identity clash in Haruki Murakami’s novel Norwegian Wood. The article portrays the novel through the lens of Paul Ricoeur’s identity theory. Murakami is known for utilizing alienation, lack of sense of belongingness, and loss of identity in his novels throughout. The novel’s protagonist, Toru undergoes a quest to find meaning for his existence and also to overcome identity crisis in the era of 1960s Japan. Through the concept of identity from Paul’s perspectives, this piece of research examines how Murakami structured his novel with regards to themes like displacement, lack of belongingness, and sense of interdependence among people. Thus, the study argues the persistent search for identity and how selfcare and love go hand in hand with each other in the life of an individual. 
Intraocular Lens Calculation for Phacoemulsification in Eyes with Previous Corneal Refractive Surgeries
No full textBackground: This review addresses the complexities of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation for phacoemulsification procedures in patients with a history of corneal refractive surgery and evaluates available methodologies to improve calculation accuracy.
Review: During phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in eyes previously treated with LASIK, PRK, or RK, refractive surprises frequently occur due to three key factors: i) the modified anterior-posterior corneal surface relationship renders conventional keratometric indices unreliable; ii) corneal curvature measurements are obtained outside the central optical zone; and iii) effective lens position estimation becomes compromised when based on post-refractive surgery corneal parameters. Several computational methods are currently available to achieve superior refractive outcomes during phacoemulsification in these challenging cases, even without access to preoperative corneal data (such as original corneal power values and surgically induced refractive changes). This review details the most accurate calculation techniques validated through our clinical studies.
Conclusions: IOL power determination for phacoemulsification in eyes with prior myopic corneal refractive surgery can be successfully performed using various computational approaches that provide reasonably accurate results, with 60-70% of cases achieving prediction errors within 0.50 diopters
Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm Following Left Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery – A Case Report.
No full textCerebral vasospasm is a well-recognized complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but is exceedingly rare following posterior fossa tumor surgery. Only a few cases have been reported in association with vestibular schwannoma resections, making it a clinically significant postoperative concern due to its potential impact on neurological outcomes. We present a case of delayed symptomatic cerebral vasospasm following the resection of a left vestibular schwannoma in a 50-year-old female with a history of hypertension. The patient presented with progressive left-sided hearing loss, tinnitus, imbalance, headaches, and facial numbness. MRI revealed a T2 hyperintense lesion in the left cerebello-pontine angle with cystic and hemorrhagic areas, suggesting an acoustic schwannoma. Surgical resection was performed under intraoperative neuro-monitoring, with minor bleeding and no significant intraoperative complications. Post-operatively, the patient developed extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and subsequently, right-sided weakness and vasospasm on CT angiography. Despite initial management with nimodipine and cerebroselective vasodilators, the patient’s condition worsened with declining sensorium and hemiparesis. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed on post-operative day 10. The patient’s recovery was slow, with eventual improvement and discharge, though with residual right hemiparesis and impaired ambulatory function. Follow-up MRI showed resolving vasospasm. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and aggressive management of post-surgical vasospasm, a rare but potentially devastating complication in vestibular schwannoma surgery
Machine Learning–Driven Classification Techniques for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
No full textOne of the most prevalent cancers in women worldwide is breast cancer. In addition to developing standardized procedures for data collecting and analysis of breast cancer using mammograms and other medical imaging data, more research is needed to overcome the difficulties and constraints of the conventional detection process. In recent years, a number of studies have been conducted to develop and evaluate machine learning models for breast cancer diagnosis, recurrence prediction, and treatment planning. Even before a tumor appears on a mammogram, as is typically the case, machine learning algorithms may be trained to identify minute alterations in breast tissue that could be signs of cancer. Higher accuracy and specificity have been achieved in the detection of breast cancer with the use of machine learning techniques, which makes it a useful tool for supporting doctors in making clinical decisions. Overall, the results suggest that further research may be necessary to develop standardized procedures for data collecting and analysis as well as to address the issues and constraints of machine learning in the detection of breast cancer. 
Avalgujabeejadi Churna: A Comprehensive Review Integrating Ayurvedic Fundamental with Modern Scientific Evidence
No full textAvalgujabeejadi Churna is an important herbal-mineral formulation mentioned in Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayam for the treatment of vitiligo and skin disorders.
This review integrates Ayurvedic references, modern pharmacognosy, phytochemical studies, and clinical evidence. The formulation comprises powdered seeds of Psoralea corylifolia (Bakuchi) and purified Haratala (arsenic trisulfide), levigated with cow\u27s urine.
The combination of furanocoumarins from Bakuchi and processed Haratala demonstrates melanogenic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Bakuchi promotes melanogenesis and re-pigmentation through photochemotherapy mechanisms, while properly processed Haratala provides Rasayana (rejuvenating), anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Recent clinical studies have verified the therapeutic potential of the formulation.
Avalgujabeejadi Churna represents a promising herbo-mineral approach to vitiligo treatment, though standardization protocols and long-term safety data for the arsenical component remain necessary for wider clinical adoption
Optimisation of Influence of Rutin in Surgical Wound Healing and Infection
No full textBackground: Rutin, a flavonoid with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has garnered attention for its possible role in enhancing surgical wound healing and preventing infections. This structured abstract explores strategies to optimize the influence of rutin in this context, considering dosage, delivery methods, and interactions with other compounds.
Methods: The study incorporates a multi-faceted approach, beginning with the determination of the optimal dosage of rutin, considering patient characteristics and wound severity. Various administration routes are explored, with a focus on topical application through creams, gels, or dressings. Additionally, the investigation extends to potential synergies with other compounds, such as vitamin C or zinc, to enhance wound healing. Innovative drug delivery systems, including nanoparticle-based carriers and hydrogels, are evaluated for their ability to improve bioavailability and targeted delivery of rutin.
Results: Preliminary findings highlight the potential benefits of combining rutin with antimicrobial agents to address infections associated with surgical wounds. The study uncovers the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of rutin and explores how its antioxidant properties can protect tissues during the wound-healing process. Animal models and well-designed clinical trials provide insights into rutin\u27s efficacy and safety in diverse patient populations.
Conclusion: This comprehensive investigation into the optimization of rutin\u27s influence on surgical wound healing and infection reveals promising avenues for further research and application. The development of patient-specific approaches, consideration of ethical guidelines, and integration of cutting-edge technologies contribute to a holistic strategy for harnessing rutin\u27s potential in the complex landscape of surgical recovery and infection prevention
Patient-Centered Outcomes in Orthodontics: A Questionnaire-Based Evaluation of Expectations and Satisfaction
No full textPurpose of the study: Aesthetic concerns significantly influence individuals’ self-perception and social acceptance, particularly in those with malocclusion or dentofacial anomalies. These conditions can affect psychological well-being and social confidence, making orthodontic treatment a vital component of holistic care. Patient expectations regarding treatment outcomes, duration, and discomfort vary widely and are shaped by demographic and psychosocial factors. Understanding and managing these expectations through effective communication is essential to improving satisfaction, treatment compliance, and overall clinical success. This study explores patient expectations prior to orthodontic treatment to better align clinical approaches with individual patient needs.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the expectations of orthodontic patients prior to treatment and assess their alignment with realistic clinical outcomes. A structured questionnaire was administered to 100 new patients aged 15–30 years, all with no prior orthodontic treatment. The survey explored expectations regarding diagnosis, treatment type and duration, anticipated side effects, follow-up visits, aesthetic outcomes, and the orthodontist’s demeanour.
Results: Results indicated considerable variability in patient expectations. Most participants preferred fixed appliance therapy and expected their first visit to involve diagnosis and treatment discussion. A one-year treatment duration and monthly visits were commonly anticipated. Key motivations included improved dental appearance and self-confidence, while discomfort and relapse were major concerns. Additionally, patients placed high value on orthodontists exhibiting supportive and confident behaviour.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of understanding patient expectations to enhance treatment satisfaction and compliance. By identifying discrepancies between anticipated and realistic outcomes, clinicians can tailor communication strategies, align treatment goals, and improve overall care. Directly assessing patient expectations, especially among adolescents and young adults, is essential for delivering personalized and effective orthodontic treatment
A Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Selected Valuable Medicinal Plants Found in the Cold Deserts of Himachal Pradesh
No full textIn India, most of the traditional medicinal herbs are sourced from the Himalayan area. In field research conducted in the frigid deserts of Himachal Pradesh, India, around 113 medicinally valuable plants were identified. The habitat, functions, and chemical components of the 22 most significant medicinal plant species were emphasized in this article. Out of the 22 species of plants, 11 are classified as threatened, including Aconitum heterophyllum, Arnebia euchroma, Betula utilis, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Ephedra gerardiana, Hippophae rhamnoides, Hyssopus officinalis, Hyoscyamus niger, Jurinea dolomiaea, Picrorhiza kurroo, and Rhododendron campanulatum. These therapeutic plants are becoming rare because of habitat modification, limited distribution, overgrazing, and overharvesting. Sustainable ways to conserve natural resources include adding a section to the Wildlife Protection Act about the preservation of rare and endangered medicinal plants, encouraging community-based conservation, establishing nature reserves as an in-situ conservation site, developing medicinal plant nurseries as an ex-situ method, and promoting community-based conservation
Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy of Diode Laser Fibrotomy in Moderate Oral Submucous Fibrosis
No full textBackground: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, progressive, potentially malignant disorder characterized by excessive collagen deposition leading to progressive restriction of oral movements and significant functional impairment. In moderate stages of the disease, established fibrotic bands limit the effectiveness of conservative therapy. Diode laser fibrotomy has emerged as a minimally invasive surgical modality capable of directly addressing fibrotic pathology while offering favourable biological healing characteristics.
Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of diode laser fibrotomy in improving mouth opening, cheek flexibility, and burning sensation in patients with moderate oral submucous fibrosis .
Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients clinically diagnosed with moderate (Group II and III) OSMF underwent diode laser fibrotomy under local anesthesia. Clinical parameters i.e; mouth opening (mm), cheek flexibility (mm), and burning sensation (VAS) were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post-treatment.
Results: Statistically significant improvement was observed in all evaluated parameters at all follow-up intervals compared to baseline (p < 0.001). Functional improvement was evident as early as one month and was sustained throughout the six-month follow-up period.
Conclusion: Diode laser fibrotomy is an effective, minimally invasive modality that provides significant and sustained improvement in functional and symptomatic parameters in moderate oral submucous fibrosis