Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
Not a member yet
5714 research outputs found
Sort by
Comparative Study of Placental Sonoelastography With Uterine and Umbilical Artery Doppler in a Tertiary Care Centre
Get PDFBackground: Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious clinical condition that can lead to placental dysfunction, fetal growth retardation and fetal and maternal loss.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to reveal whether there is any relationship between placental shear wave elastography (SWE) values and umbilical artery and uterine artery doppler ultrasonography (US) findings, and to investigate the availability of SWE in early diagnosis of preeclampsia (PE).
Design: Cross sectional
Setting: Department of Radiodiagnosis at Shri Sathya Sai Medical College, Ammapettai, Chengalpattu- 603108, Tamil Nadu, India.
Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 170 pregnant women within 20-32 weeks of gestation in radiology department. The study involved selecting patients for ultrasound examinations, obtaining written informed consent, and examining demographic characteristics, medical and obstetrical data. All ultrasound examinations were performed using a Mindray DC – 80 Exp system with a C 3-5 MHz curvilinear transabdominal and B-mode US and US elastography were performed in the supine position. Sonoelastography was performed using shear wave technique, and the placental image was centered in the field of view. A fixed-size ROI was placed at the center and edge of the placenta, and the quantitative placental stiffness value was displayed over a B-mode sonogram. Patients were asked to hold breaths during acquisition, and five samples were taken from each site.
Main Outcome Measures: Prediction of placental insufficiency and pre eclampsia using placental sonoelastography
Sample Size: 170 patients RESULTS: Of the 170 patients, the gestational age was 20-32 weeks, with a median of 23 weeks. Negative correlations were found between uterine and umbilical artery doppler parameters(PI and RI)with placental shear wave elasticity (SWE) and shear wave velocity (SWV) which were statistically significant . The study used ROC analysis to predict preeclampsia, with optimal results observed at a placental SWE cut-off value of ≥1.27 kPa and a SWV cut-off value of ≥1.15 m/s.
Conclusions: The study found significant correlations between Umbilical Artery pulsatility index (PI) and Uterine Artery PI, Umbilical Artery resistance index (RI), and Uterine Artery RI, with correlation coefficients of 0.343, 0.423, 0.374, and 0.454, respectively, all of which were statistically significant. The placenta elasticity with umbilical artery or uterine artery doppler findings showed inverse correlation
Gc/Ms Analysis of Thymus Vulgaris Essential Oil and Antibacterial Effect Towards Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Get PDFIntroduction: Thymus vulgaris, often referred to as thyme, is a member of the Lamiaceae family, known for its many medicinal and culinary attributes. This plant is prevalent in hilly and semi-arid regions of North Africa, especially Algeria, where it grows naturally. In Algeria, thyme plays a significant role in traditional medicine and is often used in herbal teas, essential oils, and herbal formulations.
Objectives: This study aims to explore the chemical composition and the antibacterial effects of Thymus vulgaris essential oil from Algeria.
Methods: The essential oil was extracted via hydrodistillation and subsequently analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and the antibacterial effects of the essential oil was assessed using well diffusion and dilution assays against three standard strains and ten multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
Results: The results revealed that there are 28 different compounds in the T. vulgaris essential oil, the main compounds are thymol at 27.28%, phenol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)- at 21.32%, and benzene, 1-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)- at 20.2%. The results of the antibacterial effects demonstrated that T. vulgaris exhibits an excellent antibacterial effect with an inhibitory diameter ranging from 48.67±1.53 to 52.5±1.32 mm, MIC values from 1 to 2 µL/mL, and MBC values ranging from 1 to 4 µL/mL. The MBC/MIC ratio was always inferior to four, indicating a bactericidal effect rather than a bacteriostatic effect.
Conclusions: the essential oil exhibits a diversity of compositions with significant antibacterial effect against S.aureus. Therefore, T. vulgaris essential oil could be effective as an alternative antibacterial agent for the treatment various types of infections, especially those caused by S.aureus
Saline-Induced Hyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis: A Systematic Review
Get PDFObjectives: To systematically review and synthesize available literature on saline-induced hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (HMA).
Methods: A comprehensive search across four databases identified 209 publications. Duplicates were removed using Rayyan QCRI, and relevance screening reduced the selection to 40 full-text articles. After further review, seven studies met the inclusion criteria.
Results: We included seven studies with a total of 205 participants who received saline infusion and the majority 129 (62.9%) were males. The incidence of HMA following saline infusion ranged from 54.8% in pediatric septic shock cases to 100% in healthy volunteers receiving hypertonic saline. Saline solutions, particularly normal and hypertonic saline, are frequently associated with metabolic disturbances, including HMA and reduced acid-base balance, especially in surgical and critically ill patients. In contrast, balanced crystalloid solutions do not induce HMA and support better patient outcomes by maintaining metabolic stability. Balanced salts significantly reduce the incidence of HMA in pediatric septic shock and enhance tissue perfusion while reducing acidosis risk in elderly surgical patients.
Conclusion: This review highlights the metabolic risks of saline solutions and the clear benefits of balanced crystalloids in preventing HMA. Transitioning to balanced fluids in clinical practice can enhance patient safety and outcomes across various settings. Further research is needed to explore long-term impacts and develop standardized guidelines for intravenous fluid use, ensuring evidence-based care and minimizing complications
Prevalence of OSMF, Peri-Implantitis and Dental Caries in a Known Population and its Management
Get PDFBackground: This study was conducted to assess the Prevalence of OSMF, Peri-implantitis and Dental caries in a known population and its management.
Material and methods: This study was conducted to assess the Prevalence of OSMF, Peri-implantitis and Dental caries in a known population and to overlook into its management. This study comprised of 100 subjects. All the subjects had been informed about the procedure and were asked to give consent. 40 out of 100 subjects denied to give consent and hence they had been excluded from the study. Hence, there were 60 subjects included in total. The subjects had undergone oral clinical examination and the prevalence of the oral conditions had been noted down. The treatment plan had been made for all the patients. Statistical analysis had been carried out using SPSS software.
Results: The prevalence of OSMF was 30%. Peri-implantitis was observed in 45% subjects and dental caries was observed in 25% individuals. Curcumin therapy and topical steroids had been chosen for the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Antiseptics and antibiotics had been administered for the management of peri-implantitis and for the treatment of dental caries, root canal treatment and restoration of the decayed tooth had been done.
Conclusion: The prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) was found to be 30%. Peri-implantitis was identified in 45% of the subjects, while dental caries was present in 25% of individuals. For the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis, curcumin therapy and topical steroids were utilized. In addressing peri-implantitis, antiseptics and antibiotics were administered, and for dental caries, root canal treatment and restoration of the affected tooth were performed
Malnutrition in Hepatorenal Syndrome Associated with Liver Cirrhosis
Get PDFMalnutrition is a prevalent and significant comorbidity among individuals diagnosed with liver cirrhosis, often exacerbated by the onset of hepatorenal syndrome. The objective of this narrative literature review is to explore the complex relationship between malnutrition, liver cirrhosis, and hepatorenal syndrome, highlighting the factors that contribute to malnutrition, its effects on the pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome, and the implications for clinical practice. The review highlights the high prevalence of malnutrition among patients with liver cirrhosis, particularly those who develop hepatorenal syndrome. It identifies key characteristics of malnutrition in this population, including sarcopenia, depleted protein stores, and micronutrient deficiencies. These nutritional deficits significantly impair immune function, increase susceptibility to infections, and adversely affect both renal and liver function. The paper also notes that the inflammatory response associated with cirrhosis and renal dysfunction exacerbates catabolic processes, worsening nutritional deficiencies and underscoring the need for targeted nutritional interventions in this vulnerable patient group. Additionally, malnutrition adversely affects the efficacy of therapeutic interventions and increases the risk of complications, including infections and elevated mortality rates. Emerging evidence suggests that while implementing targeted nutritional support in the context of hepatorenal syndrome presents challenges, it is essential for improving patient outcomes. Therefore, the early identification of malnutrition and the proactive application of nutritional strategies are critical for enhancing the management of renal impairment in patients with liver cirrhosis
Nature’s Nurture; Resorbable Polylactic Acid Posts for Primary Incisors: Brief Review
Get PDFThe esthetic restoration of severely mutilated primary anterior teeth has been a challenge for the pediatric dentist for a long time , not only because of the available materials and techniques but also because the children are usually among the youngest and least manageable group of patients.
Premature loss of carious primary incisors have known to affect not only speech, masticatory efficiency, causes abnormal tongue habits and potentially subsequent malocclusion but also affects psychologically if esthetic demands are compromised.
In recent years, esthetic rehabilitation of carious damaged primary anterior teeth have gained interest in pediatric dentistry. This review highlights on biodegradable intracanal post that can be used effectively in primary teeth followed by pulp therapy
Mandibular Angle Bone Apposition as a Radiological Indicator of Bruxism in the Chengalpattu Population: A Retrospective Study
Get PDFBackground: Bruxism, characterized by the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, can lead to various complications, including dental wear, temporomandibular joint disorders, and changes in mandibular bone structure. One potential radiological indicator of bruxism is mandibular angle bone apposition, observed through panoramic radiography. Previous studies have suggested that alterations in the mandibular angle may be associated with bruxism, but research in specific populations remains limited.
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between mandibular angle bone apposition and bruxism. By assessing panoramic radiographs, the study seeks to establish whether changes in bone apposition at the mandibular angle can be considered a reliable radiological marker for bruxism.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of panoramic radiographs from 300 participants, including 150 diagnosed bruxism patients and 150 controls, was conducted. The degree of mandibular angle bone apposition was classified as Grade 0 to 3 in both bruxism and control groups.
Results: In the bruxism group, 17.67% of participants exhibited no apposition (GRADE 0), 32.33% had mild apposition (GRADE 1), 30% showed moderate apposition (GRADE 2), and 20% displayed severe apposition (GRADE 3). Statistical analysis (p < 0.0001) confirms significant bone changes in individuals with bruxism, highlighting the potential of panoramic radiography for detecting these structural alterations.
Conclusions: This study highlights mandibular angle bone apposition as a potential diagnostic marker for bruxism, with the bruxism group showing higher frequencies of severe changes, supporting panoramic radiographs for early detection and intervention
Investigating Patients Attitude, Comfort, Esthetics and Satisfaction with Fixed Restorations – A survey
Get PDFIntroduction: Fixed prosthodontic restorations, such as crowns, bridges, and implants, are critical in restoring oral function, aesthetics, and overall quality of life. However, understanding patient attitudes and satisfaction regarding these restorations remains limited.
Objectives: To assess patient Attitude, Comfort, Esthetics and Satisfaction with fixed restorations.
Methods: A survey-based study will be conducted at the Department of Prosthodontics, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh. Data will be collected through a validated questionnaire administered to patients who have undergone fixed restorations. Participants will evaluate their experiences based on comfort, aesthetic outcomes, and overall satisfaction.
Results: Preliminary results indicate that implants are the most satisfactory in terms of all parameters, whereas crowns and bridges are less satisfactory in terms of comfort and functionality. Correlation analysis reveals that comfort is a strong predictor of overall satisfaction, and quality of life is significantly enhanced in most cases.
Conclusions: This study underscores the need to incorporate patient perceptions into prosthodontic treatment planning to enhance patient-centered care and optimize clinical outcomes
Phytochemical Characterization and Bioactivity of Compounds Present in the Infusion of Artemisia Herba-Alba
Get PDFMedicinal plants, known for their chemical compounds with pharmacological effects, have been a global and ancient method of treatment. Among them, the genus Artemisia (Asteraceae), with over 300 species, stands out for its therapeutic use throughout history. Artemisia herba-alba, in particular, has long been valued for its effectiveness in treating digestive issues and other ailments, gaining increasing attention for its biological and chemical properties. However, despite their proven effectiveness, probiotics often face challenges in surviving the harsh conditions of the digestive system, highlighting the need for new strategies to enhance their viability and beneficial effects. One promising approach is the integration of probiotics into plant matrices, such as Artemisia herba-alba infusions, which can help preserve the microorganisms and improve the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. This study aims to evaluate the combined effects of an infusion containing ultrabiotic probiotics and Artemisia herba-alba on microbial survival, the bioavailability of active substances, and their post-digestion antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The research is based on a comprehensive review of the literature on plant matrices, probiotics, and Artemisia, followed by experimental validation of these findings. The results offer promising opportunities for enhancing medicinal applications and provide deeper insights into the interactions between probiotics and plant matrices
Comparative Analysis of Crp/Albumin Ratio, Procalcitonin/Albumin Ratio, and Lactate/Albumin Ratio for Predicting 28-Day Mortality in Icu Patients with Sepsis
Get PDFIntroduction: Sepsis, a life-threatening condition caused by the body\u27s overreaction to infection, remains a leading cause of death in ICUs. Despite better care, septic patient mortality is hard to predict. The SOFA score has been used for this purpose in the past. But other markers like CRP, procalcitonin, and lactate, when combined in ratios with albumin, have been useful as prognostic markers.
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the CRP/albumin ratio (CAR), procalcitonin/albumin ratio (PAR), and lactate/albumin ratio (LAR) as independent predictors of 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis in the ICU, and contrast them with the predictive ability of the SOFA score.
Methods: A prospective observational study of 105 ICU patients with sepsis was analyzed. The measurements made were CRP, procalcitonin, lactate, and albumin. Differences in CAR, PAR, and LAR values were compared against the SOFA score to predict a prognosis that categorized in which group the patient would be at 28 days. Test results for significance were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test and the ROC curve.
Results: Non-survivors exhibited significantly higher CAR, PAR, LAR, and SOFA scores compared to survivors. ROC curve analysis revealed PAR to be the best predictor of 28-day mortality (AUC = 0.978) followed by CAR and LAR. While CAR and LAR were less powerful predictors of mortality, they also provided good information regarding patient outcome and the severity of the disease in the management of sepsis.
Conclusion: PAR is a superior 28-day mortality predictor among sepsis patients compared with SOFA, CAR, and LAR. While CAR and LAR are still beneficial, PAR is more predictive, and therefore it is a useful risk stratification and management tool in the critical care setting