Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
Not a member yet
5714 research outputs found
Sort by
Association of Functional and Absolute Iron Deficiency with C-Reactive Protein in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Anemia
Get PDFBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with anemia often experience iron deficiency, which can be classified as functional or absolute, complicating management strategies. Inflammation, marked by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, plays a crucial role in functional iron deficiency by altering iron metabolism and availability.
Objectives: To determine the occurrence of functional (FID) and absolute iron deficiency (AID) in CKD patients with anemia and their association with CRP levels.
Methods: This was a comparative, analytical cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of General Medicine and Nephrology among CKD patients between July 2023 and December 2024. Haemoglobin levels were measured, and patients classified into functional or absolute iron deficiency based on transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin levels, and CRP levels measured in both groups. Analysis was done using Stata v16.
Results: Among the 100 participants, 85% had TSAT levels below 20%, with 58.8% classified as having FID and 41.2% as having AID. Haemoglobin levels were comparable between the groups (8.3 g/dL vs. 8.2 g/dL, p = 0.759). Serum creatinine and blood urea levels showed no significant differences between the groups. However, serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in the functional iron deficiency group (144.4 ng/dL vs. 20.7 ng/dL, p < 0.001), while serum iron, TIBC, and TSAT were similar. CRP levels were significantly elevated in the FID group (50.8 mg/L vs. 34.6 mg/L, p = 0.010), indicating a stronger inflammatory response. CRP levels showed a significant negative correlation with haemoglobin (r = -0.341, p = 0.001) and a positive correlation with ferritin (r = 0.288, p = 0.004), suggesting an inflammatory influence on iron metabolism. ROC analysis demonstrated that CRP >41.0 mg/L had moderate discriminatory power for predicting FID (AUC = 0.663, p = 0.011).
Conclusion: This study highlights the significant role of inflammation in functional iron deficiency among CKD patients with anemia, as evidenced by elevated CRP levels and their association with ferritin and haemoglobin
Correlation between Covid-19 Spreading and Vaccinations in Tangerang City
Get PDFThe Covid-19 outbreak, which began in December 2019, rapidly developed into a global disaster impacting almost every region worldwide. The transmission caused by Covid-19 has caused many casualties that occurred in all affected countries. To find out in depth the pattern of the spread of Covid-19, research was conducted to analyse data starting during the pandemic period to the endemic period that occurred in Tangerang City. The clustering analysis process in this study is based on the data on the spread of Covid-19 with confirmed cases in 13 districts combined with data on the age category of Covid-19 patients. From the clustering results, it produces a pattern of the spread of Covid-19 that occurs in each of the closest districts with the largest number of population affected by Covid-19. In addition, clustering based on age categories results in people of productive age with the age categories of early adulthood and late adulthood entering into the age category that contributes the highest number of confirmed Covid-19 cases. Therefore, by conducting clustering analysis, it can facilitate the vaccination of confirmed Covid-19 cases in each district with the highest cases being prioritised for vaccination. The results of the multiple correlation analysis can be concluded that there is a very strong relationship between the vaccination of a population in each region and the increase in Covid-19 confirmed cases. So that by giving vaccinations that are right on target in an area can reduce confirmed cases of Covid-19 in the Tangerang City are
Knowledge, Attitude and Perceptions of Clear Aligner Therapy in Metropolitan Cities of South Indian Population– A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFBackground: Clear aligner therapy represents a significant advancement in orthodontics, offering a more aesthetic and comfortable alternative to traditional fixed appliances. Despite their growing popularity worldwide, awareness and understanding of clear aligners remain limited in metropolitan cities across South India, potentially influencing treatment preferences and outcomes.
Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of clear aligners among residents of metropolitan cities in South India.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 109 participants aged 18 years and above, recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected via an online self-administered survey over one month. The survey included 16 questions covering demographics, dental history, awareness, perceptions, and knowledge of clear aligners. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (Version 21.0), employing descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.
Results: Among the 109 respondents, 62.4% were female, with a mean age of 31.23 ± 10.33 years. A majority (77.1%) were aware of clear aligners, with significant gender differences in awareness levels (p = 0.030). Dentists were the most common source of information (46.8%), particularly among female respondents (p = 0.027). While 78.9% expressed interest in learning more about clear aligners, only 14.7% preferred them over fixed appliances, citing cost as the primary barrier (33.9%). Although 90.8% believed that oral hygiene could be better maintained with clear aligners, awareness of post-treatment care was notably low (39.4%).
Conclusion: This study reveals that while awareness of clear aligners is moderate among residents in South India’s metropolitan areas, in-depth knowledge and acceptance remain limited. Targeted educational initiatives by dental professionals are essential to bridge this gap, enabling informed treatment decisions and improved orthodontic outcomes
Relationship between Serum Alpha 1 Antitrypsin, Cotinine and Anthropometric Markers in Cigarette Smoked Subjects
Get PDFIntroduction: - In the United States (US) & other countries cigarette smoking (CS) continues to be the more preventable cause of disease and death. To both tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), cotinine is widely applied as a marker, because it has a longer half-life (average, 18 to 20 hours) than nicotine (average, 2 to 3 hours). Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor or SERPINA1 are other used words for Alpha1-Antitrypsin (A1AT), and also the SERPIN (an acronym for serine proteinase inhibitor) family of protease inhibitors, prototypical member. Age, Height, Weight, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Waist-hip ratio are simple and valid anthropometric measures for the assessment of risk of obesity & other systemic diseases in smokers The objectives of the present study were to measure the levels of serum alpha 1 antitrypsin, cotinine in cigarette smokers & to study the association between these biochemical markers with anthropometric markers and the duration and number of cigarette smoked.
Materials & Methods:- The present study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad. Prior to estimation anthropometric markers (weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference & waist hip ratio) were done in all subjects followed by serum A1AT (alpha 1 antitrypsin) by ELISA (Elabscience, Catalog No: E-EL-H0109), serum cotinine by HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography).
Results:- The mean serum cotinine level was significantly raised in cigarette smokers as compared to non-smokers whereas mean serum A1AT level was significantly decreased in cigarette smokers as compared to non-smokers. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p< 0.05).
Conclusion:- Based on our findings and the other data in the study, we speculate that these biomarkers to the detection of smokers might be useful with a high risk of pulmonary & cardiovascular diseases developed by smoke induced and will help to clinicians to formulate novel treating protocol & follow up for their patient
Dermal Distributions of Pesticide in Agriculture Occupational Settings: A Scoping Review
Get PDFIntroduction: Agricultural workers are frequently exposed to pesticides and agrochemicals through dermal contact, making dermal exposure assessment a crucial aspect of occupational health and safety.
Objectives: This scoping review explores the different patterns of dermal distribution in agricultural settings and the key determinants influencing exposure levels. Understanding dermal distribution is essential for agricultural workers to improve their awareness of body parts that are at a higher risk of pesticide exposure and to prioritize protection for these areas.
Methods: A search on three databases was done from 2006-2025 using the term occupational, dermal or skin and pesticide exposure. This review will explore on differences in pesticide dermal distribution and the determinants.
Results: Across multiple studies examining dermal pesticide exposure, the lower legs and hands consistently showed the highest exposure particularly in application and mixing/loading tasks with exposure patterns influenced by task type, plant height, and spraying method, such as tractor use. Studies comparing total dermal exposure across various determinants consistently showed that application tasks, taller plant heights, motorized sprayers, and the applicator job role were associated with the highest exposure levels.
Conclusions: This scoping review reveals that hands and lower legs are the most pesticide-exposed body parts in agriculture, underscoring the need for targeted, accessible protective measures especially in low-resource settings to reduce health risks
Applicability of Newer Regression Equations and Prediction Tables Among Various Populations for Mixed Dentition Analysis – A Systematic Review
Get PDFIntroduction: Mixed dentition analysis is an important aspect of early orthodontic assessment, helping to determine arch-length tooth-size discrepancies and the space required for aligning canines and premolars. This information helps determine the most suitable treatment options for space management. The most commonly used mixed dentition analysis methods are Moyer’s and Tanaka-Johnston’s methods.
Objectives: This research aims to evaluate the applicability of mixed dentition analysis methods, along with newer regression equations and prediction tables that have been developed.
Methods: A computerized search was conducted involving articles published on PubMed and Scopus between 2013 and 2023. Inclusion criteria included all permanent teeth, except for second and third molars, which should be present and fully erupted in the mandibular arch. The dental casts had to be of high quality, and the sample size needed to be greater than or equal to 40.
Results: A computerized search was conducted involving articles published on PubMed and Scopus between 2013 and 2023. Inclusion criteria included all permanent teeth, except for second and third molars, which should be present and fully erupted in the mandibular arch. The dental casts had to be of high quality, and the sample size needed to be greater than or equal to 40.
Conclusions: Based on the available literature, both Moyers\u27 and Tanaka-Johnston’s mixed dentition analyses must be used with caution, as the majority of the analyzed articles indicate that these methods are not as accurate as expected, necessitating the adaptation of probability levels depending on the population
Characterization of Phytoestrogen 3 (0) -2, 4, 6-Trimethoxyphenyl Androstane Carboxyaldehyde from Piper Guineense Leaf
Get PDFIntroduction
Piper guineense is a plant commonly used as a spice in Eastern Nigeria; there have been confirmed and unconfirmed reports of its numerous applications in medicine. The parts of the plant are said to be of immense benefit to the health and wellbeing and our research was aimed at unveiling the bioactive compounds that were responsible for its numerous applications.
Objectives.
The research objectives were to isolate bioactive compounds from the dried and pulverized leaf of Piper guineense using convectional laboratory techniques
Method
Sample was collected, identified, room dried and extracted. The Compound was isolated from column chromatography using chloroform and methanol mix which gave yellow oil. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) carried out on the compound showed one spot upon iodine vapour development with retardation factor (Rf = 0.40). An infra-Red analysis of the sample was carried out using FTIR (Fourier transform infra-red) Spectrophotometer BX-model Perkin Eimer. The Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum ( IH) and carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectrum (13C)NMR were obtained on a Bruker Avance 400 FT NMR Spectrometer using tetra methyl silane as internal standard. LC – ESIMS spectrum was determined in the positive ion mode on a PE. Biosystem APl 156 single quadruple instrument. .
Result
Analysis of the results gave the compound 3[0] -2’, 4’, 6’- trimethoxypheyl, Androstan carboxaldehyde with molecular formula C¬¬¬29 H40 O5, m/ƶ 468.
Conclusion
The isolated compound is a phytoestrogen and , could be used in the treatment of infertility in women and low sperm count in men. The compound could act as a fertility booster to men
Molecular Docking and Interaction Analysis of Statins and Fluconazole against Candida albicans CYP51 and HMG-CoA Reductase: An In-Silico Approach
Get PDFThe rise of antifungal resistance in Candida albicans highlights the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Statins, widely prescribed as cholesterol-lowering agents, have shown potential antifungal activity by interfering with ergosterol biosynthesis. This in silico study investigates the molecular docking interactions of atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin with key fungal targets—CYP51 and HMG-CoA reductase—using fluconazole as a reference compound. AutoDock Vina 1.2.2 was employed via the PyRx 0.9.8 platform. Ligand optimization, protein preparation, and visualization were performed using Chem3D Pro 16.0, AutoDock Tools 1.5.6, UCSF Chimera 1.16, Discovery Studio Visualizer 2020, and LigPlot+. Results show that atorvastatin exhibits the strongest binding with both CYP51 and HMG-CoA reductase, surpassing fluconazole in binding affinity. These findings support the potential repurposing of statins as antifungal agents
Assessing the Impact of Different Diets/Nutritional Supplements on the Growth and Development of Children at Anganwadi Centres: A Quasi-Randomised Study
Get PDFBackground: Malnutrition remains a significant public health challenge globally, particularly affecting children in low- and middle-income countries like India.
Objectives: To assess the impact of different diets/nutritional supplements provided to children at Anganwadi centers on their growth and development.
Methods: This was an analytical study – quasi randomized study design conducted by the Department of Paediatrics, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India between July 2023 and June 2024. The children going to Anganwadi centers regularly were included in the intervention arm (provided they attended the Anganwadi centers on at least 80% of the past 6 months; or they utilized the diets/nutritional supplements provided by the Anganwadi centers on at least 80% of the past 6 months); and children never attended or receiving diets/nutritional supplements (not enrolled in the Anganwadi center for any benefits) provided by the Anganwadi centers were included in the control arm of the study.
Results: The study involved 100 participants evenly split between an intervention and a control group. Both groups had similar demographics in terms of age, gender distribution, and socioeconomic status. Participants in the intervention group exhibited significantly better growth outcomes, including weight gain (3.2 kg vs. 2.5 kg), height gain (4.1 cm vs. 3.5 cm), and BMI increase (0.9 kg/m² vs. 0.7 kg/m²), compared to the control group. Developmentally, the intervention group showed higher scores on cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional skills, adaptive behavior, and lower ASQ scores, indicating better overall developmental outcomes compared to the control group. Furthermore, participants in the intervention group reported fewer illnesses (mean 3.5) compared to the control group (mean 4.2), suggesting the intervention\u27s potential in reducing illness incidence.
Conclusion: These results underscore the intervention\u27s positive impact on both physical growth and developmental milestones among participants
Incorporation of Striga Orobanchioides Extract in Denture Adhesives & Its Antifungal Effect on Acrylic Resins: An Invitro Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Denture stomatitis is a common condition affecting removable denture wearers, primarily caused by Candida albicans colonization and biofilm formation on the denture base. The prolonged use of denture adhesives, while beneficial for retention and stability, may alter oral microflora and increase susceptibility to fungal infections.
Aim: This study evaluates the antifungal efficacy of Striga orobanchioides extract-based denture adhesive in preventing C. albicans adhesion and biofilm formation on acrylic denture bases.
Material and methodology: Ethanolic extracts of Striga orobanchioides were incorporated into a denture adhesive formulation. The antifungal activity was assessed using microbiological assays to determine the inhibition of C. albicans growth and biofilm formation. The color stability was also evaluated to ensure clinical applicability.
Results: Findings suggest that Striga orobanchioides extract exhibits significant antifungal activity against C. albicans, reducing its adhesion to the denture surface.
Conclusion: The incorporation of Striga orobanchioides extract into denture adhesives demonstrates promising antifungal potential, offering a novel approach to managing denture stomatitis. Further clinical studies are required to confirm its long-term efficacy and safety for routine use