Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
Not a member yet
5714 research outputs found
Sort by
Comparison of Activated Follicular Transplantation and Conventional FUE Technique in Hair Transplantation: A Prospective Study
No full textBackground: Follicular Unit Excision (FUE) is a widely adopted technique for hair restoration. However, challenges such as variable graft survival rates and prolonged healing times persist. Activated Follicular Transplantation (AFT) is a novel approach that aims to improve graft viability by treating donor grafts with a specialized solution prior to implantation. This prospective study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of AFT versus conventional FUE in patients undergoing hair transplantation.
Methods: A total of 60 male patients with androgenetic alopecia were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, single-blind study. Patients were randomly assigned to either the AFT group (n=30) or the conventional FUE group (n=30). All patients underwent FUE harvesting of 2,000 grafts. In the AFT group, grafts were incubated in a proprietary solution for 10 minutes before implantation. The primary outcome measure was graft survival rate at 12 months, and secondary outcomes included hair density, patient satisfaction scores, and complication rates.
Results: The mean graft survival rate was significantly higher in the AFT group (89.5%±3.2%) compared to the conventional FUE group (78.1%±4.5%, p<0.001). At 12 months, the mean hair density was also significantly greater in the AFT group (65.2±4.1 follicular units per cm2) compared to the conventional FUE group (51.8±5.3 follicular units per cm2, p<0.001). Patient satisfaction scores were also notably higher in the AFT group. Complication rates, including folliculitis and scarring, were similar between the two groups.
Conclusion: Activated Follicular Transplantation demonstrates a statistically significant improvement in graft survival rate and hair density compared to the conventional FUE technique. The novel approach appears to be a safe and effective method for enhancing hair transplant outcomes. Further large-scale studies are warranted to confirm these findings
Evaluation of Dentoalveolar Symmetries in Angle’s Class I Normal Occlusion, Class II Division 1 and Class II Subdivision Malocclusion
Get PDFIntroduction: Dental and alveolar symmetry are essential components of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, significantly impacting both occlusal relationships and facial aesthetics. Symmetry in dental arches is critical for maintaining a functional occlusion and achieving a harmonious facial appearance. Discrepancies in tooth size, developmental disturbances, and external factors such as habits or trauma can lead to dental asymmetries.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare inter-arch dental and alveolar symmetry in transverse and anteroposterior planes and analyze mesiodistal tooth widths across Angle\u27s Class I normal occlusion, Class II Division 1, and Class II subdivision malocclusions.
Methods: A total of 140 dental casts, comprising 50 samples each for Class I and Class II Division 1 and 40 for Class II subdivision malocclusion, were analyzed. Subjects aged 18–30 years were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Measurements were performed using vernier calipers to assess 24 transverse, 12 anteroposterior, and 24 mesiodistal parameters. Data were evaluated for symmetry between the right and left sides across the malocclusion groups.
Results: Angle Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusions displayed symmetry in alveolar lengths and inter-arch measurements. However, statistically significant inter-arch asymmetries were identified in Angle Class II subdivision malocclusion for transverse and anteroposterior parameters. Mesiodistal tooth widths showed no significant asymmetries in the measured distances for teeth 1-6 across all malocclusion classes.
Conclusions: Inter-arch asymmetry was predominantly observed in Angle Class II subdivision malocclusion, whereas Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusions demonstrated symmetry across the evaluated parameters. These findings emphasize the importance of detailed symmetry assessment in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning to achieve functional and aesthetic outcomes
A Systematic Review on "Self- Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SMEDDS) for Herbal and Plant-Based Drugs: Enhancing Solubility and Bioavailability"
Get PDFThe rise of modern drug discovery has led to the identification of numerous lipophilic drug candidates with poor water solubility, posing challenges in achieving optimal oral bioavailability. Micro- and nano-based drug delivery systems, particularly Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SMEDDS), have emerged as effective solutions to enhance solubility and absorption.This brief review highlights key concepts of SMEDDS and their application in herbal and plant-based drug formulations. It outlines formulation strategies, compares phytopharmaceuticals with synthetic drugs in SMEDDS platforms, and discusses challenges such as variability, poor stability, and regulatory issues in the development of herbal drugs. Literature reports demonstrate improved solubility and bioavailability of herbal actives using SMEDDS.The paper also summarises current research, marketed formulations, and future directions aimed at overcoming limitations and optimising the delivery of both herbal and synthetic drugs using SMEDDS
Mercury Exposure and Health Hazards in Dental Patients -A Review
Get PDFMercury has long been used in medicinal and industrial applications, making it a common source of chemical exposure and an environmental pollutant. It exists in organic and inorganic forms; inorganic mercury includes elemental mercury and mercury salts, typically encountered through devices like thermometers or ingestion of batteries and laxatives. Organic mercury exposure mainly occurs via contaminated seafood, mercury-based paints, or thimerosal. Dental amalgam, commonly known as silver fillings, has been widely used for centuries to restore decayed teeth, valued for its strength and durability, especially in molar teeth. It consists of about 50% mercury mixed with silver, tin, copper, and zinc. Despite known toxicity concerns, amalgam remains widely used, though the WHO recommended its phase-out in 2007.Both patients and dental professionals face mercury exposure risks from dental amalgam. Acute high-level exposure can lead to neurological problems, severe respiratory complications such as corrosive bronchitis and interstitial pneumonitis.This paper discusses the current knowledge on the exposure, adverse health effects and management of mercury exposure in dental practice
Exploring the Potential of Silver Nanoparticles for Diabetes: A Review
Get PDFVarious academic disciplines are influenced by progress in science and technology, particulary in the field of nanotechnology. The synthesis of green silver nanoparticles is vital for this sector because plant extracts are less toxic, cheaper, and environmentally friendlier. After years of chronic non-communicable illnesses like diabetes mellitus, the practices of using nanoparticles as a treatment give birth to nanomedicine. Researchers aim to harness nanomaterials and nanostructures to combat these diseases while avoiding adverse effects. By 2045, diabetes mellitus is expected to become the lead in cause of death in India and the second most common cause of death globally, following cardiovascular diseases. Because the action mechanisms of silver nanoparticles can be predicted, nanotechnology helps to better comprehend the complexities involved in their biological application. This review covers recent studies on green-synthesized silver nanoparticles, their characterization, and their antidiabetic properties in both in vitro and in vivo settings
Turk’s Fluid as a Cytological Eraser: Enhancing Diagnostic Clarity in Haemorrhagic Aspirates – An Analytical Study from a Tertiary Care Centre
Get PDFBackground: In the cytopathology laboratory of a tertiary medical care institute, a variety of samples are received for cytological evaluation. Blood-contaminated aspirates often obscure the morphological details of representative cells, making diagnosis challenging and sometimes necessitating repeat procedures. These repeat aspirations can cause discomfort to patients and inconvenience to pathologists. Therefore, an alternative method to improve smear clarity and reduce repeat procedures is needed.
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Turk\u27s fluid, a white blood cell diluting solution commonly used in automated cell counters for lysing red blood cells in enhancing cytological clarity in haemorrhagic aspirates. The study compares Conventional Giemsa (CG) staining with Turk’s fluid-treated Giemsa (TTG) staining.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a prospective analytical study, done in a tertiary medical care institute, (Chettinad Medical Hospital and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu), which was conducted for the period of six months (January 2023 to June 2023). A total of 58 hemorrhagic samples were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. The haemorrhagic aspirated samples were taken in a clean tube and centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min. A total of four smears were prepared from the sediment and similarly, from the haemorrhagic FNAC samples, four smears were made from the aspirated material. The first smear was stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) and the second smear was stained with Pap stains for routine reporting. The third smear was stained with Conventional Giemsa (CG) and the fourth smear was pretreated with Turk\u27s solution for 10 - 20 seconds and stained immediately with Giemsa (TTG). The smears were compared based on RBC retention and cytoplasmic and nuclear morphological features between Conventional Giemsa-stained (CG) smears and Turk’s fluid treated Giemsa-stained smear (TTG), according to the modified scoring system provided by NG et al. [16]. The Conventional Giemsa-stained smear was used as a control
Protective Effects of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Extract Against Hepatopancreatic Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with excessive oxidative stress that contributes to hepatopancreatic damage and diabetic complications. Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) possesses potent antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. This study investigated the protective effects of C. zeylanicum extract against hepatopancreatic oxidative stress in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) induced type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8): Normal Control (NC), Diabetic Control (DC), Diabetic + C. zeylanicum low dose 200 mg/kg (DCL), Diabetic + C. zeylanicum high dose 400 mg/kg (DCH), and Diabetic + Standard drug metformin 100 mg/kg (DS). Type 2 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (230 mg/kg) followed by intravenous streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). After 28 days of treatment, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and histopathological changes in liver and pancreatic tissues were evaluated.
Results: Diabetic control animals showed significant hyperglycemia (356.3 ± 21.8 mg/dL vs 87.6 ± 3.5 mg/dL in NC, p<0.001), elevated HbA1c (8.9 ± 0.4% vs 4.2 ± 0.2%, p<0.001), and marked weight loss. C. zeylanicum treatment dose-dependently improved glycemic control, with the high dose reducing blood glucose to 142.6 ± 8.9 mg/dL and HbA1c to 5.4 ± 0.3% (p<0.001 vs DC). Oxidative stress markers were significantly elevated in diabetic tissues: hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) increased from 2.14 ± 0.18 to 6.87 ± 0.42 nmol/mg protein (p<0.001), while pancreatic MDA rose from 1.98 ± 0.16 to 5.94 ± 0.38 nmol/mg protein (p<0.001). C. zeylanicum treatment significantly reduced MDA levels in both tissues, with the high dose achieving 3.18 ± 0.24 nmol/mg protein in liver and 2.89 ± 0.21 nmol/mg protein in pancreas (p<0.001 vs DC). Antioxidant enzyme activities were severely depleted in diabetic animals: hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased from 8.76 ± 0.54 to 4.12 ± 0.31 U/mg protein, catalase from 42.8 ± 2.9 to 18.9 ± 1.4 μmol H₂O₂/min/mg protein, and glutathione peroxidase from 156.4 ± 9.8 to 78.3 ± 5.6 nmol NADPH/min/mg protein (all p<0.001). C. zeylanicum treatment dose-dependently restored antioxidant enzyme activities, with the high dose achieving near-normal levels. Reduced glutathione levels were depleted in diabetic tissues and significantly restored by treatment. Histopathological examination revealed severe hepatic steatosis, necrosis, and pancreatic islet degeneration in diabetic animals, which were markedly improved by C. zeylanicum treatment.
Conclusion: C. zeylanicum extract provides significant protection against hepatopancreatic oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic rats through improved glycemic control, enhanced antioxidant defense systems, and preservation of tissue architecture. The high dose (400 mg/kg) showed efficacy comparable to metformin, suggesting the therapeutic potential of Ceylon cinnamon as an adjuvant therapy for diabetes management and prevention of oxidative stress-related complication
Evaluating CBTp for Paranoid Schizophrenia: Efficacy and Maintenance of Therapeutic Gains
Get PDFBackground: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and cognitive impairments. While antipsychotic medications remain the primary treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as a promising adjunctive intervention in schizophrenia.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) and the maintenance of therapeutic gains in patients with paranoid schizophrenia.
Methods: Forty patients with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia were selected for the present study and allocated in two groups: CBTp+TAU (Intervention) and TAU group (Control). Both group were assessed at three different phases i.e., baseline, post intervention and at follow up for different dimension of delusional belief, emotion regulation, anxiety, aggression, perceived stress, self-esteem, and perceived social support. Intervention group were provided with 25-30 session of CBTp.
Results: Result suggested significant improvement on various clinical and psychological parameters in CBTp+TAU group.
Conclusion: CBTp has been found to be moderately effective in many research studies. The finding of the present study also shows that CBTp is not only effective in improving psychotic symptoms but also affects other psychological construct through generalization mechanism. The gain through intervention were also maintained till follow up
Variant Terminal Branching Pattern of Facial Nerve-Application in Parotid Surgeries
Get PDFFacial nerve is seventh cranial nerve. It is a mixed nerve with both motor and sensory component. It is also called smiling nerve as it supplies to all muscles of facial expression. Variations in terminal branching pattern of facial nerve are common. Devis, kwak, kantz and many more authors tried to classify it. Present case report represents bilateral variant terminal branching pattern of facial nerve with multiple anastomosis. Knowledge of these variations to surgeons provide road map for right surgical approach conserving facial nerve branches and thus reducing postoperative facial nerve weakness and injury in parotid, maxillofacial and cosmetic surgeries
Comparison between Iliotibial Band and Lateral Patellar Retinaculum Stretching on Lateral Patellar Shift in Young Females
Get PDFIntroduction: Patellar malalignment, particularly lateral patellar shift, is a common contributor to patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), especially among young females. It results from imbalanced forces acting on the patella, often due to tight lateral structures such as the iliotibial band (ITB) and lateral patellar retinaculum. Addressing these imbalances through targeted stretching may help restore normal patellar tracking and prevent PFPS
Objectives: To compare the effect of Iliotibial Band (ITB) stretching and Lateral Patellar Retinaculum (LPR) stretching on reducing lateral patellar shift in females.
Methods: Twenty female participants aged 17–24 years with lateral patellar shift were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (ITB stretching) and Group B (LPR stretching). Participants underwent 3 sessions per week for 3 weeks, with 3 repetitions per session. Lateral patellar shift was measured pre- and post-intervention using a Vernier caliper in a supine lying position. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS; unpaired t-tests were applied with a significance level set at p<0.05.
Results: Both groups showed a reduction in lateral patellar shift post-intervention. However, the difference in improvement between Group A and Group B was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Both ITB and LPR stretching were found to be equally effective in reducing lateral patellar shift. This suggests that addressing either of the tight lateral structures may help in improving patellar alignment
Conclusions: Both ITB and LPR stretching significantly reduced lateral patellar shift in young females. Since no significant difference was found between them, either technique can be effectively used to address patellar malalignment.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.4.9329