Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Role of Histopathological Changes in Predicting Outcome after Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a life-saving intervention for refractory intracranial hypertension after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, predicting neurological outcome following DC remains challenging. Histopathological evaluation of cortical and subcortical tissue obtained during DC may reveal the biological severity of injury and serve as a prognostic marker.
Objective: To systematically review and synthesize current evidence on the prognostic value of histopathological findings in predicting outcomes after DC for TBI.
Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases was performed up to October 2025, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies assessing histopathological changes in brain tissue obtained during or immediately after DC and correlating them with outcomes (mortality or Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS]) were included. Data were synthesized narratively, with random-effects meta-analysis for comparable outcomes. Quality assessment used the QUIPS tool, and evidence certainty was rated using GRADE.
Results: From 3,126 screened records, 42 studies (n ≈ 2,918) met inclusion criteria. The most frequent findings were diffuse axonal injury (DAI), ischemic-hypoxic neuronal damage, astroglial loss, and microvascular injury. High-grade DAI (Adams grade II-III) and widespread ischemic changes were significantly associated with increased mortality and poor functional outcomes (pooled ORs: 2.9 [95% CI 1.8-4.6] and 2.5 [1.6-3.9], respectively). Evidence for glial and vascular markers was less consistent. Certainty of evidence was moderate for DAI and ischemia, low for other parameters.
Conclusions: Histopathological features, particularly DAI severity and ischemic injury, provide valuable prognostic insights following DC in TBI. Standardization of tissue sampling, staining, and scoring systems is needed to integrate histopathology into clinical prognostic models
The Influence of Yoga Mudras on Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Health: An Intervention-Based Approach
No full textIntroduction: Mudras, which are traditional hand gestures rooted in ancient Indian practices, have a regulatory influence on both physiological and psychological functions. (Doe, J. et al., 2024).
Research aim: To explore the effects that particular mudras might have on blood sugar levels, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and electrocardiograms (ECGs).
Materials and Methods: This research utilized a controlled experimental setup involving 20 subjects, who were assigned to an experimental group practicing designated mudras for 30 minutes each day over a period of 4 weeks. We gathered blood samples and ECG data at both the beginning and the conclusion of the study to analyze variations in blood sugar, kidney function (BUN and creatinine), and cardiac health. Moreover, spirometry assessments were conducted to evaluate lung function by calculating forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1).
Results: Findings from pre-intervention assessments, which included pulmonary function tests (PFT), ECG, and various blood sugar metrics like urea and creatinine, did not show any significant results. However, the post-intervention results revealed considerable improvements in pulmonary function, particularly marked changes in FVC and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Furthermore, blood glucose levels exhibited a significant difference before and after the intervention, though renal function indicators in the experimental group showed no major changes; simultaneously, improved ECG results indicated a significant shift in heart rate. The post-intervention group that practiced mudras displayed a statistically significant decrease in heart rate due to parasympathetic activity, indicating enhanced cardiac health.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that incorporating mudras into everyday practices might serve as a helpful approach for supporting metabolic, renal, and cardiac well-being, along with improving respiratory capacity. It is advisable to conduct further research with greater participant numbers and diverse groups to validate these preliminary results
Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Expanding the Role of the Dentist – A Review
No full textPediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a form of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), is an increasingly recognized public health issue due to its significant impact on children\u27s growth, behavior, cognitive function, and overall health. Although the condition has traditionally been managed by pediatricians and sleep specialists, growing evidence supports the crucial role of dental practitioners—particularly pediatric dentists and orthodontists—in the early detection and multidisciplinary management of pediatric OSA. This review examines the underlying pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, and available treatment modalities, with a special focus on the evolving responsibilities of dental professionals in comprehensive care for affected children
Harnessing Pomegranate Peel for One-Pot Synthesis of Zinc-Strontium Nanoparticles: A Natural Antioxidant Nanoplatform
No full textBackground: Zinc–strontium nanoparticles (Zn–Sr NPs) are emerging as potent antioxidant nanomaterials with potential biomedical applications. Green synthesis using plant extracts offers an eco-friendly and sustainable approach, incorporating bioactive phytochemicals that enhance nanoparticle functionality and biocompatibility.
Objective: To synthesize Zn–Sr NPs using pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract via a one-pot method and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant activity.
Materials and Methods: Fresh pomegranate peels were washed, shade-dried, and ground into a fine powder. An aqueous extract was prepared by heating the powder in distilled water, followed by filtration and centrifugation. Zn–Sr NPs were synthesized by mixing 50 mL of the extract with 50 mL of 0.1 M solutions of zinc nitrate and strontium nitrate under continuous stirring at 80°C for 2 hours. The nanoparticles were purified, dried at 60°C, and assessed for antioxidant activity using the DPPH radical scavenging assay at concentrations of 20–80 µg/mL. L-ascorbic acid served as the standard for comparison.
Results: The biosynthesized Zn–Sr NPs exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity, with DPPH inhibition of 20.05%, 27.42%, 35.00%, and 37.80% at 20, 40, 60, and 80 µg/mL, respectively. L-ascorbic acid showed inhibition of 31%, 30%, 37%, and 48% at the corresponding concentrations. The radical scavenging potential of Zn–Sr NPs is attributed to the synergistic effects of zinc and strontium ions and surface-bound phytochemicals from the pomegranate extract.
Conclusion: Pomegranate peel–mediated Zn–Sr NPs can be efficiently synthesized via a green one-pot approach and exhibit significant antioxidant activity. These findings highlight their potential as sustainable, biocompatible nanoplatforms for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, particularly in mitigating oxidative stress
Comprehensive Study of Tamra Bhasma Pareeksha W.S.R Nambhuri Phase Spot Test
No full textIntroduction: Tamra is a significant metallic drug classified under Dhatu Varga in Ayurveda. Tamra Bhasma, a calcined preparation of copper, holds a prominent place in Ayurvedic therapeutics, particularly for its hepatoprotective and digestive properties. It is widely used in the management of liver disorders such as hepatitis, gallstones, cirrhosis, and hepatosplenomegaly.
Objective: This study focuses on the systematic preparation of Tamra Bhasma and its validation through Bhasma Pariksha (classical organoleptic and physicochemical tests) and NPST to confirm its authenticity and compliance with standard parameters.
Materials and Methods: The preparation of Tamra Bhasma involves a two-stage process: Shodhana (purification) and Marana (incineration).
Ensuring the quality and safety of bhasma preparations is crucial for their therapeutic efficacy. Hence, the final Bhasma sample was evaluated using classical Bhasma Pariksha tests (such as Rekhapurnatva, Varitaratva, Nischandratva, etc.), along with NPST for chemical fingerprinting. The results were compared against the standard values prescribed by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) guidelines.
Observations and Results: The prepared Tamra Bhasma successfully passed all classical Bhasma Pariksha parameters. The NPST analysis further validated its quality, showing characteristic spot patterns in accordance with CCRAS standards, indicating proper incineration and the absence of toxic residues.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that prepared Tamra Bhasma meets the classical and modern scientific quality standards. The successful validation through Bhasma Pariksha and NPST reinforces its safety, purity, and therapeutic potential. Standardized preparation methods combined with modern analytical techniques ensure the efficacy and reliability of Tamra Bhasma for clinical applications in hepatobiliary and digestive disorders
Role of Vidda Agnikarma Followed by Vaitarana Basti in the Management of Gridhrasi – Case Series.
No full textAgnikarma is the contribution of Acharya Sushruta and has mentioned its application in Arsha , Arbuda, Bhagandara ,Apachi ,Antravridhi , and Gridhrasi in Sushrutha samhita. Vaitarana basti is indicated in shoola pradhanya vyadhis . In this case series 5 patients complaints of low back pain which was radiating to one or both the lower limbs associated with stiffness, unable to bend forword and difficulty in walking and lifting the legs and underwent investigations like MRI of lumbar spine .As treatment protocol we adopted first agnikarma followed by vaitarana basti for 5 days. Assessment was done daily according to examinations like SLR test ,bragard test.faber and coin pick test. Patients got instant pain relief after agnikarma procrdure. Agnikarma is a safe, instant pain relief , cost effective and no drug dependency treatment where as vaitarana basti is prevent the reoccurance rate and provide the longer effect
Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Clinical Severity of Pneumonia in Children
No full textBackground: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in immune function, and deficiency may increase susceptibility to infections and influence disease severity. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and clinical severity of pneumonia in children.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Pulmonology Division of Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, from July 2024 to June 2025. A total of 60 children were enrolled, including 30 cases with CAP and 30 healthy controls visiting for routine immunization. Demographic, nutritional, and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained to measure hemoglobin, total WBC count, and serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The majority of cases were aged 2–3 years (76.7%), while controls predominated in 4–5 years (50.0%). Malnutrition (50.0% vs. 23.3%, p = 0.031), limited sun exposure (60.0% vs. 23.3%, p = 0.006), and history of recurrent respiratory infections (63.3% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.004) were significantly higher in cases. Clinically, respiratory distress, wheezing, feeding difficulties, lethargy, cyanosis, and convulsions were more frequent in cases (p < 0.05). Hypoxia (60.0% vs. 13.3%, p < 0.001) and sepsis (40.0% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.004) were common complications. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was significantly higher among cases (53.3% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.002), whereas sufficient levels were more prevalent in controls (43.3% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.03).
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency, malnutrition, limited sun exposure, and recurrent respiratory infections are associated with increased susceptibility and severity of CAP in children under five. Early nutritional and vitamin D interventions may help reduce disease burden.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i5.1054
Diagnostic Utility of MRI in Deeply Infiltrating Endometriosis: A Hospital-Based Study
No full textBackground: Deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is a severe form of endometriosis associated with chronic pelvic pain, infertility and reduced quality of life. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management and surgical planning. While laparoscopy remains the gold standard, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a non-invasive alternative with the potential to improve preoperative assessment.
Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), in collaboration with Ibn Sina Diagnostic and Imaging Center, Dhaka, from June 2024 to July 2025. A total of 98 women with suspected DIE were consecutively enrolled. All participants underwent pelvic MRI followed by laparoscopy with or without histopathological confirmation. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, MRI findings and surgical outcomes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 to assess the diagnostic accuracy of MRI compared with laparoscopy.
Results: The majority of women were aged 25–34 years (39.8%) and presented most frequently with chronic pelvic pain (41.8%). MRI revealed uterosacral ligament involvement in 37.8%, rectovaginal septum in 26.5% and rectosigmoid colon in 21.4%. Laparoscopic confirmation showed similar trends, with multiple-site involvement in 32.7% of cases. MRI demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with sensitivity ranging from 79.3% to 85.7% and specificity from 94.8% to 97.8% across different anatomical sites. The overall sensitivity and specificity of MRI for DIE detection were 89.2% and 94.5%, respectively.
Conclusion: MRI is a highly sensitive and specific, non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting DIE, making it valuable for preoperative evaluation and surgical planning in Bangladeshi women
Field based Epidemiological Survey of Kyasanur Forest Disease Cases During the 2018–2020 Outbreak
No full textKyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever endemic to the Western Ghats of India. In recent years, the disease has shown an expanding geographic distribution, raising public health concerns. A field-based epidemiological survey was conducted during the 2018-19 and 2019-20 KFD outbreaks across the districts of Shivamogga, Chikkamagaluru, and Uttara Kannada in Karnataka. Data on confirmed cases, vaccination status, mortality, and behavioral risk factors were collected and analyzed. The 2018-19 outbreak in Aralagodu village, Sagar Taluk, resulted in 20 deaths and established the area as a new KFD hotspot. During 2019-20, newer regions such as N. R. Pura and Siddapura Taluks reported 60 confirmed cases. Despite ongoing vaccination programs (prior to their suspension in 2020), several breakthrough infections occurred among individuals who had received two or more doses, indicating limited vaccine-induced immunity. However, vaccinated individuals generally experienced milder disease, while unvaccinated patients presented with severe hemorrhagic and neurological symptoms. Behavioral exposure, particularly forest visits for collecting leaf litter and firewood, emerged as a key risk factor. Additionally, displacement of infected bonnet macaque troops was observed, suggesting a possible ecological driver of viral spread. The findings highlight the persistent challenges in KFD control, emphasizing the need for a more effective vaccine, strengthened public awareness initiatives, and integrated ecological surveillance to mitigate future outbreaks and limit the disease’s spread to new regions
To Study the Drug Release of Tranexamic Acid and Dexamethasone Coated Suture Materials: An In Vitro Study
No full textBackground: Postoperative complications such as inflammation and bleeding often compromise wound healing and delay patient recovery. Drug-eluting sutures have recently emerged as an innovative strategy for localized therapy, functioning both as wound closure devices and controlled drug delivery systems.
Objective: To evaluate the in vitro release kinetics of tranexamic acid (TXA) and dexamethasone (DEX) from polycaprolactone (PCL)-coated silk sutures.
Materials and Methods: Silk sutures were coated with PCL incorporating TXA and DEX. In vitro drug release was assessed under physiological conditions using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) at 37 °C. Drug concentrations were measured at predetermined time intervals with UV–Visible spectrophotometry, and cumulative release profiles were plotted over 240 hours.
Results: The dual-drug sutures demonstrated a biphasic release pattern. TXA showed a rapid burst release exceeding 60% within the first 48 hours, followed by near-complete release by Day 10. In contrast, DEX exhibited a sustained and controlled release, reaching approximately 85% over 240 hours.
Conclusion: The PCL-coated dual-drug suture system provided stage-specific therapeutic benefits, enabling immediate hemostasis through TXA release and prolonged anti-inflammatory action through DEX release. These findings highlight the potential clinical utility of bioactive sutures in enhancing wound healing and surgical outcomes