Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Surgical Outcomes of High-Energy Tibial Plateau Fractures, Schatzker Types 5 & 6 by Ilizarov External Fixator
No full textBackground: High-energy tibial plateau fractures (Types 5 & 6) pose significant surgical challenges due to their complex nature and associated soft-tissue injuries. The Ilizarov external fixator offers a minimally invasive solution with stable fixation and early mobilization.
Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of high-energy tibial plateau fractures, Schatzker Types 5 & 6, by Ilizarov external fixator.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College and Care & Cure Hospital in Bogura, Bangladesh, from January 2023 to December 2024. Forty-three Schatzker Type 5 & 6 tibial plateau fracture patients were enrolled via purposive sampling. All patients underwent Ilizarov external fixation and were followed for functional and radiological outcomes. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, with descriptive statistics and paired t-tests for pre/post-intervention comparisons.
Results: The study of 43 patients showed 93.0% fracture union (mean 18.2±3.6 weeks) using Ilizarov fixation for Schatzker 5 (51.2%) and 6 (48.8%) tibial plateau fractures. Functional outcomes were excellent (41.9%), good (37.2%), fair (16.3%), and poor (4.7%). Complications included pin-site infections (11.6%), knee stiffness (9.3%), and malunion (4.7%). Mean postoperative knee flexion was 110°±15° with 3°±2° extension lag. Partial weight-bearing began at 2-3 weeks, with no fixation failures observed.
Conclusion: The Ilizarov fixator effectively manages complex tibial plateau fractures, enabling early mobilization with stable fixation. It offers a reliable alternative for high-energy injuries, particularly where soft tissue preservation is crucial, while maintaining good functional outcomes. This method proves valuable for challenging cases in diverse clinical settings
The Impact of Laparoscopic Cystectomy on Ovarian Reserve in Patients with Chocolate Cysts
No full textBackground: Endometriomas, commonly referred to as chocolate cysts, are a form of endometriosis that can impair fertility and ovarian function. Laparoscopic cystectomy is a standard treatment for symptom relief and fertility improvement. However, concerns remain about its potential impact on ovarian reserve. Objective: T To assess the effect of laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian reserve in women with chocolate cysts using serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels and Antral Follicle Count (AFC). Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Anwer Khan Modern Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January to December 2024. 46 women aged 20–40 years with unilateral or bilateral endometriomas undergoing laparoscopic cystectomy were enrolled. Serum AMH and AFC were measured before surgery and at 3 months postoperatively. Paired t-tests were used to assess changes in ovarian reserve. Subgroup analysis was performed based on cyst laterality. Results: Mean AMH significantly decreased from 3.25 ± 1.10 ng/mL preoperatively to 2.01 ± 0.85 ng/mL postoperatively (p < 0.001). Similarly, mean AFC declined from 11.3 ± 3.7 to 7.5 ± 2.9 (p < 0.001). Patients with bilateral endometriomas experienced a greater decline in AMH (-1.65 ± 0.7 vs. -0.95 ± 0.6; p = 0.003) and AFC (-4.6 ± 1.8 vs. -2.8 ± 1.3; p = 0.001) compared to those with unilateral cysts. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cystectomy significantly reduces ovarian reserve, particularly in women with bilateral endometriomas. These findings highlight the importance of fertility-preserving surgical approaches and comprehensive preoperative counseling for reproductive-age women undergoing surgery for endometriomas
Clinical Aspects of Herpes Infection in Hiv-Infected Children
No full textThis article presents the clinical aspects of herpes infection in HIV-infected children. A clinical examination of 57 children aged 4 to 15 years was conducted, 41 (71.93%) were boys and 16 (28.07%) were girls. The children were distributed by age as follows: 34 (59.65%) children aged 4 to 6 years, 13 (22.81%) children aged 6 to 10 years, and 10 (17.55%) children aged 10 to 15 years. The results of the study showed that the simultaneous action of such unfavorable factors as early age at the time of infection, concomitant diseases with the formation of complications, with the progression of immunodeficiency worsened the course of the disease in infected children, and led to a severe, continuously recurring course of herpes infection in HIV-infected children, especially young children
Paediatric Maxillofacial Fractures: A Five-Year Retrospective Review of Patterns, Management and Outcomes
No full textIntroduction: Facial fractures in children are far less common than in adults but pose greater management challenges because of skeletal growth and developing dentition. This study reviewed the distribution of paediatric facial fractures, treatment methods, and short-term outcomes at a tertiary oral and maxillofacial unit.
Methods: Records of all patients aged ≤18 years with radiologically confirmed facial fractures treated between January 2019 and December 2023 were retrospectively examined. Data collected included demographics, cause of injury, fracture site, management, and outcome. Fractures were classified as mandibular subsites, midfacial/zygomatic, or other mandibular regions. Outcomes were judged by healing, occlusion, facial symmetry, and complications.
Results: Sixty children (mean age 12.4 years, range 2–18) were included. Males were the majority (68.3%). Falls were the most frequent cause (61.7%), followed by road traffic accidents (28.3%). Mandibular fractures predominated (68.3%). Closed reduction was undertaken in 40% of cases, while 60% required open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The choice of treatment was strongly linked to the fracture site (χ²=9.47, p=0.003). At a mean follow-up of 10.3 months, 95% achieved satisfactory outcomes, with only three minor complications (two malocclusions, one local infection).
Conclusions: The mandible is the most commonly fractured facial bone in children. While many injuries respond to conservative care, displaced fractures often need ORIF. Careful case selection allows excellent outcomes with minimal complications. Long-term surveillance is vital to detect potential growth-related sequelae
An Interventional Study to Asses the Impact of Om Chanting on the Mental Health Status of NIHL
No full textIntroduction: We cannot imagine a world without sound; it plays a key role in everyone\u27s life. It\u27s a form of energy that acts as a tool for knowledge and affects the mind. Different types of sounds convey different meanings. A few sounds assist with quieting us simultaneously some will bother. These sorts of undesirable and destructive sound frequencies are known as noise. Sounds can be harmful when they are too loud, even for a brief time, or when they are both loud and long-lasting. These sounds can damage sensitive structures in the inner ear and cause noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). In today’s busiest lifestyle, nobody is much bothered about the health hazards caused by the improper use of sense faculties.
Objectives: To assess the importance of Asatmyendriyartha Samyoga in the manifestation of disease.
To apply the concept of Asatmyendriyartha Samyoga in individuals with a habit of prolonged usage of headphones. The effect of 0M chanting on mental health status and stress level of people suffering from NIHL
Methods: An interventional study involving 60 volunteers was selected and assessed using all three assessment tools ie three scales for assessing the Psychological and Disease along with Audiometry. Volunteers of either sex were grouped randomly into 2 groups for the study each group will have 30 volunteers. Group I – Advised to hear Om uchaaran for 10 min before and After work, Group II - Control Group
Results: Based on analysis and interventions conducted, it was concluded that the Atiyoga of Shravanendriya(excessive and long-term exposure to sound) is the main cause of the manifestation of NIHL in individuals..
Conclusions: From the study, it can be concluded that Om chanting has a positive impact on the mental health status and stress level of people suffering from NIHL to an extent. 
Coconut-Based Methyl Ester Sulfonate for Eco-Friendly Textile Scouring
No full textThe textile industry faces increasing pressure to adopt sustainable practices while maintaining product quality and economic viability. This study investigates the synthesis and application of methyl ester sulfonate (MES) derived from coconut fatty acid distillate (CFAD) as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional petroleum-based surfactants in textile scouring processes. CFAD, a renewable byproduct of coconut oil refining rich in medium-chain fatty acids, was converted to MES through acid-catalyzed esterification followed by sulfonation using sodium bisulfite. The synthesized MES exhibited excellent surface activity with surface tension reduction to 35.21 mN/m at 0.1% concentration, 64% emulsifying index, and superior biodegradability characteristics. Performance evaluation on cotton hosiery fabric, wool fibers, and polyester fabric demonstrated that MES achieved comparable or superior results to commercial surfactants. At 5.0% concentration, MES showed enhanced capillary rise (3.5 cm), improved whiteness index (68.48), and effective grease removal in wool scouring (15.8% weight loss) with reduced yellowness index (14.6). The bio-based MES surfactant offers significant environmental advantages including enhanced biodegradability, reduced aquatic toxicity, and utilization of renewable agricultural waste, making it a promising sustainable alternative for textile wet processing applications while maintaining industrial performance standards
ACE I/D Polymorphism And Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Evidence From Young Indian Patients
No full textIntroduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading global cause of mortality and affects South Asians a decade earlier than Western populations. Beyond conventional risk factors, genetic determinants—particularly the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism—may influence susceptibility. This study assessed the association of ACE I/D polymorphism in young-onset CAD patients and its relation to biochemical parameters.
Methods: A case–control study included 100 angiographically proven CAD patients aged ≤45 years and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected, and ACE I/D genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared, and associations with fasting glucose and lipid profile were analyzed. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
Results and Conclusion: The distribution of ACE genotypes differed significantly between CAD patients and controls. The DD genotype was more frequent in CAD patients, while the II genotype was more common in controls. The D allele frequency was significantly higher in cases (0.56) compared to controls (0.375). The DD genotype conferred increased risk under both dominant and recessive models (OR=0.32 and 0.45, respectively). Biochemical analysis revealed that ID+DD carriers had higher fasting glucose and significantly lower HDL-C compared to II carriers, both in cases and controls. The ACE I/D polymorphism, particularly the DD genotype and D allele, is strongly associated with young-onset CAD in the study population. Incorporating genetic screening into risk stratification may facilitate early identification and preventive interventions in high-risk individuals
Comparative Evaluation of Pomegranate and Grapefruit Seed Extract Mouthwash Versus Chlorhexidine in Gingivitis Management: A Clinical Trial
No full textIntroduction Plaque-induced gingivitis is typically managed with mechanical plaque control and adjunctive chemotherapeutic rinses. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is considered the gold standard antiplaque agent, but its adverse effects such as staining and taste alteration limit its long-term use.¹ Natural extracts, including pomegranate (Punica granatum) and grapefruit seed extract (GSE), have demonstrated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.²⁻⁴ This study evaluated the effectiveness of a pomegranate–GSE herbal mouthwash compared with 0.2% CHX in adults with gingivitis.
Objectives: The objective of the study is to compare the effectiveness of a pomegranate–grapefruit seed extract (GSE) herbal mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) in reducing clinical signs of plaque-induced gingivitis in adults..
Methods: Thirty systemically healthy subjects (18–40 years) with gingivitis were randomly allocated to two groups (n=15). Group A rinsed with a herbal formulation containing 10% Punica granatum peel extract and 0.5% GSE, while Group B used 0.2% CHX. Both groups rinsed with 15 mL twice daily for 14 days. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Depth (PD), and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and 14 days. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests (α=0.05).
Results: Significant intragroup reductions were observed in both groups for PI and GI (p<0.05). Group A showed PI reduction from 2.40 ± 0.60 to 1.80 ± 0.60 and GI from 1.45 ± 0.25 to 1.20 ± 0.18. Group B reduced PI from 1.80 ± 0.30 to 1.55 ± 0.28 and GI from 1.60 ± 0.22 to 1.45 ± 0.20. Intergroup comparisons at day 14 revealed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). No adverse effects were reported with the herbal rinse.
Conclusions: A pomegranate–GSE mouthwash demonstrated plaque- and gingivitis-reducing effects comparable to 0.2% CHX over two weeks, without reported side effects. Herbal rinses may represent a safe and effective alternative in gingivitis management
Case Report: A Multi-Disciplinary Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of a Partially Edentulous Maxillary Arch.
No full textProsthodontic rehabilitation plays a crucial role in restoring oral function, aesthetics, and comfort in patients with partial edentulous and loss of vertical dimension. Implant-supported prostheses provide an effective long-term solution for such cases. This case report presents the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a 50-year-old female patient with a partially edentulous maxillary arch and loss of vertical dimension, resulting in difficulty chewing. A comprehensive treatment plan included extractions, root canal therapy, post and core restorations, and implant placement in regions 16, 23, 24, and 26. The treatment successfully restored function, aesthetics, and occlusal stability, with the patient adapting well to the new vertical dimension. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in achieving optimal long-term outcomes in prosthodontic rehabilitation
Synthesis And Characterisation of Shankha Bhasma (Calcinated Conch Shell) Processed with Kumari and Nimbu Swaras [Aloe Vera and Citrus Juices]
No full textShankha Bhasma, an important calcium-based Ayurvedic formulation, was prepared using four different combinations of shodhan (detoxification) and maaran (incineration) media, including Nimbu Swarasa, Kumari Swarasa, and Nimbukamla.(1) The raw Shankha(Conch shell) was subjected to purification and repeated incineration (puta) cycles, followed by characterization using organoleptic and physicochemical parameters, Ayurvedic Bhasma Pariksha, Particle Size Analysis, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Nimbukamla, prepared chemically using chalk powder and sulphuric acid, exhibited a highly acidic nature (pH 0.3) and played a significant role in reducing the number of Putas(2) (heating cycles) required for achieving quality Shankha Bhasma. Analytical results revealed that all samples were soft to touch, tasteless, odorless, and possessed characteristic carbonate and carboxylic functional groups(3). Calcium content remained consistently high across all samples, while magnesium and potassium concentrations varied depending on the herbal media used. Particle size analysis confirmed a high proportion of single particles with fine micron-range sizes. This study emphasizes the influence of shodhan media on the properties of Shankha Bhasma and highlights Nimbukamla as an effective shodhan medium for producing high-quality bhasma.(4