Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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“Clinical Comparative Analysis of TAD-Augmented and Conventional Orthodontic Treatments in Skeletal Open Bite Correction: An Original Research Study”
No full textAim: This study aims to compare the clinical analysis evaluating the effectiveness of orthodontic correction by Conventional Mechanotherapies and TAD-Augmented in patients diagnosed with skeletal open bite.
Materials and Methods: This study assessed 50 patients with anterior open bite (AOB) seeking corrective treatment, narrowing down to 40 who met specific skeletal criteria based on cephalometric analysis. Key criteria included an increased mandibular plane angle, enlarged lower anterior facial height, and a dolicofacial growth pattern. AOB was defined by minimal vertical overlap of front teeth, resulting in a negative overbite of less than 1 mm. Exclusions involved cases related to tooth under-eruption without skeletal issues, decreased incisal display, chronic medical conditions, and significant dental crowding. Informed consent was obtained, and the final cohort received. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 received open bite correction with conventional mechanotherapies, while Group 2 underwent TAD-Augmented open bite correction. Follow-ups at one, two, and three years post-treatment utilised cone beam computed tomography to evaluate outcomes, including overbite correction, occlusion, aesthetics, recovery profiles, treatment duration, and patient satisfaction.
Statistical Analysis and Results: This study analysed a cohort of 40 patients aged 7 to 30 years, consisting of 24 males and 16 females, divided into two groups based on treatment. Group 1 included 20 patients who received only orthodontic treatment aimed at dental alignment. Group 2 comprised 20 patients who underwent TAD-Assisted dental and skeletal issues related to anterior open bite. Outcomes for Group 1 were monitored over one year, with 7 patients showing no significant changes. In Group 2, 2 patients exhibited no improvement during the same period. A two-year follow-up for Group 1 indicated that 6 patients remained unchanged, while in Group 2, only 1 patient showed no changes. After three years, 5 patients in Group 1 had not improved, but notably, no patients in Group 2 showed any changes. A comparative analysis across groups using one-way ANOVA, presented in Table 8 provides insights into the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment alone versus the combination of surgery and orthodontics for addressing anterior open bite issues.
Conclusion: This study found that TAD assisted approach yields better results for severe cases, enhancing occlusion and facial aesthetics, while conventional orthodontics is more effective for mild to moderate open bites. The integrated method provides faster treatment and improved long-term stability by repositioning the jawbones, addressing skeletal discrepancies, whereas orthodontic treatment by conventional mechanotherapies mainly involves dental movement, which may be less stable with significant skeletal malalignment
Ipomoea Obscura: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, And Pharmacological Potential
No full textIpomoea obscura (L.), commonly known as "Laksmana" in Ayurveda, is a perennial climber from the Convolvulaceae family, valued for its ethnomedicinal applications across Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Traditionally, it has been used to treat various ailments, including dysentery, ulcers, hemorrhoids, swelling, respiratory issues, and vision problems. Phytochemical studies have identified a rich array of bioactive compounds in I. obscura, including glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, essential oils, and phenolic acids. Notably, the plant contains indole alkaloids like Ipobscurine A-D and tropane alkaloids such as Calystegine B-1 to B-4 and C-1, which exhibit significant pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, nephroprotective, antiangiogenic, and antimicrobial effects. The essential oil of I. obscura is particularly rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, with Bulnesene, β-humulene, and Seychellene being the predominant compounds. Recent research has also explored the green synthesis of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles using the plant\u27s aqueous leaf extract, demonstrating promising antifungal and anticancer activities. This review summarized the traditional uses, phytochemical profile, pharmacological properties, and/or therapeutic potential of I. obscura, underscoring its significance as a subject for future research and the development of novel botanical drugs
Evolution in Medical Education Technology
No full textMedical education has undergone profound transformation over the past century as teaching and assessment moved from apprenticeship and lecture-centred models to technology-enhanced, learner-centred systems. Advances range from standardized patients and Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) to high-fidelity simulation, internet-based learning, virtual patients, mobile learning, virtual/augmented reality, and—most recently—artificial intelligence and advanced learning analytics. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated adoption of digital modalities and exposed both opportunities (flexibility, scale, new pedagogies) and persistent challenges (access inequities, faculty readiness, assessment validity). This review synthesizes the historical trajectory, key technological innovations, evidence for educational effectiveness, recurring challenges, and future directions for integrating technology into undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Forty references are provided in Vancouver style; reference numbers appear in-text in order of mention
Enhancing Transdermal Drug Delivery of Dapsone and Cloxacillin Using Pharmacosome Encapsulation: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation.
No full textThis work is based on to evaluate pharmacosome-based topical gel formulations for enhanced transdermal supply of Dapsone (DAP) and Cloxacillin (CLXS). Drug-excipient compatibility was confirmed by FTIR, indicating no any type of interaction. pharmacosomes (P1–P9) were categorized for vesicle size (110.6–168.2 nm), zeta potential (–14.7 to –30.5 mV), and high encapsulation efficiency (%EE), with optimized formulations (P4–P6) showing greater physicochemical properties. Among these, P5 exhibited optimal discharge behavior and smallest vesicle size. Pharmacosomal gels (G1–G9) were formulated using Carbopol 934 and calculated for drug content, spreadability, pH, and viscosity. Optimized gel G5 confirmed high drug content (83.54%), suitable pH (6.8), and ideal spreadability. In-vitro and ex-vivo studies show sustained drug release (up to 85.36 % over 24 h) and increased skin permeation compared to other conventional gels. TEM and SEM analyses show spherical morphology with even vesicle distribution. Stability studies over three months presented no major changes in vesicle characteristics, approving the formulation are stable. The presence of PEG 400 and low Carbopol concentration in G5 enhanced vesicle flexibility and skin permeation. Overall, the pharmacosomal gel (G5) show a stable vasicular delivery, active transdermal delivery system for enhanced topical delivery of DAP and CLXS. This vesicular gel was ready by using different optimization parameters. By comparing all the gel formulations, we observe that the vesicular gel exhibits the best drug release. In summary, the existence of DAP and CLXS in pharmacosomes is capable to enhance the anti-leprotic preparation, and it provide the cumulative effect on the patients
Multi-Modal Deep Learning Model for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Using Clinical, Biochemical and Lifestyle Features.
No full textCardiovascular diseases remain a major global health challenge, making early and accurate risk prediction essential for effective prevention and timely intervention. This study presents a multimodal deep learning approach for cardiovascular risk prediction by integrating clinical, biochemical and lifestyle-related features to achieve a more comprehensive and accurate risk assessment. A dataset comprising 200 subjects was analyzed to reflect population level cardiovascular risk patterns while strictly adhering to ethical guidelines and data privacy requirements. Clinical variables included age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure measurements and electrocardiographic abnormalities. Biochemical parameters encompassed lipid profiles, glycemic indicators and inflammatory markers, while lifestyle-related factors included smoking status, physical activity levels, alcohol consumption and family history of cardiovascular disease. The proposed multimodal deep learning framework independently learned representations from each data modality and combined them at a later stage, enabling effective modeling of complex nonlinear relationships across heterogeneous data sources. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, receiver operating characteristic area under the curve, precision, recall and F1-score. Explainable artificial intelligence techniques were applied to enhance interpretability of predictions. The results demonstrated that the multimodal model outperformed unimodal approaches and achieved superior risk stratification, highlighting its potential as a scalable, transparent tool for personalized cardiovascular risk assessment and clinical decision support.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i6.1135
High-Risk Pregnancy and Its Outcome Among Antenatal Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sikkim
No full textBackground: High-risk pregnancies create problems for maternal and neonatal health, and are a major contributing factor to morbidity and mortality around the world. In places like Sikkim, where health awareness and access to health services may differ, patterns of high-risk pregnancy and their outcomes are invaluable to improving maternal and child health.
Objective: To determine the prevalence, maternal outcomes, along with fetal outcomes of high-risk pregnancies amongst antenatal women who were attending a tertiary care institution in Sikkim from December 2023 through July 2025.
Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care institution in Sikkim,reviewed medical records involving the antenatal women who were diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy during the study period. Relevant details regarding demographics, maternal risk factors, and complications in pregnancy, mode of delivery, and maternal outcomes, were collected. Neonatal outcomes were like birth weight, prematurity, NICU admissions and perinatal mortality, were also analysed. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was applied for the study.
Key Findings: Majority of individuals with a high-risk pregnancy had advanced maternal age, anaemia, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and previous caesarean delivery. Maternal outcomes correlated with increased rates of caesarean deliveries, pre-eclampsia, and postpartum morbidities. Neonatal outcomes represented increased incidence of low birth weight, prematurity, and NICU admission in association with high-risk pregnancies. Maternal mortality was nil.
Conclusion:High-risk pregnancies continue to be a major contributor to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in Sikkim. Early identification, thorough antenatal screening, and timely referral to tertiary care centers could improve prognosis. Strengthening maternal health services and implementing targeted interventions designed for high-risk groups is important to reduce preventable complications
Systematic QbD- Driven Preparation and Analysis of Naproxen Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals
No full textIntroduction: Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely prescribed for the long-term management of chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. However, its clinical use is limited by gastrointestinal side effects, including gastric ulceration, and poor aqueous solubility. Naproxen belongs to Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II, characterized by high permeability and low solubility, which adversely affects its dissolution and bioavailability.
Objectives: The objective of the present study was to develop pharmaceutical co-crystals of naproxen with cinnamic acid in order to improve its physicochemical properties, particularly solubility, dissolution rate, and potential bioavailability.
Methods: Pharmaceutical co-crystals of naproxen and cinnamic acid were prepared using the solvent drop grinding method. The prepared co-crystals were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to confirm the formation of a novel crystalline phase, as well as to assess purity and homogeneity. Further, tablets containing naproxen–cinnamic acid co-crystals were formulated and evaluated for in vitro dissolution performance.
Results: The naproxen–cinnamic acid co-crystals exhibited a significant enhancement in solubility, showing an 8.61-fold increase compared to the pure drug. Characterization studies confirmed the successful formation of a distinct crystalline structure. The formulated co-crystal tablets demonstrated an improved dissolution rate when compared with a marketed naproxen formulation.
Conclusions: The study demonstrates that co-crystallization of naproxen with cinnamic acid is an effective approach to modify and enhance its physicochemical properties. Naproxen–cinnamic acid co-crystals represent a promising alternative for improving solubility and dissolution behavior, which may lead to enhanced bioavailability and improved therapeutic performance
Biochemistry Ensuring Safe Food
No full textFood contamination is the term used to describe the presence of undesired and hazardous chemicals on food items that can result in foodborne disease. Food deterioration and the ensuing foodborne illness can be caused by physical, chemical, biological, or environmental pollutants. The public\u27s health is now seriously threatened by food contamination. Statistical measurements in the last few decades have produced many negative results. Food contamination causes 420,000 deaths and 600 million illnesses globally each year. Food safety ensures that consumers are protected from foodborne illnesses. The food may be impacted by a number of significant factors, including microbiological, chemical, nutritional, and natural variations, water flow, climate changes, and natural cleanliness. Food spoils as a result of contaminants that enter throughout the processes of preparation, storage, preservation, and transportation. The pollutants can be found using a variety of techniques, such as molecular biology-based, immunological, and culture-based techniques. These techniques are quick, extremely sensitive, precise, and economical. For the long-term detection or identification of foodborne pathogens, this review offers a thorough overview of food contaminants and their detection methodologies, including both traditional and cutting-edge approaches
Physicochemical Characterization and Extraction Optimization of Kaempferia parviflora
No full textIntroduction: Black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) is a food crop belonging to the family of Zingiberacea. It is known as Kaempferia parviflora Wall ex. Baker. The other name are Thai ginseng, Thai black ginger, Kali Adrak, Karchaidum. In India, it is mainly cultivated in assam and Mizoram. The compounds of black ginger have shown to possess many medicinal properties, it has anti allergic effects, cardio protective effects, energy enhancement effects, anti-aging effects, anti-inflammatory effects.
Objectives: To assess the physio chemical characteristics and yield percentage in different solvents.
Methods: The physiochemical characteristics of black ginger powder was assessed by using the standard protocol. It includes moisture, ash content, extraction optimization, percentage yield and solubility of black ginger powder. The Soxhlet process were used for extraction at different solvents.
Results: The moisture content was found to be 50.32%. It was found that the moisture and ash content of black ginger was much higher than that of Zingiber officinale. The yield percentage was higher in the ethanol as compared to other solvents.
Conclusions: It was concluded that the rhizomes of black ginger have higher amount of moisture content as compared to the other variety of ginger (Zingiber officinale). The Soxhlet extraction shows that the yield percentage was higher in ethanol i.e. the solubility was higher in ethanol
Influence of Improper Āhāra Vidhi Vidhāna on Maternal and Fetal Health: An Integrative Review of Ayurvedic Dietary Guidelines and Modern Maternal Physiology
No full textDiet plays a central role in maintaining maternal health and fetal development. Ayurveda conceptualizes nutrition through Āhāra Vidhi Vidhāna—systematic dietary guidelines regarding food quality, quantity, timing, emotional state, and method of eating. These principles ensure balanced digestion (Agni), metabolic regulation, and adequate tissue nourishment. Pregnancy imposes unique physiological demands including increased metabolic rate, altered gastrointestinal function, and regulatory changes in hormonal, vascular, and immunological systems. Impaired digestion and metabolic inefficiency during pregnancy influence placental nutrient transfer and fetal development. This conceptual review correlates classical Ayurvedic dietary principles with modern maternal physiology to demonstrate how deviations from proper dietary conduct contribute to gastrointestinal dysfunction, maternal anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, intrauterine growth restriction, and low birth weight. The analysis emphasizes the significance of behavioral and sensory dimensions of eating—not merely nutrient content—in maintaining maternal-fetal health. Integrating these principles into antenatal nutrition counseling may offer a preventive and holistic approach for reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes