Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
Not a member yet
5714 research outputs found
Sort by
Phytochemical Profiling and In Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sonchus arvensis L.
No full textSonchus arvensis L., a traditionally used medicinal plant, was investigated for its phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Sequential extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous) were screened qualitatively and quantitatively; the ethanolic extract (SEE) showed the highest levels of flavonoids (941.67 μg/g) and phenolics (74.77 μg/g). High-resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (HR-LCMS) profiling of the petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts identified a variety of bioactive compounds, including 7(14)- bisabolene-2,3,10,11-tetrol, Nigakilactone B, tocopherol, ganoderiol H, liquiritic acid, and delta-maslinic acid. In vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical, metal chelation, total antioxidant capacity, and reducing power) demonstrated that SEE exhibited the strongest scavenging and reducing activities, with ICso values ranging from ~240 to -320 μg/mL. Anti-inflammatory potential was confirmed via inhibition of albumin denaturation, human red blood cell membrane stabilization, and protease inhibitory assays; SEE showed up to -80% inhibition in membrane stabilization and ICso values between ~245 and ~251 μg/mL. These findings suggest that the mid-polar constituents of S. arvensis L. particularly in the ethanolic extract, contribute to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Further in vivo studies and mechanistic analyses are warranted to assess its therapeutic potential.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i6.1097
Frequency of Dyslipidaemia among Young Adults (20–40 Years) in a Private Hospital, Dhaka
No full textBackground: Dyslipidaemia, characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism, is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although commonly associated with older adults, recent trends indicate an increasing prevalence among younger populations due to changes in lifestyle, diet and physical inactivity. Early identification of lipid abnormalities in young adults is crucial for preventing long-term cardiovascular complications.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Biochemistry lab, Insaf Barakah Kidney & General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, over one year from July 2024 to June 2025. A total of 200 young adults aged 20–40 years undergoing routine health check-ups were included. Individuals with diabetes, hypertension, hepatic or renal disorders, hypothyroidism, pregnancy, or those on lipid-lowering or hormonal medications were excluded. Lipid profiles were analyzed using fasting and random blood samples. Data were processed and analyzed using MS office tools.
Results: Among 200 participants, 57.5% were male and 42.5% female, with the majority (52.5%) aged 30–39 years. The mean total cholesterol was 184.3 ± 46.2 mg/dL, HDL 39.5 ± 9.2 mg/dL, LDL 115.6 ± 37.8 mg/dL and triglycerides 160.9 ± 75.4 mg/dL. Low HDL was the most frequent abnormality (53%), followed by high triglycerides (46%), high total cholesterol (36%) and high LDL (32%). Overall, 74% of participants exhibited at least one lipid abnormality.
Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia among young adults in Dhaka, primarily due to low HDL and elevated triglycerides. These findings underscore the need for early lipid screening and lifestyle modification to mitigate future cardiovascular risks
From Bench to Bedside: The Expanding Role of CRISPR/Cas Systems in Genome Engineering and Human Disease Research
No full textupheaval in biomedical research. It makes it possible to correct errors in the genome and turn on or off genes in cells and organisms quickly, cheaply and with relative ease. It has a number of laboratory applications including rapid generation of cellular and animal models, functional genomic screens and live imaging of the cellular genome. It has already been demonstrated that it can be used to repair defective DNA in mice curing them of genetic disorders, and it has been reported that human embryos can be similarly modified. Other potential clinical applications include gene therapy, treating infectious diseases such as HIV and engineering autologous patient material to treat cancer and other diseases.[1]
At present, there are three mainstream genome editing tools in the world, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and the RNA-guided CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) nucleases systems. Due to the advantages of simple design, low cost, high efficiency, good repeatability and short-cycle, CRISPR-Cas systems have become the most widely used genome editing technology in molecular biology laboratories all around the world. In this review, an overview of the CRISPR-Cas systems will be introduced, including the innovations and applications in human disease research and gene therapy, as well as the challenges and opportunities that will be faced in the practical application of CRISPR-Cas systems.[2]
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i6.1103
Comparative Evaluation of Expected and Actual Treatment Outcomes for Overjet and Overbite Correction with Clear Aligners: A Retrospective Clinical Study
No full textIntroduction: Clear aligners offer numerous advantages over traditional braces, including superior aesthetics, improved oral hygiene, fewer emergency visits, and enhanced patient comfort.Their removability allows patients to maintain better periodontal health throughout treatment, reducing the risk of decalcification and carious lesions associated with fixed appliances. Moreover, the transparent appearance of aligners addresses a major psychological barrier for adult patients, many of whom are reluctant to undergo visible orthodontic treatment. By comparing planned movements in the digital setup with the actual clinical outcomes, this study will provide insights into the real-world performance of clear aligner therapy in specific clinical scenarios Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare Expected and Actual Treatment Outcome for Overjet and Overbite on digital models of those individuals who have undergone treatment with Clear Aligners Methodology: The retrospective study comprises of 38 patients treated with aligners. The pretreatment, expected post treatment and actual post treatment overjet and overbite were evaluated and efficacy for aligners to treat overjet and overbite was calculated in terms of percentage Results: The mean pretreatment overjet was 4.31 ± 0.83 mm and overbite was 4.21 ± 0.81 mm, with an efficacy rate of 47.59 ± 8.01% for overbite and 51.59 ± 6.78% for overjet. The results indicate that while clear aligners can effectively reduce overjet and overbite, the achieved corrections were often less precise than predicted by digital treatment planning. Conclusion: Clear aligners can reduce overjet and overbite, but their predictability for the same is less. Clinicians must prioritize case selection, biomechanical planning, and patient compliance to optimize outcomes
Clinical Classification of Superficial Fungal Infections in A Paediatric Age Group
No full textBackground: Superficial fungal infections are characterized by fungal infection of keratinized tissue such as hair, nails and skin. Superficial fungal infections are common in children more so with overcrowding and poor hygienic conditions.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to study the epidemiology, identify the pattern and the hygienic conditions associated with fungal infections in children.
Materials and methods: This was a Observational prospective study done on all cases presenting with features characteristic of superficial fungal infections.A total of 156 patients were included in the study. A 10% KOH Mount was done in all patients for fungal elements.
Results: Males were more commonly affected than females with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Tinea corporis was the most common type of infection(36%). Poor hygienic conditions was observed in majority of the patients.
Conclusions: Fungal infections are common in the paediatric age group. All the body parts can be affected. The importance of hygiene has to be stressed in terms of taking bath regularly, wearing of fresh loose cotton clothes and maintainance of environmental cleanliness
A Cadaveric Case Report on Patent Foramen Ovale
No full textPatent foramen ovale is one of the common forms of atrial septal defect rarely observed in the elderly people. Foramen ovale is a slit like opening in the atrial septum at the site of foramen secundum of the septum primum. Knowledge of persistent patent foramen ovale is particularly significant for its relationship with many congenital & other valvular heart disorders. In the present study 8 human hearts were collected and dissected from adult cadavers, in the Department of Rachana Shareera at JSS Ayurveda Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka State, India. Out of 8 specimens only 1 was shown to be having patent foramen ovale. To determine the value of early detection of patent foramen ovale in preventing cryptogenic stroke or relative ischaemic conditions in the general population, more research is required
Role of Serum Adiponectin in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
No full textIntroduction: Adiponectin is a significant adipocytokine that is mostly released by fat-containing adipocytes and is essential for oxidative stress, inflammation, and the metabolism of glucose and lipids. It has been demonstrated that changes in adiponectin levels directly impact glucose and lipid metabolism, which in turn raises the production of lipids, free fatty acids, and inflammatory cytokines.
Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the role of serum adiponectin in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Methods: The observational cross-sectional study department of general medicine, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, hospital-based study between July 2019 and Aug 2020. Total 120 subjects included in the study, among this: newly diagnosed metabolic syndrome (n=40), metabolic syndrome (n=40) and 40 healthy controls age, gender matched healthy controls. For all the subjects anthropometric, demographic, biochemical and serum adiponectin data was noted.
Results: The serum adiponectin significantly and drastically decreased in newly diagnosed metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome when compared to controls (P=0.001**). These levels were significantly and positively correlated with blood pressure, blood sugars, and dyslipidaemia.
Conclusions: Serum adiponectin levels that are significantly lower may be helpful in identifying cardiovascular complications in patients with metabolic syndrome. 
Several Influential Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy Among Productive-Age Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Dr. Kariadi Central General Hospital Semarang: A Case–Control Study
No full textDiabetic retinopathy is a chronic microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a major cause of visual impairment, particularly affecting individuals in the productive age group. This study aimed to analyze risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy among productive-age patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang. A case control study was conducted involving 68 cases and 68 controls. Data were collected through electronic medical records and patient interviews. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations associations (p < 0.05) age 45–59 years (p 0.000; OR = 4.091), non-adherence to dietary recommendations (p 0.000; OR = 7.547), duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years (p = 0.016; OR = 2.457), hypertension (p 0.000; OR = 4.339), non-adherence to medication (p = 0.025; OR = 2.322), and HbA1c levels ≥6.5% (p 0.000; OR = 7.869). Meanwhile, physical activity, and obesity did not show significant associations (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified significant predictors including age 45–59 years (p = 0.002; OR = 5.028), non-adherence to diet (p < 0.001; OR = 13.900), diabetes duration ≥10 years (p = 0.030; OR = 3.114), hypertension (p = 0.049; OR = 2.776), non-adherence to medication (p = 0.011; OR = 3.793), and HbA1c ≥6.5% (p < 0.001; OR = 11.278). The strongest predictors were poor dietary adherence and elevated HbA1c. Key risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in productive age patients include non adherence to dietary recommendations, high HbA1c levels, older age (45–59 years), longer diabetes duration, hypertension, and medication non-adherence. Strengthening dietary compliance, glycemic control, and regular HbA1c monitoring is essential to prevent or delay retinopathy progression
Study of Diagnostic Utility of Serum Ceruloplasmin in Wilson’s Disease: A Prospective Observational Study
No full textIntroduction: Wilson’s disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism with hepatic, neurological, and psychiatric manifestations. Serum ceruloplasmin is widely used as a diagnostic marker, though its specificity varies across populations and clinical contexts.
Aim:To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic role of serum ceruloplasmin in patients with Wilson’s disease, with emphasis on clinical phenotypes, treatment response, and outcome indicators.
Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted on 40 patients with WD at a tertiary care center. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. Patients were categorized by severity (mild, moderate, severe) and treatment status (treatment‑naïve vs. on chelation therapy). Serum ceruloplasmin was measured by immunoturbidimetric assay. Outcomes included hepatic and neurological improvement and one‑year complication‑free survival. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t‑test and Chi‑square test, with p < 0.05 considered significant.
Results:Mean age at diagnosis was 18.6 ± 6.2 years; 60% were male. Clinical presentation was hepatic in 45%, neurological in 35%, and mixed in 20%. Kayser–Fleischer rings were present in 70%. Moderate to severe disease accounted for 70% of cases. Common complications included cirrhosis (40%), neurological disability (30%), and portal hypertension (25%). Serum ceruloplasmin levels were significantly higher in treated patients (15.6 ± 4.1 mg/dL) compared to treatment‑naïve (11.8 ± 3.2 mg/dL, p = 0.02). Chelation therapy was associated with greater hepatic (70% vs. 30%, p = 0.01) and neurological improvement (50% vs. 20%, p = 0.04), and improved one‑year complication‑free survival (85% vs. 60%, p = 0.05).
Conclusion:Serum ceruloplasmin remains a practical biomarker for Wilson’s disease, reflecting disease severity and treatment response. While cutoffs <20 mg/dL are widely applied, comparative evidence suggests lower thresholds may enhance specificity. Integration with clinical features and complementary tests is essential for accurate diagnosis and prognosis.  
“Regorafenib for Bone Sarcoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: Bone sarcomas are aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options in advanced stages. Regorafenib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor, has shown potential efficacy in early-phase trials, but its overall effectiveness and safety remain unclear.
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the clinical impact of regorafenib on survival outcomes and adverse events in patients with bone sarcomas.
Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between September 27, 2012, and April 2024. Eligible studies compared regorafenib with placebo in bone sarcoma treatment. Primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs). Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed via the I² statistic. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool.
Results: Five RCTs were included. Regorafenib significantly improved PFS (MD = 9.69 weeks; 95% CI: 4.54–14.84; I² = 0%), while no significant improvement was observed in OS (MD = 0.85 weeks; 95% CI: -36.33–38.02; I² = 0%). Common treatment-related adverse events included hand-foot skin reaction, hypertension, fatigue, and diarrhea.
Conclusion :Regorafenib significantly improves PFS in bone sarcoma but does not clearly improve OS. Adverse events are frequent but generally manageable. Further research is needed to optimize dosing, patient selection, and long-term survival benefits