Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Incidence of Visually Significant Pseudophakic Macular Edema after Uneventful Clear Corneal Phacoemulsification
Get PDFBackground: Pseudophakic macular edema (PME) is a known cause of delayed visual recovery following cataract surgery, even in cases with uneventful phacoemulsification. This study aimed to determine the incidence of visually significant PME in a low-risk population using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at Dr. Sirajul Islam Medical College & Hospital Ltd, Dhaka and Bangladesh Eye Hospital Malibagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March 2023 to February 2024. A total of 130 patients aged ≥50 years undergoing uneventful clear corneal phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were enrolled consecutively. Patients with pre-existing macular disease, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, uveitis, or intraoperative complications were excluded. Postoperative follow-up was conducted up to 6 weeks, and OCT was used to detect PME. Visually significant PME was defined as a reduction of ≥2 lines in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
Results: The mean age of participants was 62.4 ± 8.9 years, with 54.6% males. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were present in 21.5% and 30.8% of patients, respectively. OCT detected PME in 6 patients (4.6%), of which 3 (2.3%) were visually significant. Mean BCVA improved from 0.82 ± 0.21 logMAR preoperatively to 0.16 ± 0.11 logMAR at 6 weeks. PME cases showed delayed visual recovery. All PME cases were managed with topical corticosteroids and NSAIDs; five fully recovered and one had partial improvement.
Conclusion: The incidence of visually significant PME following uncomplicated phacoemulsification was 2.3%. Early OCT detection and conservative treatment resulted in favorable outcomes
Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Analysis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - A Preliminary Evaluative Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is gaining traction in the field of cancer research. The molecular changes that underpin the pathophysiology of an illness are used to diagnose it, not the appearance of the tissue. The aim of this study is to use Fourier transform infrared radiation (FT-IR), an automated technique that more accurately represents morphology, to identify molecular differences between normal and Oral cancer tissue.
Objectives: To analyze and compare the molecular composition of normal and cancerous oral tissues using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and to identify specific spectral differences that may aid in the molecular diagnosis of oral cancer.
Methods: Fresh tissue samples were obtained from Oral Cancer patients undergoing surgery. The mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector on the Nicolet Magna 750 FT spectrometer was used to record the spectra.
Results: FT IR spectra showed significant differences in the peaks between the cancerous and normal oral tissue. The stretching vibration of the carbonyl produced the peak at 1645/cm. Compared to normal tissue, the gradient of the protein peak in malignant tissue was greater.
Conclusions: Numerous genes regulate the multiple stages of the pathogenesis and development of oral cancer, which are influenced by a wide range of variables. When it comes to protein, nuclear acid, glucose, and adipose in cells, as well as the molecular structure of the molecule, FT IR can offer information that allows for an in-depth understanding of the molecular diagnosis of cancer and future treatment strategies
Glass Ionomer Cement in Management of Non-Carious Cervical Lesions
Get PDFNon carious lesions( NCCLS) are one of the most commonly occurring problem in dentistry affecting majorly adult population .These lesions are characterized by loss of tooth structure at the cement enamel junction which if not treated often results in hypersensitivity along with certain esthetic concerns. Glass ionomer cements(GIC) are employed in the management of non carious cervical lesions due to its unique properties .This review provides a comprehensive review to overview the use of GIC in the management of NCCL and discusses on successful management of NCCL depending on patients profile
Cellulase Production from Bacillus Subtilis and Its Role in Saccharification of Alkali Pre-Treated Para Grass Biomass
Get PDFProduction of second-generation bioethanol has created enormous interest globally as sustainable and ideal alternative source due to the gradual depletion of fossil fuels. In view of this, the present study was investigated to isolate cellulase producing bacterium from poultry soil sample and assess its role in the saccharification of Brachiaria mutica (Para grass). Initially, the cellulase producing bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis strain KPA based on biochemical and molecular characterization tools. Further, B. mutica was pre-treated using NaOH solution (4% w/v) and utilized for saccharification process as per the standard methodology. Results showed low impact of cellulase on untreated Para grass biomass with TRS yield of 2.24±0.18, 3.11±0.2, 4.1±0.17, 4.98±0.2, and 4.14±0.18 mg/g at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of treatment. The alkali (NaOH) pre-treated biomass exhibited maximum TRS yield of 3.23±0.2, 4.34±0.18, 5.25±0.17, 7.88±0.17, and 6.16±0.17 mg/g from 12-96 h. Similarly, the saccharification ability of untreated Para grass biomass was estimated lower than that of pre-treated one. The alkali pre-treated biomass showed maximum saccharification efficiency of 29.07±0.8, 39.06±0.8, 47.2±0.7, 70.9±0.7, and 55.4±0.8% in the presence of 4% (w/v) NaOH from 12-96 h. In conclusion, the findings suggested the prominent role of strain KPA-associated cellulase in the saccharification of B. mutica and its potential role in biofuel production in future
Effectiveness of a Nutritional Awareness Program on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among Patients with Depression: A Pre-Post Interventional Study at S.M.M.H. Medical College, Saharanpur U.P West.
Get PDFBackground: Depression affects over 322 million people globally, yet nutritional interventions remain underutilized despite growing evidence of diet-mental health connections. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a nutritional awareness program on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding diet and mental health among patients with depression.
Methods: A pre-experimental interventional study was conducted at S.M.M.H. Medical College, Saharanpur, among 153 patients with depression (ages 18-70 years) diagnosed using HAM-D criteria. Participants received individualized nutritional counseling (30-45 minutes) covering diet-mental health connections, mood-affecting nutrients, antidepressant foods, and beneficial dietary patterns. KAP scores were assessed using validated questionnaires at baseline and 4-week follow-up. Statistical analysis employed paired t-tests and effect size calculations using SPSS v26.
Results: Participants (mean age 39.0±11.8 years, 49% female, 73.9% rural) showed extremely low baseline knowledge (mean score 1.15±1.2/10) with only 26.8% aware of diet-mental health links. Post-intervention, knowledge scores increased dramatically to 9.2±1.1 (p<0.001, Cohen\u27s d=7.33). Attitude scores improved from 15.8±3.4 to 18.9±1.2 (p<0.001, d=1.14), and practice scores increased from 3.1±1.8 to 7.2±2.3 (p<0.001, d=1.96). Notable improvements included 58.2% achieving adequate fruit/vegetable intake (vs 0% baseline) and 77.1% regularly consuming omega-3 rich foods (vs 5.9% baseline). Strong positive correlations existed between knowledge, attitude, and practice improvements (r=0.58-0.72). Urban residents and patients with milder depression showed greater improvements. The intervention achieved 100% retention with high participant satisfaction.
Conclusions: Structured nutritional awareness programs effectively improve diet-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among depression patients, with large effect sizes across all domains. The high feasibility and substantial behavioral improvements support integrating nutritional education into routine psychiatric care. These findings contribute to the evidence base for nutritional psychiatry as an adjunct to traditional depression treatments
Comparative Efficacies of Amlodipine-Telmisartan Versus Cilnidipine-Telmisartan in the Management of Hypertension
Get PDFBackground: Hypertension is a common cardiovascular issue that necessitates efficient pharmacological management to avoid complications. Calcium channel blockers together with angiotensin receptor blockers are frequently recommended. This research sought to evaluate the effectiveness of Amlodipine-Telmisartan compared to Cilnidipine-Telmisartan in treating hypertension.
Methods: A total of 100 patients with hypertension were recruited and evenly split into two groups. Group A was administered Amlodipine-Telmisartan, while Group B was given Cilnidipine-Telmisartan. Baseline and post-treatment metrics such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate, pulse rate, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed on the data to compare the treatment outcomes.
Results: The age group most frequently affected was 56-60 years in both categories. The average baseline SBP was comparable between Group A (166.34 mmHg) and Group B (166.46 mmHg), with reductions after treatment to 130.72 mmHg and 128.14 mmHg, respectively. DBP reduced from 93.16 mmHg to 79.18 mmHg in Group A and from 97.52 mmHg to 80.7 mmHg in Group B. Although the decreases in SBP and DBP were not statistically significant (p = 0.18 and p = 0.17), Group B exhibited a statistically significant heart rate reduction (p = 0.00).
Conclusion: Amlodipine-Telmisartan and Cilnidipine-Telmisartan are both effective in reducing blood pressure. Cilnidipine-Telmisartan showed a notably greater decrease in heart rate, likely resulting from its effect on both L-type and N-type calcium channels. This renders it a favored option for hypertensive patients needing heart rate regulation. Additional long-term research is suggested to assess the enduring cardiovascular advantages of these combinations
Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Herbal Sunscreen for Skin Protection from Uv Radiation
Get PDFIn the current study, successfully formulated and evaluated the herbal sunscreen using toluene extract of Fennel and Turmeric. The phytochemical screening of toluene extracts of fennel and turmeric was done to evaluate the presence of glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, sterols, carbohydrates, saponins and flavonoids. The SPF value of all the formulations was determined using Mansur equation for qualitative analysis of the formulations. The pH of all the formulations was evaluated which shows that the formulation sunscreen complies with the pH of the skin i.e. 5.5. SPF value of all the formulations was determined from F-1 to F-6, that is obtained as 19.59, 20.21, 11.83, 13.50, 32.05, 44.52 respectively. According the product category designation (PCD), the formulation F-5 and F-6 shows high SPF value. So, the F-6 shows SPF 44.52, considered as best herbal formulation for protection against UV radiation in the current study
An in Vivo Clinical Evaluation of the Primary Stability of Osseointegrated Implants in Type II Diabetes Patients Using Novel Radio Frequency Analysis (RFA)– A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Based Original Research Study
Get PDFAim: This study aims to evaluate the primary stability of osseointegrated implants in patients with type II diabetes using novel radiofrequency analysis (RFA).
Materials and Methods: The study involved 40 participants aged .20 healthy individuals and 20 with type II diabetes mellitus, who were all missing a mandibular first premolar. Implant primary stability was assessed using Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA). After placing 20 implants in each group and evaluated stability using the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ).
Statistical Analysis and Results: This study examined 40 patients with missing mandibular first premolars, split into two groups, 20 healthy individuals (Group 1) and 20 with type II diabetes mellitus (Group 2). Participants, aged 35 to 60, included 25 males and 15 females. The research evaluated dental implant stability using the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) via the Osstell device. Group 1 showed higher ISQ values (buccal 80.1 ± 6 Ncm, lingual 72.4 ± 6 Ncm, mesial 69.5 ± 5 Ncm, distal 65.3 ± 3 Ncm) compared to Group 2 (buccal 47.1 ± 3 Ncm, lingual 43.4 ± 5 Ncm, mesial 37.5 ± 3 Ncm, distal 35.3 ± 2 Ncm).
Conclusion: This study concluded thathealthy individuals show better primary stability after dental implants compared to type II diabetes patients. The findings suggest that RFA is a more reliable measure for assessing primary stability, impacting treatment planning and outcomes in dental implantology
"Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Hospital Nurseries: The Role of Disinfectant Overuse in Pathogenic Bacterial Adaptation"
Get PDFNeonatal hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are dangerous, especially in NICUs and nurseries where neonates are susceptible to bacterial infections. Over six months, this study isolated and identified harmful bacteria, primarily Escherichia coli (E. coli), from 10 nurseries in three hospitals and examined how excessive disinfectant usage affects antibiotic resistance and biofilm development. E. coli was the most common (50%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.3%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.1%) among 100 environmental and clinical samples. Over 80% of E. coli isolates were MDR, with 85% resistant to beta-lactams, 55% to aminoglycosides, and 15% to carbapenems. Biofilm production was seen in 78.6% of isolates, with 28.6% producing robust biofilms and increasing antibiotic resistance. Disinfectant-exposed isolates increased E. coli resistance from 65% to 88% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance from 55% to 85%. Excess disinfectants also increased bacterial biofilm formation, complicating eradication. To prevent resistant bacterial strains from spreading in newborn hospitals, reasonable disinfectant usage, antimicrobial stewardship, and improved infection control are needed.  
Psychiatric Morbidity and Associated Psychosocial Factors in Post Menopausal Women
Get PDFBackground: Natural menopause marks the irreversible end of menstruation and signals the conclusion of a woman’s reproductive years, often accompanied by various psychological and somatic symptoms. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and explore its association with psychosocial factors among postmenopausal women.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and explore its association with psychosocial factors among postmenopausal women.
Methods: This cross-sectional, analytical, descriptive study was conducted at the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physical Medicine, and Psychiatry of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, during 2009–2010. A total of 165 postmenopausal women were selected by purposive sampling. After obtaining informed consent, socio-demographic and psychosocial data were collected through interviews. Psychiatric diagnoses were made using the SCID-CV and DSM-IV-TR criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 12, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: Among 165 postmenopausal women, 48 (29.1%) had psychiatric disorders, mainly depression (47.9%). Psychiatric morbidity was significantly linked to lower education (p=0.001), being a housewife (p=0.000), poor family support (e.g., inability to share problems: 52.1% vs. 12.0%, p=0.000), dissatisfaction with family environment (64.6% vs. 17.1%, p=0.000), loneliness (93.8% vs. 65.8%, p=0.000), and feeling like a burden (72.9% vs. 17.9%, p=0.000).
Conclusion: Psychiatric morbidity among postmenopausal women was notably associated with poor emotional support, negative self-perception, and lower educational and occupational status.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.4.929